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  1. Family: Lamiaceae Martinov

    1. Monarda L.

        2. This genus is accepted, and its native range is N. America.

    [LKGF]

    Harley, R.M. et al. (2004). Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

    Habit
    Rhizomatous perennial herbs or taprooted annuals or biennials (rarely low shrubs), aromatic, with simple hairs
    Leaves
    Leaves petiolate to subsessile, ovate to lanceolate, elliptic or linear, serrate to denticulate (rarely entire)
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescence terminal or in verticillasters, of involucrate glomerules
    Bracts
    Bracts sometimes brightly colored
    Flowers
    Flowers subsessile
    Bracteoles
    Bracteoles absent
    Calyx
    Calyx actinomorphic, not accrescent, cylindrical, 13-15-nerved, 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate to subulate or aristate, often setose, throat usually hairy
    Corolla
    Corolla white to purple, red, or yellow, 2-lipped, posterior lip narrow, concave, entire or bifid, sometimes apically bearded, anterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe longest, tube straight or curved, corolla in bud falcate
    Stamens
    Stamens 2 fertile (posterior pair reduced to staminodes or absent), included or slightly exserted, filaments usually pubescent, anthers usually lightly fused (coherent but easily separated), thecae divaricate, separate at dehiscence
    Stigma
    Stigma-lobes usually unequal
    Disc
    Disc symmetrical
    Fruits
    Nutlets ovoid to obloid, obscurely trigonal, smooth, glabrous.
    Note
    2n = 18, 22, 36 (rarely 24, 32, 34).  About 20 species. Two subgenera are recognized (McClintock and Epling 1942; Scora 1967): Glomerules usually solitary (rarely two), terminal; upper lip of corolla straight to only slightly arcuate; stamens exserted; rh
    Distribution
    Southern Canada to Southern Mexico
    [FTEA]

    Lamiaceae (Labiatae), A.J. Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R.M. Polhill, Y.B. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P.B. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C.W. Lukhoba, D.F. Otieno, & R.M. Harley. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2009

    General
    This genus is endemic to North America, cultivated as an ornamental
    Note
    Jex-Blake does not give a species level determination, and no material has been seen, but the two most commonly cultivated are M fistulosa L and M didyma L which also hybridize and have given rise to numerous cultivars No specimens seen.
    Habit
    Perennial herbs to 1.5 m tall
    Leaves
    Leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate, up to 15 cm long, serrate
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescence a many-flowered terminal whorl, surrounded by bracts
    Calyx
    Calyx tubular, actinomorphic with equal teeth
    Corolla
    Corolla tubular, two-lipped
    Stamens
    Stamens 2, ascending under upper lip.
    [LKGF]
    Use
    Some species widely grown as ornamentals.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas, Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

    Introduced into:

    Austria, Central European Rus

    Accepted Species

    Synonyms

    Other Data

    Monarda L. appears in other Kew resources:

    Bibliography

    First published in Sp. Pl.: 22 (1753)

    Accepted by

    • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Literature

    Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Jex-Blake, Gard. E. Afr., ed. 4: 88 (1957)

    Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets

    • Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev AL, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, de Kok RPJ, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton AJ, Ryding O, and Upson T. 2004. Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Sp
    • Scora, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41: 1-59 (1967), rev.
    • Cheilyctis (Raf.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 163 (1838).
    • Cheilyctis Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 726 (1835).
    • Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 14 (1754)
    • Monarda L., Sp. Pl. 1: 22 (1753)

    Sources

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Lamiaceae Key Genus Fact Sheets
    Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley and Don Kirkup, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0