- Family: Lamiaceae Martinov
Monarda L.
[LKGF]
Harley, R.M. et al. (2004). Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
- Morphology General Habit
- Rhizomatous perennial herbs or taprooted annuals or biennials (rarely low shrubs), aromatic, with simple hairs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves petiolate to subsessile, ovate to lanceolate, elliptic or linear, serrate to denticulate (rarely entire)
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence terminal or in verticillasters, of involucrate glomerules
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts
- Bracts sometimes brightly colored
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers subsessile
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracteoles
- Bracteoles absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx actinomorphic, not accrescent, cylindrical, 13-15-nerved, 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate to subulate or aristate, often setose, throat usually hairy
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla white to purple, red, or yellow, 2-lipped, posterior lip narrow, concave, entire or bifid, sometimes apically bearded, anterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe longest, tube straight or curved, corolla in bud falcate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 2 fertile (posterior pair reduced to staminodes or absent), included or slightly exserted, filaments usually pubescent, anthers usually lightly fused (coherent but easily separated), thecae divaricate, separate at dehiscence
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
- Stigma-lobes usually unequal
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disc symmetrical
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Nutlets ovoid to obloid, obscurely trigonal, smooth, glabrous.
- Note
- 2n = 18, 22, 36 (rarely 24, 32, 34). About 20 species. Two subgenera are recognized (McClintock and Epling 1942; Scora 1967): Glomerules usually solitary (rarely two), terminal; upper lip of corolla straight to only slightly arcuate; stamens exserted; rh
- Distribution
- Southern Canada to Southern Mexico
[FTEA]
Lamiaceae (Labiatae), A.J. Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R.M. Polhill, Y.B. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P.B. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C.W. Lukhoba, D.F. Otieno, & R.M. Harley. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2009
- Morphology General
- This genus is endemic to North America, cultivated as an ornamental
- Note
- Jex-Blake does not give a species level determination, and no material has been seen, but the two most commonly cultivated are M fistulosa L and M didyma L which also hybridize and have given rise to numerous cultivars No specimens seen.
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial herbs to 1.5 m tall
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate, up to 15 cm long, serrate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a many-flowered terminal whorl, surrounded by bracts
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx tubular, actinomorphic with equal teeth
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla tubular, two-lipped
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 2, ascending under upper lip.
Native to:
Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas, Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Introduced into:
Austria, Central European Rus
- Monarda austroappalachiana Floden
- Monarda bartlettii Standl.
- Monarda bradburiana Beck
- Monarda brevis (Fosberg & Artz) Floden
- Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.
- Monarda clinopodia L.
- Monarda clinopodioides A.Gray
- Monarda didyma L.
- Monarda eplingiana Standl.
- Monarda fistulosa L.
- Monarda fruticulosa Epling
- Monarda humilis (Torr.) Prather & J.A.Keith
- Monarda lindheimeri Engelm. & A.Gray
- Monarda luteola Singhurst & W.C.Holmes
- Monarda maritima (Cory) Correll
- Monarda media Willd.
- Monarda × medioides W.H.Duncan
- Monarda pectinata Nutt.
- Monarda pringlei Fernald
- Monarda punctata L.
- Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims
- Monarda stanfieldii Small
- Monarda viridissima Correll
Monarda L. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Sp. Pl.: 22 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Jex-Blake, Gard. E. Afr., ed. 4: 88 (1957)
Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets
- Cheilyctis (Raf.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 163 (1838).
- Cheilyctis Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 726 (1835).
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 14 (1754)
- Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev AL, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, de Kok RPJ, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton AJ, Ryding O, and Upson T. 2004. Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Sp
- Monarda L., Sp. Pl. 1: 22 (1753)
- Scora, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41: 1-59 (1967), rev.
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Science Photographs
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets
Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley and Don Kirkup, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0