- Family: Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus: Apera Adans.
Apera spica-venti (L.) P.Beauv.
- Genus: Apera Adans.
This species is accepted, and its native range is Macaronesia, Europe to Siberia, Medit. to NW. Iran.
Descriptions
According to GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
[GB]- Habit
- Annual. Culms geniculately ascending, or decumbent; 20-100 cm long; 3-5 -noded. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 3-12 mm long. Leaf-blades 7-25 cm long; 3-10 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface scabrous; rough adaxially, or on both sides.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open; ovate; effuse; 10-25 cm long; 3-15 cm wide. Primary panicle branches spreading; whorled at most nodes; profusely divided; 3-7 cm long. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels 1-3 mm long; scaberulous.
- Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 2.5-3 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus pubescent.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 2.5-3 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus pubescent.
- Glume
- Glumes persistent; similar; exceeding apex of florets; shiny. Lower glume lanceolate; 2.2-2.5 mm long; 0.75-0.9 length of upper glume; membranous; 1-keeled; 1 -veined. Lower glume primary vein scaberulous. Lower glume lateral veins absent. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume lanceolate; 2.5-3 mm long; 1.1-1.2 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous; 1-keeled; 3 -veined. Upper glume primary vein scaberulous. Upper glume apex acute.
- Florets
- Fertile lemma lanceolate; 2.1-2.8 mm long; membranous; without keel; 5 -veined. Lemma surface scaberulous; rough above. Lemma apex acute; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn subapical; flexuous; 5-10 mm long overall. Palea 0.9-1 length of lemma; 2 -veined.
- Flowers
- Anthers 3; 1-2 mm long.
- Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; ellipsoid. Endosperm liquid.
- Distribution
- Europe: northern, central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Africa: north. Asia-temperate: Siberia, Soviet far east, Soviet Middle Asia, Caucasus, and western Asia. North America: north-central USA, northeast USA, and southeast USA.
- Reference
- Aveneae. FW 1995.
Distribution
Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Libya, Madeira, Mauritania, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European R, Poland, Romania, Sardegna, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Tuva, Ukraine, West Siberia, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Baltic States, California, Connecticut, Corse, Delaware, District of Columbia, Finland, Great Britain, Idaho, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Maine, Maryland, Masachusettes, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North European Russi, Norway, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Sakhalin, Sweden, Texas, Vermont, Washington
Synonyms
- Agraulus anemagrostoides (Trin.) Trin.
- Agrostis anemagrostis Syme
- Agrostis anemagrostoides Trin.
- Agrostis boetica Colla
- Agrostis effusa Spreng.
- Agrostis filiformis Vill.
- Agrostis gracilis Salisb.
- Agrostis purpurea Gaudin
- Agrostis spica-venti L.
- Agrostis ventosa Dulac
- Anemagrostis spica-venti (L.) Trin.
- Apera effusa Gray
- Apera longiseta Klokov
- Apera maritima Klokov
- Apera purpurea (Gaudin) P.Beauv.
- Apera spica-venti f. flavida (Waisb.) Soó
- Apera spica-venti f. violacea (Waisb.) Soó
- Avena spica-venti (L.) Scop.
- Festuca spica-venti (L.) Raspail
- Milium spica-venti (L.) Lag.
- Muhlenbergia spica-venti (L.) Trin.
- Trichodium filiforme (Vill.) Spreng.
Other Data
Apera spica-venti (L.) P.Beauv. appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (1 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sheahan, M-C. [MCS303], United Kingdom | K000696412 |
Bibliography
First published in Ess. Agrostogr.: 31 (1812)
Accepted by
- Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
- Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
- Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dalnego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Literature
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
- Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
- Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
- Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dalnego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Sources
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0