- Family: Boraginaceae Juss.
- Genus: Cynoglossum L.
Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.
- Genus: Cynoglossum L.
This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & S. Africa to Tropical & Subtropical Asia.
[FZ]
Boraginaceae, E. S. Martins (Trichodesma by R. K. Brummit). Flora Zambesiaca 7:4. 1990
- Habit
- A biennial or sometimes perennial herb 0.3–1.2(1.8) m. high with erect annual stems, shortly hispid with antrorse hairs toward the apex, spreading below and sometimes retrorse near the base.
- Leaves
- Inferior leaves with petiole 2.5–8(13) cm. long, the superior ones almost sessile; lamina of the inferior leaves 8–15(20) x 2–4(6.5) cm., lanceolate to oblanceolate, that of the superior ones 2–6(8) x 0.4–1.8 cm., lanceolate to sublinear, roughish to shortly hispid above, roughish to pubescent below, acute at apex, attenuate at base and decurrent on the petiole; midrib and 2 lateral veins in all leaves usually prominent below.
- Inflorescences
- Cymes ebracteate above the first flower, often divaricate.
- Flowers
- Flowers with pedicels 1.0–2.5(3) mm. long, a little accrescent and recurved in fruit.
- Calyx
- Calyx 1.0–1.5 mm. long, divided to near the base; lobes ovate to oblong-ovate, roughish to shortly hispid outside, ciliate, glabrous inside, rounded at apex.
- Corolla
- Corolla 1.5–2.6 mm. long, white or blue or with the tube mauve and the limb white or bluish but deep blue at throat, glabrous; tube 0.7–1.4 mm. long, campanulate; lobes 0.6–1.5 x 0.6–1.5 mm., oblong-ovate to subcircular, rounded at apex; fornices much broader than long, semilunar.
- Stamens
- Stamens inserted at 0.6–0.9 mm. from the base of the corolla tube; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm. long, oblong; Filaments 0.2–0.3 mm. long.
- Style
- Style thick, up to 1.5 mm. long in fruit.
- Fruits
- Nutlets 1.5–2.5 x 1.2–1.8 mm. (without glochids), ovate, united to the style by a strap which detaches itself at complete maturity ± equally covered with 0.5–1.0 mm. long glochids; outer surface flat or convex, not marginate.
[FTEA]
Boraginaceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1991
- Habit
- Annual or biennial (rarely ? perennial) herb 0.2–1.2 m. tall, branched from the base or ± unbranched below but mostly with upper inflorescence-bearing part well-branched; taproot thick, up to 20 × 2 cm.; stems drying brownish, with sparse to dense white adpressed to spreading slightly tubercle-based hairs.
- Leaves
- Leaves elliptic, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 2–13(–18) cm. long, 0.5–4(–5) cm. wide, acute at the apex, ± rounded at the base, scabrid with tubercle-based hairs from rings of cystoliths, breaking off to leave tubercles; venation ± impressed above, raised beneath; lower leaves with petioles developed, upper ± sessile.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences terminal and axillary, usually characteristically divaricately bifid, rapidly elongating, 1–20 cm. long, the individual branches mostly (2.5–)4–1 3(–22) cm. long; flowers typically small; pedicels ± 1 mm. long up to 2.5 mm. and mostly recurved in fruit.
- Calyx
- Sepals oblong, elliptic or ovate, 0.8–2 mm. long, 0.4–1.3 mm. wide, ± unequal and mostly 2 mm. long in fruit, with tubercle-based hairs outside.
- Corolla
- Corolla usually white or sometimes pale blue or with a blue centre; tube 1 mm. long; lobes rounded-ovate to oblong, 0.5–2 mm. long, 0.5–1 mm. wide; anthers 0.5 mm. long; style 0.2–0.3 mm. long.
- Fruits
- Fruits yellow-brown when ripe, 4–5 mm. wide, the nutlets subglobose-obovoid, 1.5–2 mm. in diameter, evenly covered all over with slender glochidia over 0.5 mm. long, separating easily at maturity; fruiting style ± 0.5(–1.3) mm. long, narrowly oblong and compressed, almost winged in dry state.
- Figures
- Fig. 29/2, p. 105.
- Habitat
- Grassland, bushland, often as a weed in plantations, cultivation edges, murram roadsides and other areas of bare soil; (?600–)1140–2040(-?2520) m.
- Distribution
- widespread from Arabia to S. & W. Africa and to India, Malaysia and China K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 U1
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Habit
- Herb, 0.2–1.2 m tall, from a thick taproot; stems and leaves ± hispid
- Leaves
- Leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2–18 x 0.5–4 cm, attenuate at the base, acute at the apex, the lower ones petiolate
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences usually with paired branches, quickly elongating, c. 2–15 cm long; pedicels 1–3 mm long, elongating and ± recurved in fruit
- Calyx
- Calyx-lobes oblong to ovate, 1–2 mm long, hispid outside
- Corolla
- Corolla white or pale blue; tube c. 1 mm long; lobes 0.5–2 mm long
- Style
- Style c. 0.3 mm long, elongating in fruit
- Fruits
- Nutlets subglobose-obovoid, 1.5–2 mm in diam., covered all over with c. 0.5 mm long glochidiate spines; fruiting style up to 1.3 mm long, angular and almost winged.
- Distribution
- N1, 2 widespread in tropical Africa and from the southern part of the Arabian peninsula to India, Malaysia and China.
- Ecology
- Altitude range 1300–2160 m.
[FWTA]
Boraginaceae, H. Heine. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2. 1963
- Habit
- A pilose herb 3-6 ft. high
- Flowers
- White or bluish flowers.
Native to:
Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Congo, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Free State, Ghana, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Ascension
- Cynoglossum abyssinicum Hochst. ex Engl.
- Cynoglossum canescens Willd.
- Cynoglossum formosanum Nakai
- Cynoglossum formosanum f. albiflorum Masam.
- Cynoglossum hirsutum Thunb.
- Cynoglossum lanceolatum f. albiflorum (Masam.) Yonek.
- Cynoglossum platyphyllum Klotzsch
- Cynoglossum racemosum Roxb.
- Cynoglossum vesiculosum Wall. ex G.Don
- Echinospermum paniculatum E.Mey. ex A.DC.
- Paracynoglossum lanceolatum (Forssk.) R.R.Mill
Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oct 1, 1973 | Mbenkum, T. [328], Cameroon | K000029810 | ||
Brenan, J.P.M. [9541], Cameroon | K000029838 | |||
Brenan, J.P.M. [9541], Cameroon | K000029839 | |||
Gardner, G. [620], Sri Lanka | K000942357 | |||
Drege [s.n.], South Africa | K000418901 | |||
Drege [s.n.], South Africa | K000418902 | syntype | ||
Rehmann, A. [4123], South Africa | K000418900 | |||
Wallich, N. [921], India | K000942356 | isotype | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 921] | K001110299 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 921] | K001110300 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 921] | K001110301 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 921], India | K001110302 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 920], Nepal | Cynoglossum vesiculosum | K001110297 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 920], Nepal | Cynoglossum vesiculosum | K001110298 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 920], Nepal | Cynoglossum vesiculosum | K001110308 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 918], India | Cynoglossum canescens | K001110286 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 918], India | Cynoglossum canescens | K001110287 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 918], Nepal | Cynoglossum canescens | K001110288 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 918], Nepal | Cynoglossum canescens | K001110289 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 918], Nepal | Cynoglossum canescens | K001110290 |
First published in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 41 (1775)
Accepted by
- Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
- Meena, S.L. & Krishna, P.H. (2017). Eight additions to the flora of Gujarat state from Schoolpaneshwar wildlife sanctuary, Narmada district, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 41: 116-119.
- König, J. & al. (2015). A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species Phytotaxa 224: 1-28.
- Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
- Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
- Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.
- Ruengsawang, K. & Chantaranothai, P. (2009). A revision of Boraginaceae subfamily Boraginoideae in Thailand Thai Journal of Botany 1: 89-101.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
- Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
- Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
- Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh l?c các loài th?c v?t Vi?t Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà N?i : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p.
- Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
- Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
- Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
- Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
- Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1997). Flora Malesiana 13: 1-454. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
- Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Verdcourt, B. (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Boraginaceae: 1-124.
- Launert, E. & Pope, G.V. (eds.) (1990). Flora Zambesiaca 7(4): 1-114. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Ali, S.I. & Nasir, Y.J. (1989). Flora of West Pakistan 191: 1-200.
- Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTROM, Bangui.
- Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon) Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
- Taton, A. (1971). Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Burundi, Boraginaceae: 1-82. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles.
- Riedl, H. (1967). Flora Iranica 48: 1-281. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Brand in Engl. Pflanzenr. 4, 252: 139 (1921)
- Chev. Bot. 452.
- F.T.A. 4, 2: 54
- Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., Descr. Pl. 41 (1775)
Kew Backbone Distributions
- König, J. & al. (2015). A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species Phytotaxa 224: 1-28.
- Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
- Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
- Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
- Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1997). Flora Malesiana 13: 1-454. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
- Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTROM, Bangui.
- Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon) Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
- Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 1-544.
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 3, (2006) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Martins in Flora Zambesiaca 7(4): 105, t. 30 (1990).
- Kabuye & Agnew in A.D.Q. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers p. 521 (1974).
- Taton in Flore du Congo Belge, du Ruanda et du Burundi, Borag.: 50 (1971), pro parte.
- Ivens, E. Afr. Weeds: 79 (1967).
- Heine in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 324 (1963).
- Cufod., Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Supplement in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.) p. 782 (1962).
- Robyns, Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert 2: 130 (1947), pro parte.
- Brand in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 252 (78): 37, fig. 18/A–G (1921), pro parte.
- De Wild. in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État a Bruxelles 7: 38 (1920).
- Gürke & F. Vaupel in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907-1908, 2 (Botanik) p. 280 (1911).
- Bak. & Wright in Flora of Tropical Africa 4(2): 54 (1905), pro parte.
- C.B.Cl. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 156 (1883), pro parte.
- Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 41 (1775).
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
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Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0