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This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropics & Subtropics. It is used as animal food.

[FTEA]

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips & S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974

Morphology General Habit
Tufted perennial, the basal sheaths glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent; culms 0.6–3 m. high, erect, the whole plant commonly reddish in colour.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-blades 6–30 cm. long, 2–9 mm. wide, acute (sometimes abruptly so).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Racemes 5–12(–20) cm. long; internodes and pedicels clavate, usually ciliate (hairs ± 1 mm.), sometimes glabrous or villous; spatheoles linear, the racemes pedunculate and ± exserted.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Sessile spikelet linear, 5–10 mm. long, squeezed between internode and pedicel; lower glume subcoriaceous, apparently nerveless (except at the tip), keeled almost the whole length of the flanks, narrowly winged above, glabrous to villous; upper lemma bifid for 3/4 its length; awn 8–20 mm. long. Pedicelled spikelet lanceolate, 3–7 mm. long, acuminate or with an awn-point seldom over 3 mm. long.
Sessile
Sessile spikelet linear, 5–10 mm. long, squeezed between internode and pedicel; lower glume subcoriaceous, apparently nerveless (except at the tip), keeled almost the whole length of the flanks, narrowly winged above, glabrous to villous; upper lemma bifid for 3/4 its length; awn 8–20 mm. long.
Pedicelled
Pedicelled spikelet lanceolate, 3–7 mm. long, acuminate or with an awn-point seldom over 3 mm. long.
Figures
Fig. 178.
Habitat
Open places in bushland and woodland, on a wide range of soil types from stony hillsides to wet streamsides; 0–2000 m.
Distribution
throughout the tropics K4 K7 T1 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 U1

[FZ]

Gramineae, T. A. Cope. Flora Zambesiaca 10:4. 2002

Morphology General Habit
Loosely caespitose perennial, eventually reddish throughout; culms up to 160 cm high, erect, branched; internodes terete.
Morphology Leaves Leaf sheaths
Leaf sheaths both shorter and longer than the internodes, occasionally villous towards the top; laminas 12.5–30 mm × 2.5–6 mm, keeled, tapering to a fine point at the apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Racemes 4–18 cm long, exserted from the linear spatheoles, occasionally long-exserted; peduncles longer than the racemes; internodes and pedicels flattened, usually ciliate along both margins with hairs 2.5–4 mm long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Sessile spikelet 5.5–10 mm long, 1/2 as long again as the pedicel, narrowly lanceolate, laterally compressed, pointed at the base; inferior glume strongly convex, glabrous; superior lemma bifid in the upper 3/4; awn 10–22 mm long, geniculate; anthers 2.5–3.8 mm long. Pedicelled spikelet male or occasionally sterile, 4–7 mm long; inferior glume with an awn 1–4 mm long; anthers 1.3–2.3 mm long.
Sessile
Sessile spikelet 5.5–10 mm long, 1/2 as long again as the pedicel, narrowly lanceolate, laterally compressed, pointed at the base; inferior glume strongly convex, glabrous; superior lemma bifid in the upper 3/4; awn 10–22 mm long, geniculate; anthers 2.5–3.8 mm long.
Pedicelled
Pedicelled spikelet male or occasionally sterile, 4–7 mm long; inferior glume with an awn 1–4 mm long; anthers 1.3–2.3 mm long.

[FWTA]

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton. Flora of West Tropical Africa 3:2. 1972

Morphology General Habit
Tall tufted perennial with reddish culms up to 3 m. high
Ecology
Polymorphic, and occupying a wide range of habitats from shallow stony soils to wet streamsides.

[GB]
Morphology General Habit
Perennial; caespitose. Butt sheaths glabrous, or pubescent. Culms erect; 60-300 cm long. Ligule a ciliolate membrane. Leaf-blades 6-30 cm long; 2-9 mm wide. Leaf-blade apex abruptly acute, or acute.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Synflorescence compound; fastigiate. Inflorescence composed of racemes; terminal and axillary; subtended by a spatheole; exserted. Spatheole linear; 4-7 cm long; herbaceous. Peduncle widened at apex. Racemes 1; single; 2-15(-20) cm long. Rhachis fragile at the nodes; semiterete; glabrous on margins, or ciliate on margins, or villous on margins. Rhachis hairs 1 mm long. Rhachis internodes cuneate; 5-7 mm long. Rhachis internode tip crateriform; with scarious rim. Spikelets squeezed between internode and pedicel; in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; 1 in the cluster. Pedicels cuneate; 3-5 mm long; glabrous, or ciliate, or villous.
Sterile
Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; containing empty lemmas, or male; lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 3-7 mm long; shorter than fertile; deciduous with the fertile. Companion sterile spikelet glumes coriaceous; muticous, or awned; one glume awned; with 0-4 mm long awn. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas 2; enclosed by glumes.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear; laterally compressed; 5-10 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus pilose; base obtuse; inserted. Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; containing empty lemmas, or male; lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 3-7 mm long; shorter than fertile; deciduous with the fertile. Companion sterile spikelet glumes coriaceous; muticous, or awned; one glume awned; with 0-4 mm long awn. Companion sterile spikelet lemmas 2; enclosed by glumes.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear; laterally compressed; 5-10 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus pilose; base obtuse; inserted.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes dissimilar; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume linear; 1 length of spikelet; coriaceous; 2-keeled; keeled all along; keeled frontally; keeled sharply; winged on keel; winged narrowly; winged near apex. Lower glume intercarinal veins obscure. Lower glume surface glabrous, or pilose, or villous. Lower glume apex dentate; 2 -fid. Upper glume lanceolate; membranous; 1-keeled; 1 -veined. Upper glume primary vein scaberulous. Upper glume lateral veins absent. Upper glume margins ciliolate. Upper glume apex acuminate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret oblong; 3-5 mm long; hyaline; 2 -veined; ciliolate on margins. Fertile lemma oblong; 4 mm long; hyaline; without keel; 1 -veined. Lemma margins ciliolate. Lemma apex lobed; 2 -fid; with lanceolate lobes; incised 0.75 of lemma length; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn from a sinus; geniculate; 8-20 mm long overall; with twisted column. Column of lemma awn glabrous. Palea absent or minute.
Distribution
Africa: west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, south, and western Indian ocean. Asia-temperate: China. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Papuasia. North America: southwest USA, south-central USA, southeast USA, and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, Caribbean, northern South America, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.
Reference
Andropogoneae. FTEA.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 2500 m.; Andes, Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba
Conservation
No Evaluada

[UPB]

The Useful Plants of Boyacá project

Ecology
Alt. 0 - 2500 m.
Morphology General Habit
Herb.
Distribution
Native from Colombia.
Conservation
Not Evaluated.

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[UPB]
Use Animal Food Grains & Cereals
Eaten by animals (State of the World's Plants 2016).

Native to:

Alabama, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Assam, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, Chad, Chile Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Mali, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, New Guinea, New Mexico, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
Feb 1, 2014 Hatschbach, G. [31961], Brazil K001059285
Jan 1, 2014 Hunt, D.R. [5542], Brazil K001054984
Jan 1, 2014 Hunt, D.R. [6076], Brazil K001054992
Jan 1, 2014 Hatschbach, G. [64641], Brazil K001054947
Jan 1, 2014 Pohl [1147], Brazil K001054969
Jan 1, 2014 Ratter, J.A. [1035], Brazil K001054990
Jan 1, 2014 Irwin, H.S. [5222], Brazil K001054972
Jan 1, 2014 Irwin, H.S. [16468], Brazil K001054987
Jan 1, 2014 Sendulsky, T. [118], Brazil K001054973
Jan 1, 2014 Oliveira, F.C.A. [589], Brazil K001054946
Jan 1, 2014 Commerson [s.n.] K001054975
Jan 1, 2014 Glaziou, A. [22540/bis], Brazil K001054954
Jan 1, 2014 Glaziou, A. [22540], Brazil K001054956
Jan 1, 2014 Glaziou, A. [18658], Brazil K001054959
Jan 1, 2014 Gardner [4057], Brazil K001059284
Jan 1, 2014 Campos, S.M. [224], Brazil K001054979
Jan 1, 2014 Burchell [8812], Brazil K001054966
Jan 1, 2014 Glaziou [22540], Brazil K001054965
May 1, 1981 Ule, E. [8008], Brazil K001054964
May 1, 1981 Riedel [913], Brazil K001054967
May 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [22396], Brazil K001054951
May 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [22364], Brazil K001054952
Apr 1, 1981 Richards, P.W. [6435], Brazil K001054982
Apr 1, 1981 Pohl [1145], Brazil K001054971
Apr 1, 1981 Ratter, J.A. [810], Brazil K001054988
Apr 1, 1981 Ratter, J.A. [R320], Brazil K001054989
Apr 1, 1981 Ratter, J.A. [1037], Brazil K001054991
Apr 1, 1981 Sellow [s.n.], Brazil K000307904 Unknown type material
Apr 1, 1981 Ule, E. [8003], Brazil K001054963
Apr 1, 1981 Eiten, G. [4430], Brazil K001054980
Apr 1, 1981 Burchell, W.J. [6877], Brazil K001054955
Apr 1, 1981 Townsend, C.H.T. [335], Chihuahua K000632944
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [22372], Brazil K001054950
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [17441/bis], Brazil K001054961
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [20076], Brazil K001054962
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [22364], Brazil K001054976
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [20076], Brazil K001054981
Apr 1, 1981 Burchell [6885-2], Brazil K001054958
Apr 1, 1981 Burchell [6877], Brazil K001054974
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou [22369], Brazil K001054949
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou [22541], Brazil K001054953
Apr 1, 1981 Glaziou [17441], Brazil K001054960
Jan 1, 1981 Glaziou, A. [22541 bis], Brazil K001054957
Jan 1, 1970 Geerling, C. [1353], Burkina Faso K000392220
Oct 17, 1962 Kmoch [151], Burkina Faso K000392224
Aug 1, 1962 Rose Innes, R. [31526], Burkina Faso K000392225
Aug 1, 1962 Rose Innes, R. [31497], Burkina Faso K000392226
Aug 1, 1962 Rose Innes, R. [31069], Burkina Faso K000392227
Richards, P.W. [6438], Brazil K001054983
Richards, P.W. [6430], Brazil K001054985
Harley, R.M. [15211], Bahia K000004665
Harley, R.M. [16016], Bahia K000004666
Harley, R.M. [16678], Bahia K000004664
Gossweiler, J. [3730], Angola K000280400 syntype
Clayton, W.D. [4567], Brazil K001054968
Clayton, W.D. [4852], Brazil K001054977
Sorensen, Th. [6170], Thailand K000688832
Hatschbach, G. [62731], Brazil K001054945
Onishi, E. [985], Brazil K001054986
van Beusekom, C.F. [4568], Thailand K000688834
Bidgood, S. [6054], Tanzania K000468371
Ratter, J.A. [3004], Brazil K001054970
Smitinand, T. [2052], Thailand K000688829
Smitinand, T. [11782], Thailand K000688830
Smitinand, T. [6185], Thailand K000688831
Smitinand, T. [4003], Thailand K000688837
Welwitsch [7326], Angola K000280399 holotype
Welwitsch [2869], Angola K000280402 isotype
Spruce, R. [5924], Ecuador K000201740
Spruce, R. [6099], Ecuador K000201741
Vogel, Nigeria K000280465 holotype
Sellow [s.n.], Brazil K000307899 isotype
Sellow [s.n.], Brazil K000307900 isotype
Sellow [s.n.], Brazil K000307901 isotype
Sellow [s.n.], Brazil K000307902 Unknown type material
Eiten, G. [2909], Brazil K001054978
Bourgeau [752], Mexico K000501804 isolectotype
Schlieben, H.J. [1025] K000280379 isotype
Pearson, H.H.W. [2751], Angola K000280401
Lazarides, M. [7415], Thailand K000688836
Wight, R. [2048], Sri Lanka K000245889 Unknown type material
Burchell, W.J. [near 6889], Brazil K001059144
Charoenphol, Ch. [4738], Thailand K000688833
Rose Innes, R. [31478], Burkina Faso K000392223
Pobéguin [1774] K000280467 holotype
Pobéguin [1774] K000280466 holotype
Goldsmith [201], Brazil K001054993
Sellow [s.n.], Brazil K000307903
Lindhard, E. [s.n.], Thailand K000688835
Renvoize, S.A. [4301], Brazil K001054948
Balansa, B. [212], Paraguay K000307897 Unknown type material
Balansa, B. [212], Paraguay K000307898 Unknown type material
Sihronen, J. [254], Burkina Faso K000392219
Sihronen, J. [228], Burkina Faso K000392218
Scholz [45], Burkina Faso K000392221
Scholz [45], Burkina Faso K000392222
s.coll. [3079], Sri Lanka K000975004
Kerr, A.F.G. [13701], Thailand Schizachyrium semiberbe K000620287
Kerr, A.F.G. [8252], Thailand Schizachyrium semiberbe K000620288
Kerr, A.F.G. [9785], Thailand Schizachyrium semiberbe K000620289
Kerr, A.F.G. [14376], Thailand Schizachyrium semiberbe K000620290
Kerr, A.F.G. [2227], Thailand Schizachyrium semiberbe K000620291
Marcan, A. [2746], Thailand Schizachyrium semiberbe K000620292

First published in H.Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 334 (1931)

Accepted by

  • Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
  • Vigosa-Mercado, J.L. & Fonseca, R.M. (2017). Flora de Guerrero 75: 1-153. Facultade de Ciencias, UNAM.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Cope, T.A. (2002). Flora Zambesiaca 10(4): 1-190. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Levin, G.A. & Moran, R. (1989). The vascular flora of isla Socorro, Mexico: 1-71. Dept. of Botany, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.

Literature

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Berhaut, Fl. Sén. ed. 2, 423.
  • Aké Assi, Contrib. 2: 298
  • Suppl. Fl. Ceylon 334 (1931)

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) http://apps.kew.org/sepasalweb/sepaweb in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Cope, T.A. (2002). Flora Zambesiaca 10(4): 1-190. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Clayton in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 479 (1972).
  • D.M. Napper, Grasses of Tanganyika: 101 (1965).
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