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This species is accepted, and its native range is W. Tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Tanzania.

[FTEA]

Cucurbitaceae, C. Jeffrey. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1967

Habit
Climber or trailer to 4.5 m.; stem herbaceous, rather densely hairy.
Leaves
Leaves broadly ovate-reniform or suborbicular in outline, cordate, sinuate-toothed, apiculate, hairy beneath and usually also above, 32–230 mm. long, 45–230 mm. broad, undivided or shortly and obscurely palmately 5–9-lobed; lobes rounded; petiole 27–125 mm. long, pubescent, with two small apical lateral conical glands.
Tendrils
Tendrils bifid.
Flowers
Monoecious. Male flowers solitary on 75–310 mm. long peduncles; receptacle-tube funnel-shaped, slightly bulbous at the base, pubescent, 11–16 mm. long; lobes linear to triangular, 3–7 mm. long; petals white, opening in the evening, broadly obovate, apiculate, 27–45 mm. long, 18–37 mm. broad; anthers oblong, coherent, included; thecae triplicate, also ± contorted especially in lower part of anther. Female flowers on ± 60–70 mm. long stalks; ovary ovoid, villous, 11–17 mm. long, 6–8 mm. across; receptacle-tube ± 2.5 mm. long; lobes acute, ± 3–3.5 mm. long; petals ± 30 mm. long and 24 mm. broad.
Male
Male flowers solitary on 75–310 mm. long peduncles; receptacle-tube funnel-shaped, slightly bulbous at the base, pubescent, 11–16 mm. long; lobes linear to triangular, 3–7 mm. long; petals white, opening in the evening, broadly obovate, apiculate, 27–45 mm. long, 18–37 mm. broad; anthers oblong, coherent, included; thecae triplicate, also ± contorted especially in lower part of anther.
Female
Female flowers on ± 60–70 mm. long stalks; ovary ovoid, villous, 11–17 mm. long, 6–8 mm. across; receptacle-tube ± 2.5 mm. long; lobes acute, ± 3–3.5 mm. long; petals ± 30 mm. long and 24 mm. broad.
Fruits
Fruit large, subglobose, ellipsoid, lageniform, biventricose, clavate or elongated, up to 130 mm. or more in diameter, green, hairy, fleshy, hard-shelled, indehiscent.
Seeds
Seeds (fig. 6/9, p. 48) oblong, compressed, slightly tapered, slightly 2-horned on the shoulders at the broader end, smooth with 2 flat longitudinal facial ridges fading towards the narrow end and approaching one another medially at the 2-horned end, ± 17 × 7 × 3.2 mm., in some cultivated forms much larger, irregular and ± rugose.
Habitat
Apparently wild in grassland and bushland, also cultivated; 500–1770 m.
Distribution
pantropical, but probably introduced outside Africa and Asia K1 K3 K4 K5 T1 T2 T3 T5 T6 T8 U1 U2 U3 U4

[FZ]

Cucurbitaceae, C. Jeffrey. Flora Zambesiaca 4. 1978

Habit
Vigorous annual.
Stem
Stems prostrate or scandent, softly villous.
Leaves
Leaf-lamina 3–40 × 4·5–40 cm., broadly ovate or reniform in outline, cordate, shortly and softly puberulous or pubescent, undivided or incipiently palmately 5–7-lobed, the lobes rounded, shallowly sinuate-dentate, apiculate.
Petiole
Petioles 2–30 cm. long, densely pubescent or villous; glands small, somewhat recurved, inserted at the base of the lamina.
Probract
Probracts undeveloped.
Flowers
Flowers monoecious. male flowers solitary; pedicels 7–31 cm. long, softly hairy or villous; receptacle-tube 1·1–1·6 cm. long, obconic-cylindrical, villous, lobes remote, 2·5–7 × 1–2 mm., subulate-dentiform or triangular-dentiform. Petals 2–4·5 × 1–3·5 cm., white, obovate. Anthers oblong, included. Female flowers on 6–10 cm. long peduncles; ovary 10–25 × 5–8 mm., subglobose to ellipsoid or cylindrical, densely villous; receptacle-lobes and petals similar to those of male flowers.
Male
male flowers solitary; pedicels 7–31 cm. long, softly hairy or villous; receptacle-tube 1·1–1·6 cm. long, obconic-cylindrical, villous, lobes remote, 2·5–7 × 1–2 mm., subulate-dentiform or triangular-dentiform. Petals 2–4·5 × 1–3·5 cm., white, obovate. Anthers oblong, included.
Female
Female flowers on 6–10 cm. long peduncles; ovary 10–25 × 5–8 mm., subglobose to ellipsoid or cylindrical, densely villous; receptacle-lobes and petals similar to those of male flowers.
Fruits
Fruits large, up to 1 m. long and 20 cm. across, subglobose to cylindrical, often ± biventricose or lageniform, green, becoming yellowish when mature.
Seeds
Seeds 7–20 mm. long, oblong, truncate and emarginate at the base, with 2 flat facial ridges, in some variants rather irregular and rugose.

[FSOM]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Calyx
Sepals triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2.5–11 mm long
Corolla
Petals white with green veins, obovate, 2.5–4.7 cm long
Flowers
Female flowers solitary Male flowers solitary Monoecious; flowers sweet-scented
Pedicel
Pedicel 2–10 cm long Pedicel 7–31 cm long
Ovary
Ovary ellipsoid to cylindrical, villous, 1–3.5 cm long
Hypanthium
Hypanthium 1.5–2.5 mm long Hypanthium obconic-cylindrical, 11–16 mm long
Perianth
Perianth like that of male flowers
Fruits
Fruit subglobose to cylindrical, commonly bottle-shaped or swollen at ends, up to 100 x 10–20 cm, green, uniformly coloured or mottled, yellow-brown when dry
Seeds
Seeds oblong in outline, 7–20 mm long, variable, smooth or with longitudinal facial ridges.
Habit
Vigorous prostrate or scandent annual herb to 4.5 m
Leaves
Leaf-blade broadly ovate or reniform, cordate, softly shortly pubescent or puberulous, 3–40 x 4.5–40 cm, unlobed or, when young, palmately 5–7-lobed, lobes rounded; petiole 2–30 cm long, obscurely 2-glandular at the apex
Distribution
N1; S3, also cultivated pantropical.
Ecology
Altitude range 40–1850 m.
Vernacular
Gardu (Somali-N).

[FWTA]

Cucurbitaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:1. 1954

Vernacular
The Calabash, Bottle-Gourd or White Pumpkin.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 50 - 1760 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífico, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Habit
Trepadora

>

[FSOM]
Use
Mature fruits used as containers. Young fruits edible

Native to:

Cameroon, Central African Repu, Chad, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaïre

Introduced into:

Alabama, Albania, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arkansas, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil South, Burkina, Cambodia, Canary Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Illinois, India, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Korea, Laos, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Malawi, Mali, Maluku, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, New York, Nicobar Is., North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Oklahoma, Pakistan, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, South Carolina, Swaziland, Tadzhikistan, Texas, Thailand, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkmenistan, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virginia, Windward Is., Zambia, Zimbabwe

English
Monkey apple

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
Ash, J. [1369], Ethiopia 34539.000
Ash, J. [881], Ethiopia 37862.000
Philcox, D. [4619], Brazil K001139562
Philcox, D. [3914], Brazil K001139563
Anderson, W.R. [9563], Brazil K001139557
Anderson, W.R. [9563], Brazil K001139561
Kummrow, R. [2458], Brazil K001139554
Usteri [93], Brazil K001139558
Jenman, G.S. [96], Suriname K001139559
Campbell, D.G. [P22167], Brazil K001139569
Balée, W.L. [906], Brazil K001139566
Balée, W.L. [951], Brazil K001139567
Balée, W.L. [817], Brazil K001139568
Miers [20332], Brazil K001139564
Skorupa, L.A. [371], Brazil K001139553
Burchell [9693-2], Brazil K001139565
Paciornik, E. [255], Brazil K001139555
Paciornik, E. [255], Brazil K001139556
Bernoulli, K.G. [2849], Guatemala K001139560
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6719] Cucurbita lagenaria K001124661
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6719] Cucurbita lagenaria K001124662
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6719] Cucurbita lagenaria K001124663
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6719], Bangladesh Cucurbita lagenaria K001124664
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6719] Cucurbita lagenaria K001124665

First published in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 3: 435 (1930)

Accepted by

  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2016). Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 6 Willdenowia 46: 423-442.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2015). Flora of North America North of Mexico 6: 1-468. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Scholz, S. & al. (2013). 150.- Adiciones a la flora vascular de Fuerteventura (islas Canarias) III Botánica Macaronésica 28: 99-116.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Rebnner, S.S. & Pandey, A.K. (2013). The Cucurbitaceae of India: Accepted names, synonyms, geographic distribution, and information on images and DNA sequences PhytoKeys 20: 53-118.
  • Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • de Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.B.E. (2010). Flora Malesiana 19: 1-342. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae) Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo) Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • de Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2008). Flora of Thailand 9(4): 411-546. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2008). The edible Cucurbitaceae of Thailand and Malesia and the wild forms of the cultivated ones Sandakania 17: 43-91.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh l?c các loài th?c v?t Vi?t Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà N?i : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha (2000). Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 85: 1-246.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2 Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1993). Flora of Somalia 1: 1-493. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 90-106: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Ovchinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1988). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 9: 1-568. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Nazimuddin, S. & Naqvi, S.S.H. (1984). Flora of Pakistan 154: 1-56. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • (1982). Flora of Australia 8: 1-420. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Launert, E. (ed.) (1978). Flora Zambesiaca 4: 1-658. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Keraudren-Aymonin, M. (1975). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi), Cucurbitaceae: 1-152. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Jeffrey, C. (1967). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Cucurbitaceae: 1-156.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.

Literature

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago Bot. Ser. 3: 435 (1930).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2016). Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 6 Willdenowia 46: 423-442.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2015). Flora of North America North of Mexico 6: 1-468. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Scholz, S. & al. (2013). 150.- Adiciones a la flora vascular de Fuerteventura (islas Canarias) III Botánica Macaronésica 28: 99-116.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Rebnner, S.S. & Pandey, A.K. (2013). The Cucurbitaceae of India: Accepted names, synonyms, geographic distribution, and information on images and DNA sequences PhytoKeys 20: 53-118.
  • Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae) Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo) Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • de Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2008). Flora of Thailand 9(4): 411-546. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2008). The edible Cucurbitaceae of Thailand and Malesia and the wild forms of the cultivated ones Sandakania 17: 43-91.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
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Flora of Tropical East Africa

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