Amaryllidaceae
Galanthus

Galanthus nivalis L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 288 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Pyrenees to Ukraine. It is a bulbous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Belgium, Great Britain, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Netherlands, New Brunswick, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Norway, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Sweden, Utah, Virginia, Washington

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Diev, M.M. (2014). Galyantusy: 1-167. K.M.K., Moskva.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Rico, E. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora Iberica 20: 1-651. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.

Kew Species Profiles

  • Sampled Red List Index Conservation Assessment for Galanthus nivalis. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
  • Bishop, M., Davis, A. P. & Grimshaw, J. (2006). Snowdrops: A Monograph of Cultivated Galanthus. Griffin Press, Cheltenham.
  • Davis, A. P. (1999). The Genus Galanthus. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in association with Timber Press, Oregon.
  • Heinrich, M. & Teoh, H. L. (2004). Galanthamine from snowdrop – the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. J. Ethnopharmacol. 92: 147-162.
  • Sanderson, H. & Prendergast, H. D. V. (2002). Commercial uses of wild and traditionally managed plants in England and Scotland. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Feb 10, 2023 Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Mian, S. [MC9474] United Kingdom K001527301 No
Aug 1, 2008 s.coll. [62] France K000457120 Yes
Aug 1, 2008 Huet, A. [1854] France K000464069 Unknown Type Material Yes
Mar 1, 1882 Grecescu, D. [s.n.] Romania K000457107 No
Mar 1, 1882 Grecescu, D. [s.n.] Romania K000457108 No
Mar 1, 1882 Grecescu, D. [s.n.] Romania K000457106 No
Jun 2, 1851 Coqueray, J. [s.n.] France K000457118 No
Jun 2, 1851 Coqueray, J. [80] France K000457121 Yes
Vollmann [1433] Germany K000457095 No
Hill, A.W.; Sandwith, N.Y.; Turrill, W.B. [2526] Greece K000457149 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K000457113 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Belgium K000457111 No
Pennington, R.V. [3] Albania K000457164 No
Fiori, A.; Beguinot, A.; Pampanini, R. [s.n.] Italy K000457143 No
Meline, C. [s.n.] France K000457138 No
Margittai, A. [s.n.] Ukraine K000457103 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K000457145 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K000457115 No
Goulimy, C.N. [10] Greece K000457150 No
Stern, F. [S.no] K001691307 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K002461796 Yes
Rakoose [S.no] Croatia K001770240 Yes
Edi[illegible] [S.no] Russia K001770239 Yes
[illegible]ooker, D. [S.no] United Kingdom K001770238 Yes
S.coll [S.no] Germany K002461564 Yes
Volak, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K000457104 No
Billiet, P. [s.n.] France K000457127 No
Hepp, E. [1433] Germany K000457096 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457137 No
Gilliat-Smith, B. [409] Bulgaria K000457165 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457124 No
Schola H.P. [s.n.] France K001790165 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K002461802 Yes
Favrat, L.; Barbey, W. [s.n.] Switzerland K000457097 No
Stern, F. [S.no] K001770220 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K001691308 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K001770226 Yes
Zinger, N. [s.n.] Ukraine K000457092 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457125 No
Nowak, J. [s.n.] Poland K000457166 No
K:SPC-73303.000 No
s.coll. [564] Poland K000457094 No
Jarris, P. [s.n.] France K000457131 No
Joad, G.C. [564] Poland K000457093 No
Maillard, A. [s.n.] France K000457136 No
Marr, A.J. [136] Italy K:SPC-73718.000 No
Leyland, R. [S.no] United Kingdom K002461577 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K002461795 Yes
Pichler [s.n.] Italy K000457152 No
Unverricht, C. [s.n.] Poland K000457110 No
Mathew, B.; Tomlinson, A.J. [4032] Serbia K000457159 No
Horton, S.V. [853] Greece K000457147 No
Pop, I. [s.n.] Romania K000457105 No
Picquet, C. [s.n.] Belgium K000457112 No
s.coll. [99911] Austria K000457101 No
Daville [s.n.] France K000457135 No
Reverchon, E. [s.n.] France K000457128 No
Martindale, G.E. [7] Croatia K000457157 No
Maly [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000457161 No
Bornet [s.n.] France K000457119 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457123 No
Cope, T.A. [RBG 23] United Kingdom K000914590 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457122 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000457162 No
Buysson Du [s.n.] France K000457130 No
Gerard, C. [s.n.] France K000457140 No
Durand-Duquesney [s.n.] France K000457134 No
Jarris, P. [s.n.] France K000457141 No
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K000457507 No
Otruba, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K000457102 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457133 No
Savostjaniv, A. [33] Ukraine K000457091 No
Billiet, P. [s.n.] France K000457126 No
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K000457098 No
Porta; Rigo [s.n.] Italy K000457151 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Bulgaria K000457163 No
Blonski, F. [s.n.] Poland K000457109 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457114 No
Davis, A. K:SPC-70348.000 No
Feuz [17] Austria K000457099 No
K:SPC-64350.000 No
Mathew, B. [7529] Montenegro K000457155 No
Maly [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000457160 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Ukraine K000457090 No
Hill, A.W.; Sandwith, N.Y.; Turrill, W.B. [2526] Greece K000457148 No
Meline, C. [s.n.] France K000457142 No
Huet, A. [s.n.] France K000457132 No
Vayreda [s.n.] Spain K000457117 No
K:SPC-70434.000 No
Martindale, G.E. [7] Croatia K000457156 No
Joad, G.C. [s.n.] Italy K000457277 No
Dostal, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K000457146 No
Gerard, C. [s.n.] France K000457129 No
Whitehead, M.J. [15] Italy K000457167 No
Ball, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K000457506 No
Fiori, A.; Beguinot, A. [s.n.] Italy K000457144 No
Tommasini, M. [s.n.] Italy K000457153 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K000457116 No
Bouvet, G. [s.n.] France K000457139 No
Pichler [s.n.] Italy K000457154 No
Marr, A.J. [75] Montenegro K000457158 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457100 No
Stern, F. [S.no] Galanthus imperati K001691305 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] Galanthus imperati K001613487 No
Galanthus imperati K002461665 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] Galanthus imperati K001613488 No
[illegible]llacombe [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K002461681 Yes
[illegible]llacombe [479] Galanthus scharlokii K001770218 Yes
Royal Horticulture Society [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K002461680 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K002461783 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K001770237 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0