- Family: Fabaceae Lindl.
Ononis L.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Annuals or perennials, usually glandular-hairy
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves usually 3-foliolate; leaflets usually toothed; stipules adnate to the petiole
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Flowers in panicles, spikes or racemes
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Filaments
- Filaments all united
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Pod dehiscent.
- Distribution
- Some 80-90 species radiating from the Mediterranean region.
[LOWO]
Legumes of the World. Edited by G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. MacKinder & M. Lock. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2005)
- Note
-
Trifolieae forms a morphologically distinctive tribe, although the position of both Ononis and Parochetus has been questioned (see below). In total there are 6 genera and c. 485 species, of which more than half belong to Trifolium (Fig. 56). The distribution of the tribe is centred in the N temperate regions of the Old World, particularly in areas of winter rainfall. Trifolium itself has spread into the tropics on mountains, where there has been considerable diversification, particularly in Ethiopia. It is also the only genus of the tribe to occur naturally in the New World. Parochetus occurs only on palaeotropical mountains. The importance of some genera as fodder legumes, particularly Trifolium and Medicago, has led to their introduction to many parts of the world.
Ononis was placed in a tribe of its own, Ononideae, by Hutchinson (1964) and this has been followed by some (e.g., Yakovlev et al., 1996). The distinctness of Parochetus (and of Ononis) was emphasised by Small & Jomphe (1989), and Chaudhary & Sanjappa (1998a) have placed Parochetus in its own subtribe Parochetinae.
Within the core of Trifolieae, there are some problems in generic delimitation, particularly between Trigonella, Medicago and Melilotus, with some (e.g., Yakovlev et al., 1996) recognising the intermediate genus Melilotoides. Distinctive species here placed in Medicago have been variously segregated as Radiata (Pseudomelissitus), Rhodusia, Crimea, Kamiella and Factorovskya. This treatment follows Small (1987) and Small et al. (1987) in recognising an expanded Medicago including all those species with explosively tripping flowers. In Trifolium, on the other hand, the generic boundaries are reasonably clear, but the unit can be treated either as a large genus with several well-defined sections (the course followed here), or as the separate genera Amoria, Chrysaspis, Lupinaster and Trifolium sens. strict. (see below).
Trifolieae forms part of the ‘temperate epulvinate series’ of Polhill (1981a). In the same volume Heyn (1981) was unable to suggest a clear relationship to any other tribe. The morphological cladistic analysis of the whole family by Chappill (1995) placed Trifolieae next to Cicer. Kupicha (1977) had earlier suggested that Cicer is closest to Trifolieae, with the adnation of the stipules to the petiole in Trifolieae being the only differential character; the tribes Cicereae and Trifolieae also share the characters of long-stalked glandular hairs and serrate leaflets with craspedodromous venation. Doyle (1995) placed Trifolieae, along with Carmichaelieae, Cicereae, Galegeae, Hedysareae, Fabeae and some Millettieae in a group characterised by the loss of the inverted repeat (IR) (Liston, 1995). Endo & Ohashi (1997) placed Trifolieae as sister to the Cicereae and Fabeae (as Vicieae) in a cladistic analysis based on a range of non-molecular characters. Wojciechowski et al. (2000) distinguish a Vicioid clade that includes Trifolieae, Cicereae and Fabeae (as Vicieae), as well as Galega. Within this clade, Parochetus is basally branching to the rest of the taxa, and Galega plus Cicereae form a sister group to a paraphyletic Trifolieae, with Fabeae emerging as sister to Trifolium. In a clade sister to Trifolium and Fabeae, Wojciechowski et al. (2000) and Steele & Wojciechowski (2003) place Ononis basally branching to the sister monophyletic clades Medicago, and Melilotus-Trigonella (Fig. 56). The latter three genera comprise tribe Trigonelleae of Schulz (1901).
Given that molecular phylogenies do not support a monophyletic Trifolieae in its current form, further study may reinforce the pattern of relationships suggested so far by these analyses. A tribe Trigonelleae could be recognised including the genus Ononis, and tribe Trifolieae would then only include the genus Trifolium, sister to tribe Fabeae. The Trifolieae in its broader paraphyletic sense is maintained here pending further study. The ‘supertree’ of Wojciechowski et al. (2001) is not supportive of the segregate genera of Trifolium; more thorough sampling of Trifolium and other large genera is desirable before any final conclusions can be drawn.
Sometimes placed in the separate tribe Ononideae Hutch. because of its monadelphous stamens and dimorphic anthers (by, e.g., Yakovlev et al. (1996) and Devesa in Talavera et al. (2000)) - Habit
- Herbs or shrubs
- Ecology
- Temperate, warm temperate and mediterranean grassland and shrubland
- Distribution
- Europe, principally in the Mediterranean region (including N Africa south to the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya), Macaronesia, W Asia east to S Siberia, China and W Himalaya
>
[LOWO]
- Use
- Used as ornamentals, forage, human food, bee plants, dyes and medicine (e.g., O. spinosa L., or spiny restharrow and O. repens L., or common restharrow )
Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Mauritania, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European R, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Somalia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Illinois, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Queensland, Tasmania, Uruguay, Victoria
- Ononis adenotricha Boiss.
- Ononis afghanica irj. & Rech.f.
- Ononis alba Poir.
- Ononis alopecuroides L.
- Ononis angustissima Lam.
- Ononis antennata Pomel
- Ononis aragonensis Asso
- Ononis arvensis L.
- Ononis atlantica Ball
- Ononis aurasiaca Förther & Podlech
- Ononis avellana Pomel
- Ononis azcaratei Devesa
- Ononis baetica Clemente
- Ononis basiadnata Hub.-Mor.
- Ononis biflora Desf.
- Ononis broteroana Ser.
- Ononis catalinae Reyes-Bet. & S.Scholz
- Ononis cephalantha Pomel
- Ononis cephalotes Boiss.
- Ononis christii Bolle
- Ononis cintrana Brot.
- Ononis clausonis (Pomel) Pomel
- Ononis cossoniana Boiss. & Reut.
- Ononis costae Menezes
- Ononis crinita Pomel
- Ononis crispa L.
- Ononis cristata Mill.
- Ononis cuatrecasasii Devesa
- Ononis dentata Sol. ex Lowe
- Ononis diffusa Ten.
- Ononis euphrasiifolia Desf.
- Ononis filicaulis Salzm. ex Boiss.
- Ononis fruticosa L.
- Ononis gines-lopezii Devesa
- Ononis hebecarpa Webb & Berthel.
- Ononis hirta Desf. ex Poir.
- Ononis hispida Desf.
- Ononis incisa Coss. & Durieu ex Batt.
- Ononis intermedia C.A.Mey. ex Rouy
- Ononis jahandiezii Maire & Weiller
- Ononis laxiflora Desf.
- Ononis leucotricha Coss.
- Ononis macrosperma Hub.-Mor.
- Ononis maweana Ball
- Ononis megalostachys Munby
- Ononis minutissima L.
- Ononis mitissima L.
- Ononis mogadorensis Förther & Podlech
- Ononis natrix L.
- Ononis nuristanica Podlech
- Ononis oligophylla Ten.
- Ononis ornithopodioides L.
- Ononis pedicellaris (Batt.) irj.
- Ononis pendula Desf.
- Ononis peyerimhoffii Batt.
- Ononis phyllocephala Boiss.
- Ononis pinnata Brot.
- Ononis polyphylla Ball
- Ononis polysperma Barratte & Murb.
- Ononis pseudoserotina Batt. & Pit.
- Ononis pubescens L.
- Ononis pusilla L.
- Ononis ramosissima Desf.
- Ononis reclinata L.
- Ononis reuteri Boiss.
- Ononis rosea Durieu
- Ononis rotundifolia L.
- Ononis × schouwii Ser.
- Ononis serotina Pomel
- Ononis serrata Forssk.
- Ononis sessilifolia Bornm.
- Ononis sicula Guss.
- Ononis sieberi Besser ex DC.
- Ononis speciosa Lag.
- Ononis spinosa L.
- Ononis striata Gouan
- Ononis talaverae Devesa & G.López
- Ononis tazaensis Förther & Podlech
- Ononis thomsonii Ball ex Oliv.
- Ononis tournefortii Coss.
- Ononis tridentata L.
- Ononis unifoliolata Dobignard, Jacquemoud & Jeanm.
- Ononis vaginalis Vahl
- Ononis varelae Devesa
- Ononis variegata L.
- Ononis verae irj.
- Ononis villosissima Desf.
- Ononis viscosa L.
- Ononis zygantha Maire & Wilczek
Ononis L. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Sp. Pl.: 716 (1753)
Accepted by
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Literature
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Legumes of the World Online
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0