- Family: Lamiaceae Martinov
Monarda L.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is N. America.
Descriptions
According to Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets
[LKGF]Harley, R.M. et al. (2004). Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
- Habit
- Rhizomatous perennial herbs or taprooted annuals or biennials (rarely low shrubs), aromatic, with simple hairs
- Leaves
- Leaves petiolate to subsessile, ovate to lanceolate, elliptic or linear, serrate to denticulate (rarely entire)
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence terminal or in verticillasters, of involucrate glomerules
- Bracts
- Bracts sometimes brightly colored
- Flowers
- Flowers subsessile
- Bracteoles
- Bracteoles absent
- Calyx
- Calyx actinomorphic, not accrescent, cylindrical, 13-15-nerved, 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate to subulate or aristate, often setose, throat usually hairy
- Corolla
- Corolla white to purple, red, or yellow, 2-lipped, posterior lip narrow, concave, entire or bifid, sometimes apically bearded, anterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe longest, tube straight or curved, corolla in bud falcate
- Stamens
- Stamens 2 fertile (posterior pair reduced to staminodes or absent), included or slightly exserted, filaments usually pubescent, anthers usually lightly fused (coherent but easily separated), thecae divaricate, separate at dehiscence
- Stigma
- Stigma-lobes usually unequal
- Disc
- Disc symmetrical
- Fruits
- Nutlets ovoid to obloid, obscurely trigonal, smooth, glabrous.
- Note
- 2n = 18, 22, 36 (rarely 24, 32, 34). About 20 species. Two subgenera are recognized (McClintock and Epling 1942; Scora 1967): Glomerules usually solitary (rarely two), terminal; upper lip of corolla straight to only slightly arcuate; stamens exserted; rh
- Distribution
- Southern Canada to Southern Mexico
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Lamiaceae (Labiatae), A.J. Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R.M. Polhill, Y.B. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P.B. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C.W. Lukhoba, D.F. Otieno, & R.M. Harley. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2009
- General
- This genus is endemic to North America, cultivated as an ornamental
- Note
- Jex-Blake does not give a species level determination, and no material has been seen, but the two most commonly cultivated are M fistulosa L and M didyma L which also hybridize and have given rise to numerous cultivars No specimens seen.
- Habit
- Perennial herbs to 1.5 m tall
- Leaves
- Leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate, up to 15 cm long, serrate
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a many-flowered terminal whorl, surrounded by bracts
- Calyx
- Calyx tubular, actinomorphic with equal teeth
- Corolla
- Corolla tubular, two-lipped
- Stamens
- Stamens 2, ascending under upper lip.
Uses
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas, Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Masachusettes, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Introduced into:
Austria, Central European Rus
Accepted Species
- Monarda austroappalachiana Floden
- Monarda bartlettii Standl.
- Monarda bradburiana Beck
- Monarda brevis (Fosberg & Artz) Floden
- Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.
- Monarda clinopodia L.
- Monarda clinopodioides A.Gray
- Monarda didyma L.
- Monarda eplingiana Standl.
- Monarda fistulosa L.
- Monarda fruticulosa Epling
- Monarda humilis (Torr.) Prather & J.A.Keith
- Monarda lindheimeri Engelm. & A.Gray
- Monarda luteola Singhurst & W.C.Holmes
- Monarda maritima (Cory) Correll
- Monarda media Willd.
- Monarda × medioides W.H.Duncan
- Monarda pectinata Nutt.
- Monarda pringlei Fernald
- Monarda punctata L.
- Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims
- Monarda stanfieldii Small
- Monarda viridissima Correll
Synonyms
Other Data
Monarda L. appears in other Kew resources:
Bibliography
First published in Sp. Pl.: 22 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Jex-Blake, Gard. E. Afr., ed. 4: 88 (1957)
Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets
- Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev AL, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, de Kok RPJ, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton AJ, Ryding O, and Upson T. 2004. Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Sp
- Scora, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41: 1-59 (1967), rev.
- Cheilyctis (Raf.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 163 (1838).
- Cheilyctis Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 726 (1835).
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 14 (1754)
- Monarda L., Sp. Pl. 1: 22 (1753)
Sources
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets
Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley and Don Kirkup, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0