Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.

POWO follows these authorities in synonymising this name:

• Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens. [Cited as Cenchrus purpureus.]

This name was accepted following an alternative taxonomy by these authorities:

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTOM, Bangui. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Ndabaneze, P. (1989). Catalogue des Graminées du Burundi. Lejeunia; Revue de Botanique, n.s., 132: 1-127. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Starr, F. & Starr, K. (2011). New plant records for Midway atoll, Maui and Kaho'olawe. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 110: 23-35. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Ouédraogo, A., Hahn, K. & Zizka, G. (2012). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso. Boissiera 65: 1-391. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Troupin, G. (ed.) (1988). Flora du Rwanda 4: I-X, 1-651. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]
• Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden. [Cited as Pennisetum purpureum.]

Flora of the Cayman Islands

• Schum. in K. Dansk., Vid. Selsk. Naturv. & Math. Afh. 3: 64 (1828).

Flora of West Tropical Africa

• Berhaut, Fl. Sén. ed. 2, 394.
• Beskr. Guin. Pl. 44 (1827)
• Chev. Bot. 736
• F.T.A. 9: 1016
• in Rev. Bot. Appliq. 14: 36

Seed Collection Guides

• FZ volume:10 part:3 (1989) Gramineae by W. D. Clayton; Cook, B.G., Pengelly, B.C., Brown, S.D., Donnelly, J.L., Eagles, D.A., Franco, M.A., Hanson, J., Mullen, B.F., Partridge, I.J., Peters, M. and Schultze-Kraft, R. 2005. Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool., [online], CSIRO, DPl&F(Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in...
• Flora Zambesiaca Volume10 part 3 (1989) Gramineae by W. D. Clayton; Cook, B.G., Pengelly, B.C., Brown, S.D., Donnelly, J.L., Eagles, DA, Franco, M.A., Hanson, J., Mullen, B.F., Partridge, I.J., Peters, M. and Schultze-Kraft, R. (2005) Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool http://www.tropicalforages.info/ [accessed 20/06/2014]; CSIRO, DPl&F(Qld}, CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane,...
• W. D. Clayton (1989) Flora Zambesiaca, Volume10, part 3, Gramineae; Cook, B.G.,et al. (2005) Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool http://www.tropicalforages.info/; Ibrahim K.M. & Kabuye C.H.S. (1987) An Illustrated Manual of Kenya Grasses

Flora of Tropical East Africa

• A.V. Bogdan, A Revised List of Kenya Grasses p. 53 (1958).
• Brunken in Amer. Journ. Bot. 64: 162 (1977).
• Clayton in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 461 (1972).
• D.M. Napper, Grasses of Tanganyika: 90 (1965).
• Edwards & Bogdan, Imp. Grassl. Pl. Kenya: 65 (1951).
• Eggeling, Ann. list grasses Ug.: 36 (1947).
• F. W. Andr., The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 514 (1956).
• Hubbard, E.A. Pasture Plants 1: 44 (1926).
• Jackson & Wiehe, Ann. list Nyasaland grasses: 53 (1958).
• K.W. Harker & D.M. Napper, An Illustrated Guide to the Grasses of Uganda p. 47 (1960).
• Robyns, Fl. Agrost. Congo Belge. 2: 346 (1934).
• Robyns, Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert 3: 128 (1955).
• Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 44 (1827).
• Stapf & C. E. Hubbard in Flora of Tropical Africa 9: 1016 (1934).