- Family: Poaceae Barnhart
Themeda Forssk.
[GB]
nonem
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual (3), or perennial (24). Rhizomes absent (26), or elongated (1). Culms erect (20/23), or geniculately ascending (7/23), or decumbent (1/23); robust (9/11), or slender (2/11); 15-152.2-600 cm long; firm (26), or wiry (1); without nodal roots (1/3), or with prop roots (2/3), or rooting from lower nodes (1/3). Culm-internodes terete (2/3), or elliptical in section (1/3). Lateral branches lacking (1/5), or ample (4/5). Ligule an eciliate membrane (9), or a ciliolate membrane (17), or absent (1). Leaf-blade base without a false petiole (26), or with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath (1). Leaf-blades linear, or lanceolate (1); stiff (2), or firm (23), or flaccid (2). Leaf-blade midrib conspicuous (2/5), or widened (3/5).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Synflorescence simple (1), or compound (26); scanty (4/26), or linear (3/26), or paniculate (10/26), or fasciculate (9/26). Inflorescence composed of racemes; terminal (1), or terminal and axillary (26); not deciduous as a whole (25), or deciduous as a whole (2); subtended by a spatheole; exserted (3), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (2), or enclosed (23). Spatheole linear (6), or lanceolate (24), or ovate (1); scarious (25/25). Racemes single; oblong (8), or ovate (1), or cuneate (18); bearing a triad of spikelets (2), or few fertile spikelets (25); bearing 1 fertile spikelets on each (14), or 2 fertile spikelets on each (17), or 3 fertile spikelets on each (3), or 4 fertile spikelets on each (2). Rhachis tough (2), or fragile at the nodes (25). Rhachis internodes indefinite (21), or linear (6). Spikelets in pairs (17), or in threes (16). Fertile spikelets sessile; 1 in the cluster (26), or 2-3 in the cluster (1). Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled; 1 in the cluster (18), or 2 in the cluster (16). Pedicels linear (1), or oblong (26); tip oblique (11/11).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Basal sterile spikelets represented by a single scale (1), or well-developed (26); forming an involucre about the fertile; persistent (25), or deciduous with the fertile (2). Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; deciduous with the fertile (3), or separately deciduous (24). Companion sterile spikelet callus indistinct (1), or oblong (4), or linear (22). Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate (1), or elliptic (23), or oblong (3); subterete (22), or dorsally compressed (5); 2.5-7.134-17 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus brief (1), or square (1), or oblong (10), or cuneate (9), or linear (6); pubescent (4/24), or pilose (3/24), or bearded (17/24); base obtuse (9/26), or acute (5/26), or pungent (12/26); attached obliquely.
- Sterile
- Basal sterile spikelets represented by a single scale (1), or well-developed (26); forming an involucre about the fertile; persistent (25), or deciduous with the fertile (2). Companion sterile spikelets well-developed; deciduous with the fertile (3), or separately deciduous (24). Companion sterile spikelet callus indistinct (1), or oblong (4), or linear (22).
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate (1), or elliptic (23), or oblong (3); subterete (22), or dorsally compressed (5); 2.5-7.134-17 mm long; falling entire; deciduous with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus brief (1), or square (1), or oblong (10), or cuneate (9), or linear (6); pubescent (4/24), or pilose (3/24), or bearded (17/24); base obtuse (9/26), or acute (5/26), or pungent (12/26); attached obliquely.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate (2), or oblong (24), or ovate (1); chartaceous (1), or cartilaginous (1), or coriaceous (25); without keels; 1 -veined (1/12), or 5 -veined (2/12), or 6 -veined (1/12), or 7 -veined (4/12), or 8 -veined (3/12), or 9 -veined (5/12), or 10 -veined (1/12), or 11 -veined (4/12). Lower glume lateral veins absent (1), or distinct (26). Lower glume surface convex (21), or flat (3), or concave (1), or with a longitudinal median groove (2); smooth (23), or asperulous (2), or scabrous (2); glabrous (9), or puberulous (5), or pubescent (10), or pilose (2), or hirsute (2), or villous (1), or hispidulous (1). Lower glume apex truncate (6/18), or obtuse (10/18), or acute (2/18). Upper glume lanceolate (2), or oblong (25); chartaceous (2/16), or cartilaginous (1/16), or coriaceous (13/16); with undifferentiated margins (26), or membranous margins (1); 2-keeled (1/1); 3 -veined (14/14), or 4-5 -veined (1/14). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (25), or ciliate (2). Upper glume surface glabrous (24), or pubescent (1), or pilose (1), or villous (1). Upper glume apex truncate (4/5), or acute (1/5).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret linear (1), or lanceolate (12), or elliptic (1), or oblong (11), or ovate (2); hyaline; 0 -veined (3/6), or 1 -veined (2/6), or 3-5 -veined (1/6); acute (1/1). Fertile florets bisexual (25), or female (2). Fertile lemma linear (21), or lanceolate (5), or oblong (1); hyaline; without keel; 1 -veined. Lemma apex acute (3/3); muticous (4), or awned (25); 1 -awned (25/25). Principal lemma awn straight (2/25), or geniculate (23/25), or bigeniculate (1/25). Column of lemma awn glabrous (2/23), or hispidulous (11/23), or puberulous (6/23), or pubescent (1/23), or hirtellous (2/23), or hirsute (1/23). Palea present (1), or absent or minute (26); hyaline (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Lodicules 1 (1/2), or 2 (1/2). Anthers 3 (8/8).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (1/1).
- Distribution
- Africa (3), or Temperate Asia (14), or Tropical Asia (22), or Australasia (5), or Pacific (6), or North America (1), or South America (2).
[FTEA]
Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips And S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974
- Morphology General Habit
- Annuals or perennials
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-blades linear; ligule very short, membranous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence composed of solitary racemes embraced by sheathing spatheoles, these single or in little bunches on flexuous peduncles, and gathered into a leafy false panicle; racemes comprising 2 homogamous pairs forming a sort of involucre, and 1–4 sessile spikelets with their pedicelled attendants; internodes linear
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Homogamous spikelets all sessile, persistent. Sessile spikelet terete; callus obtuse to pungent; lower glume coriaceous, rarely grooved, obtuse; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma stipitiform and passing directly into a puberulous or pubescent awn, or hyaline and awnless Pedicelled spikelet ♂ or barren, narrowly lanceolate, awnless, with a long slender callus as long as or longer than the true pedicel (this often reduced to a little stump).
- Sessile
- Homogamous spikelets all sessile, persistent. Sessile spikelet terete; callus obtuse to pungent; lower glume coriaceous, rarely grooved, obtuse; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma stipitiform and passing directly into a puberulous or pubescent awn, or hyaline and awnless
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis lanceolate, channelled on one side
- Pedicelled
- Pedicelled spikelet ♂ or barren, narrowly lanceolate, awnless, with a long slender callus as long as or longer than the true pedicel (this often reduced to a little stump).
[FSOM]
M. Thulin. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1–4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Distribution
- 18 species in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but mainly in Asia.
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual or perennial; ligule very short, membranous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence composed of solitary racemes embraced by sheathing spatheoles, these sometimes single but mostly in fan-shaped bunches on flexuous pedicels and gathered into a leafy false panicle; racemes comprising 2 homogamous spikelet-pairs forming an involucre, and 1–4 sessile spikelets with their pedicelled attendants; internodes linear
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Pedicelled spikelet male or barren, narrowly lanceolate, awnless, with a long slender callus as long as or longer than the true pedicel (this often reduced to a minute stump. Homogamous spikelets all sessile, persistent Sessile spikelet subterete or dorsally compressed; callus obtuse to pungent; lower glume coriaceous, obtuse; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma stipitiform and passing directly into the awn, rarely hyaline and awnless; caryopsis lanceolate, channelled on one side
[FZ]
Gramineae, T. A. Cope. Flora Zambesiaca 10:4. 2002
- Morphology General Habit
- Annuals or perennials.
- Morphology Leaves Ligules
- Ligule very short, membranous; leaf laminas linear.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence composed of solitary racemes embraced by colourful sheathing spatheoles, the racemes single or more often densely packed in fan-shaped clusters on a flexuous peduncle and gathered into a leafy false compound panicle; racemes comprising 2 homogamous spikelet pairs forming a sort of involucre, and 1–4 sessile spikelets with their pedicelled attendants; internodes linear.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis lanceolate, channelled on one side.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Pedicelled spikelet male or barren, narrowly lanceolate, awnless, with a long slender callus as long as or longer than the true pedicel (this often reduced to a little stump). Sessile spikelet terete or dorsally compressed; callus obtuse to pungent; inferior glume coriaceous, not grooved, obtuse at the apex; inferior floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; superior lemma stipitiform and passing directly into a puberulous or pubescent awn, or hyaline and awnless. Homogamous spikelets all sessile, the pairs separated by a short internode, persistent.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Djibouti, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Ghana, Guinea, Hainan, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Socotra, Solomon Is., Somalia, South Australia, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Taiwan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Vanuatu, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Brazil South, California, Comoros, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Florida, France, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Iraq, Jamaica, Kansas, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Maryland, Mauritius, Mexico Central, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Seychelles, Virginia, Windward Is.
- Themeda anathera (Nees ex Steud.) Hack.
- Themeda arguens (L.) Hack.
- Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A.Camus
- Themeda avenacea (F.Muell.) T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.
- Themeda caudata (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) A.Camus
- Themeda cymbaria Hack.
- Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. ex Duthie
- Themeda helferi Hack.
- Themeda hookeri (Griseb.) A.Camus
- Themeda huttonensis Bor
- Themeda idjenensis Jansen
- Themeda intermedia (Hack.) Bor
- Themeda laxa (Andersson) A.Camus
- Themeda minor L.Liu
- Themeda mooneyi Bor
- Themeda novoguineensis (Reeder) Jansen
- Themeda odishae Chorghe, K.Prasad, Prasanna & Y.V.Rao
- Themeda palakkadensis Chorghe, K.Prasad & Lakshmin.
- Themeda polycephala Veldkamp
- Themeda pseudotremula Potdar, Salunkhe & S.R.Yadav
- Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze
- Themeda sabarimalayana Sreek. & V.J.Nair
- Themeda saxicola Bor
- Themeda strigosa (Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f.) A.Camus
- Themeda tremula (Nees ex Steud.) Hack.
- Themeda triandra Forssk.
- Themeda trichiata S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang
- Themeda unica S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang
- Themeda villosa (Lam.) A.Camus
- Themeda yunnanensis S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang
Themeda Forssk. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8764], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131580 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8764], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131581 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8764], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131582 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8772], India | Anthistiria | K001131600 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8772], Nepal | Anthistiria | K001131601 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8772], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131602 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8774], Nepal | Anthistiria | K001131604 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8774], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131605 | ||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8775], Nepal | Anthistiria | K001131606 | ||
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 8764], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131583 | ||
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 8764], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131584 | ||
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 8776], India | Anthistiria | K001131607 | ||
Singh, B. [Cat. no. 8764], Nepal | Anthistiria | K001131578 | ||
Singh, B. [Cat. no. 8764], Nepal | Anthistiria | K001131579 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763] | Anthistiria | K001131562 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763] | Anthistiria | K001131563 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763], India | Anthistiria | K001131564 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763], India | Anthistiria | K001131565 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763], India | Anthistiria | K001131566 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763] | Anthistiria | K001131567 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763] | Anthistiria | K001131568 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763] | Anthistiria | K001131569 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8763] | Anthistiria | K001131570 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764] | Anthistiria | K001131571 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764] | Anthistiria | K001131572 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764], Mauritius | Anthistiria | K001131573 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764] | Anthistiria | K001131574 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764], Mauritius | Anthistiria | K001131575 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764], India | Anthistiria | K001131576 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8764], India | Anthistiria | K001131577 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8765] | Anthistiria | K001131585 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8766] | Anthistiria | K001131586 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8766] | Anthistiria | K001131587 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8767] | Anthistiria | K001131588 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8767] | Anthistiria | K001131589 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8767], India | Anthistiria | K001131590 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8767] | Anthistiria | K001131591 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8767] | Anthistiria | K001131592 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8768] | Anthistiria | K001131593 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8768] | Anthistiria | K001131594 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8771], India | Anthistiria | K001131597 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8771] | Anthistiria | K001131598 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8771] | Anthistiria | K001131599 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8773] | Anthistiria | K001131603 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8776] | Anthistiria | K001131608 | ||
Akkul, M. [Cat. no. 8769], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131595 | ||
Akkul, M. [Cat. no. 8770], Myanmar | Anthistiria | K001131596 |
First published in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R.H.A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- F.T.A. 9: 415 (1919).
- Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178 (1775)
Flora Zambesiaca
- Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775).
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by T. A. Cope [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775)
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0