- Family: Violaceae Batsch
Viola L.
This genus is accepted, and is native to Europe, Asia-Tropical, Africa, Falkland Island, Hawaii, Southern America, Northern America, Australasia and Asia-Temperate..
[FSOM]
M. Thulin. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1–4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Distribution
- Over 400 species, throughout the world, but particularly in northern temperate regions.
- Habit
- Herbs or rarely subshrubs
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate; stipules entire to variously toothed, sometimes leafy
- Flowers
- Flowers solitary, zygomorphic; pedicels with a pair of small bracteoles
- Calyx
- Sepals ± equal-Petals unequal, the lowermost (the lip) usually larger and with a spur directed backwards
- Stamens
- Stamens with very short free filaments and free or slightly united anthers; connective-appendages entire; lower 2 anthers each with a nectar-secreting appendage extending into the spur
- Ovary
- Ovary generally with numerous ovules; style usually deflexed downwards and thickened towards the tip
- Fruits
- Fruit a 3-valved capsule
- Seeds
- Seeds usually smooth, with or without an aril.
[FZ]
Violaceae, N. K. B. Robson. Flora Zambesiaca 1:1. 1960
- Habit
- Herbs, rarely shrublets.
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, petiolate, usually ± serrate; stipules sometimes foliaceous, persistent.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence almost always of single flowers in the leaf axils; pedicels not articulated.
- Flowers
- Flowers zygomorphic.
- Calyx
- Sepals almost equal, usually with a basal appendage (± absent in V. abyssinica).
- Corolla
- Petals unequal, the anterior usually larger than the others with a basal spur of varying length, blue or purple to yellow or white but always yellow at the base.
- Stamens
- Stamens with very short free filaments; anthers free or slightly coherent, with a ± thick dorsal prolongation of the connective ("connective-appendage"), and the ventral anthers with two appendages which extend into the spur and secrete nectar ("spur-appendages").
- Pistil
- Ovary with 3 placentas, each bearing numerous ovules; style usually bent downwards and ± thickened towards the apex, entire or with various appendages; stigma terminal, or apparently lateral when the style apex is reflexed.
- Fruits
- Fruit a loculicidal capsule with 3 contractile valves keeled and thickened along the sutures.
- Seeds
- Seeds globose-ovoid, usually smooth, with abundant endosperm and with or without a thickened aril.
[FTEA]
Violaceae, C. Grey-wilson. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1986
- Habit
- Herbs or rarely subshrubs
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, peiolate; stipules entire to variously toothed or lobed, sometimes foliaceous
- Flowers
- Flowers solitary, axillary, zygomorphic; pedicels with a pair of small bracteoles, generally above the middle
- Calyx
- Sepals ± equal, usually with a short basal appendage
- Corolla
- Petals unequal, the lowermost (the lip) usually larger, sometimes equal to or smaller than the other petals and with a short or long basal spur directed backwards
- Stamens
- Stamens with very short free filaments and free or slightly coherent anthers; connective-appendages entire, generally oblong or ovate; lower 2 anthers each with an appendage extending into the spur and which excretes nectar
- Pistil
- Ovary generally with numerous ovules; style usually deflexed downwards and thickened towards the tip
- Fruits
- Fruit a loculicidal capsule with 3 contractile valves
- Seeds
- Seeds usually smooth, with or without an aril.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burundi, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, Føroyar, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Hainan, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nigeria, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Réunion, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Argentina Northeast, Bermuda, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, KwaZulu-Natal, Puerto Rico, Sinai, Trinidad-Tobago, Tristan da Cunha
- Viola abbreviata J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola abulensis Fern.Casado & Nava
- Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.
- Viola acanthophylla Leyb. ex Reiche
- Viola accrescens Klokov
- Viola acrocerauniensis Erben
- Viola acuminata Ledeb.
- Viola acutifolia (Kar. & Kir.) W.Becker
- Viola adenothrix Hayata
- Viola × adriatica Freyn
- Viola × adulterina Godr.
- Viola adunca Sm.
- Viola aethnensis (Ging.) Strobl
- Viola aetolica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Viola affinis Leconte
- Viola aizoon Reiche
- Viola alaica Vved.
- Viola alba Besser
- Viola albanica Halácsy
- Viola albida Palib.
- Viola × albimaritima Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola × albovii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola alburnica Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola alexandrowiana (W.Becker) Juz.
- Viola alexejana Kamelin & Junussov
- Viola aliceae M.S.Baker
- Viola allchariensis Beck
- Viola alliariifolia Nakai
- Viola allochroa Botsch.
- Viola alpina Jacq.
- Viola altaica Ker Gawl.
- Viola amamiana Hatus.
- Viola ambigua Waldst. & Kit.
- Viola amiatina Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola amurica W.Becker
- Viola anagae Gilli
- Viola angkae Craib
- Viola angustifolia Phil.
- Viola anitae J.M.Watson
- Viola annamensis Baker f.
- Viola appalachiensis L.K.Henry
- Viola araucaniae W.Becker
- Viola arborescens L.
- Viola argentina W.Becker
- Viola arguta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
- Viola arsenica Beck
- Viola arvensis Murray
- Viola athois W.Becker
- Viola atropurpurea Leyb.
- Viola aurantiaca Leyb.
- Viola aurata Phil.
- Viola auricolor Skottsb.
- Viola auriculata Leyb.
- Viola austrosinensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola × awagatakensis T.Yamaz., I.Ito & Ageishi
- Viola × bachtschisaraensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola bakeri Greene
- Viola balansae Gagnep.
- Viola balcanica Delip.
- Viola bangii Rusby
- Viola banksii K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola baoshanensis W.S.Shu, W.Liu & C.Y.Lan
- Viola barhalensis G.Knoche & Marcussen
- Viola barkalovii Bezd.
- Viola barroetana W.Schaffn. ex Hemsl.
- Viola × bavarica Schrank
- Viola beamanii Calderón
- Viola beati J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola beckeriana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola beckiana Fiala ex Beck
- Viola beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray
- Viola belophylla Boissieu
- Viola bertolonii Pio
- Viola betonicifolia Sm.
- Viola bezdelevae Vorosch.
- Viola bhutanica H.Hara
- Viola biflora L.
- Viola binayensis Okamoto & K.Ueda
- Viola × bissellii House
- Viola bissetii Maxim.
- Viola blanda Willd.
- Viola blandiformis Nakai
- Viola × blaxlandiae J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola bocquetiana Yild.
- Viola boissieuana Makino
- Viola boliviana Britton
- Viola × borussica (Borbás) W.Becker
- Viola brachyceras Turcz.
- Viola brachypetala Gay
- Viola brachyphylla W.Becker
- Viola × braunii Borbás
- Viola breviflora Jungsim Lee & M.Kim
- Viola brevistipulata (Franch. & Sav.) W.Becker
- Viola bridgesii Britton
- Viola brittoniana Pollard
- Viola bubanii Timb.-Lagr.
- Viola bulbosa Maxim.
- Viola × burnatii Gremli
- Viola bustillosia Gay
- Viola calabra (A.Terracc.) Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola calcarata L.
- Viola calchaquiensis W.Becker
- Viola calcicola R.A.McCauley & H.E.Ballard
- Viola caleyana G.Don
- Viola cameleo H.Boissieu
- Viola canadensis L.
- Viola canescens Wall.
- Viola canina L.
- Viola cano-barbata Leyb.
- Viola capillaris Pers.
- Viola caspia (Rupr.) Freyn
- Viola cassinensis Strobl
- Viola cavillieri W.Becker
- Viola cazorlensis Gand.
- Viola cenisia L.
- Viola cephalonica Bornm.
- Viola cerasifolia A.St.-Hil.
- Viola cervatiana Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W.Becker
- Viola chamaedrys Leyb.
- Viola chamissoniana Ging.
- Viola changii J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
- Viola charlestonensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- Viola chassanica Kork.
- Viola cheeseana J.M.Watson
- Viola cheiranthifolia Bonpl.
- Viola chejuensis Y.N.Lee & Y.C.Oh
- Viola chelmea Boiss.
- Viola chiapasiensis W.Becker
- Viola × chrysantha Schrad. ex Rchb.
- Viola cilentana Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola cilicica Contandr. & Quézel
- Viola cinerea Boiss.
- Viola clauseniana M.S.Baker
- Viola cleistogamoides (L.G.Adams) Seppelt
- Viola cochranei H.E.Ballard
- Viola collina Besser
- Viola columnaris Skottsb.
- Viola comberi W.Becker
- Viola commersonii DC. ex Ging.
- Viola comollia Massara
- Viola concordifolia C.J.Wang
- Viola confertifolia C.C.Chang
- Viola congesta Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Viola × conjugens Greene
- Viola × consobrina House
- Viola × consocia House
- Viola × contempta Jord.
- Viola × cooperrideri H.E.Ballard
- Viola × cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein.
- Viola cornuta L.
- Viola coronifera W.Becker
- Viola corralensis Phil.
- Viola corsica Nyman
- Viola cotyledon Ging.
- Viola crassifolia Fenzl
- Viola crassiuscula Bory
- Viola cuatrecasasii L.B.Sm. & A.Fernández
- Viola cucullata Aiton
- Viola cuicochensis Hieron.
- Viola culminis F.Fen. & Moraldo
- Viola cuneata S.Watson
- Viola cunninghamii Hook.f.
- Viola curicoensis W.Becker
- Viola curtisiae (L.G.Adams) K.R.Thiele
- Viola cuspidifolia W.Becker
- Viola cyathiformis W.Becker
- Viola czemalensis Zuev
- Viola dacica Borbás
- Viola dactyloides Schult.
- Viola dalatensis Gagnep.
- Viola dandoisiorum J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola danielae Pînzaru
- Viola dasyphylla W.Becker
- Viola davidii Franch.
- Viola × davisii House
- Viola decipiens Reiche
- Viola declinata Waldst. & Kit.
- Viola decumbens L.f.
- Viola delavayi Franch.
- Viola delphinantha Boiss.
- Viola demetria Prolongo ex Boiss.
- Viola denizliensis O.D.Dü?en, Göktürk, U.Sarpkaya & B.Gürcan
- Viola diamantiaca Nakai
- Viola dichroa Boiss.
- Viola diffusa Ging.
- Viola dimorphophylla Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola dirimliensis Blaxland
- Viola dirphya Tiniakou
- Viola disjuncta W.Becker
- Viola dissecta Ledeb.
- Viola diversifolia (Ging.) W.Becker
- Viola doerfleri Degen
- Viola doii Taken.
- Viola dombeyana DC. ex Ging.
- Viola domeikoana Gay
- Viola domingensis Urb.
- Viola douglasii Steud.
- Viola × dubia Wiesb.
- Viola dubyana Burnat ex Gremli
- Viola duclouxii W.Becker
- Viola dukadjinica W.Becker & Koanin
- Viola dyris Maire
- Viola × eclipes H.E.Ballard
- Viola ecuadorensis W.Becker
- Viola egglestonii Brainerd
- Viola eizanensis (Makino) Makino
- Viola × eizasieboldii Sugim. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola elatior Fr.
- Viola elegantula Schott
- Viola eminens K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola eminii (Engl.) R.E.Fr.
- Viola enmae P.Gonzáles
- Viola epipsila Ledeb.
- Viola epipsiloides Á.Löve & D.Löve
- Viola epirota (Halácsy) Raus
- Viola ermenekensis Yild. & Dinç
- Viola escarapela J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola escondidaensis W.Becker
- Viola etrusca Erben
- Viola eugeniae Parl.
- Viola evae Hieron. ex W.Becker
- Viola eximia Formánek
- Viola exsul J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola falconeri Hook.f. & Thomson
- Viola farkasiana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola faurieana W.Becker
- Viola ferdinandea Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola × fernaldii House
- Viola ferrarinii Moraldo & Ricceri
- Viola ferreyrae P.Gonzáles
- Viola filicaulis Hook.f.
- Viola × filicetorum Greene
- Viola fischeri W.Becker
- Viola fissifolia Kitag.
- Viola flagelliformis Hemsl.
- Viola flavicans Wedd.
- Viola flettii Piper
- Viola flos-idae Hieron.
- Viola fluehmannii Phil.
- Viola formosana Hayata
- Viola forrestiana W.Becker
- Viola forskaalii Greuter
- Viola fragrans Sieber
- Viola frank-smithii N.H.Holmgren
- Viola friderici W.Becker
- Viola frigida Phil.
- Viola frondosa (Velen.) Velen.
- Viola frusinatae Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola fruticosa W.Becker
- Viola × fujisanensis S.Watan.
- Viola fuscifolia W.Becker
- Viola fuscoviolacea (L.G.Adams) T.A.James
- Viola galeanaensis M.S.Baker
- Viola gan-chouenensis W.Becker
- Viola × ganeschinii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ganiatsasii Erben
- Viola gaviolii Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola gelida J.M.Watson, M.P.Cárdenas & A.R.Flores
- Viola germainii Sparre
- Viola glabella Nutt.
- Viola glacialis Poepp. & Endl.
- Viola glandularis H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.
- Viola glaucescens Oudem.
- Viola glechomoides Leyb.
- Viola gmeliniana Schult.
- Viola godoyae Phil.
- Viola × gotlandica W.Becker
- Viola gracilis Sm.
- Viola gracillima A.St.-Hil.
- Viola grahamii Benth.
- Viola grandisepala W.Becker
- Viola granulosa Wedd.
- Viola grayi Franch. & Sav.
- Viola greatrexii Nakai & F.Maek.
- Viola grisebachiana Vis.
- Viola × grubovii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola grypoceras A.Gray
- Viola guadalupensis A.M.Powell & Wauer
- Viola guangzhouensis A.Q.Dong, J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
- Viola guatemalensis W.Becker
- Viola × halacsyana Degen & Dörfl.
- Viola hallii A.Gray
- Viola hamiltoniana D.Don
- Viola hancockii W.Becker
- Viola hastata Michx.
- Viola hederacea Labill.
- Viola hediniana W.Becker
- Viola heldreichiana Boiss.
- Viola helena C.N.Forbes & Lydgate
- Viola hemsleyana Calderón
- Viola henryi H.Boissieu
- Viola hieronymi W.Becker
- Viola hillii W.Becker
- Viola hirsutula Brainerd
- Viola hirta L.
- Viola × hirtiformis Wiesb.
- Viola hirtipes S.Moore
- Viola hispida Lam.
- Viola hissarica Juz.
- Viola × hollickii House
- Viola hondoensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
- Viola hookeri Thomson ex Hook.f.
- Viola hookeriana Kunth
- Viola howellii A.Gray
- Viola huesoensis Martic.
- Viola huidobrii Gay
- Viola hultenii W.Becker
- Viola humilis Kunth
- Viola hunanensis Hand.-Mazz.
- Viola × hungarica Degen & Sabr.
- Viola hybanthoides W.B.Liao & Q.Fan
- Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.
- Viola × hyrcanica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ibukiana Makino
- Viola ignobilis Rupr.
- Viola × igoschinae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ilvensis (W.Becker) Arrigoni
- Viola improcera L.G.Adams
- Viola incisa Turcz.
- Viola × incissecta Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola inconspicua Blume
- Viola indica W.Becker
- Viola × insessa House
- Viola × insolita House
- Viola × interjecta Borbás
- Viola ircutiana Turcz.
- Viola irinae Zolot.
- Viola isaurica Contandr. & Quézel
- Viola × iselensis W.Becker
- Viola isopetala Juz.
- Viola ivonis Erben
- Viola iwagawae Makino
- Viola jalapaensis W.Becker
- Viola jangiensis W.Becker
- Viola japonica Langsd. ex Ging.
- Viola jaubertiana Marès & Vigin.
- Viola javanica W.Becker
- Viola jeniseensis Zuev
- Viola × jindoensis M.Kim
- Viola jinggangshanensis Z.L.Ning & J.P.Liao
- Viola jizushanensis S.H.Huang
- Viola × joannis-wagneri Kárpáti
- Viola johnstonii W.Becker
- Viola jooi Janka
- Viola jordanii Hanry
- Viola × juzepczukii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola kamtschadalorum W.Becker & Hultén
- Viola × karakulensis Vl.V.Nikitin & O.Baranova
- Viola karlreicheana Sanso, M.Seo & Xifreda
- Viola kauaensis A.Gray
- Viola keiskei Miq.
- Viola kermesina W.Becker
- Viola × kerneri Wiesb.
- Viola kiangsiensis W.Becker
- Viola kisoana Nakai
- Viola kitaibeliana Schult.
- Viola kitamiana Nakai
- Viola kizildaghensis Dinç & Yild.
- Viola kjellbergii Melch.
- Viola × klingeana Ronniger
- Viola kopaonikensis Pancic ex Tomovic & Niketic
- Viola kosanensis Hayata
- Viola kosaninii (Degen) Hayek
- Viola × kozo-poljanskii Grosset
- Viola × krascheninnikoviorum Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola kunawarensis Royle
- Viola kupffieri Klokov
- Viola kusanoana Makino
- Viola kusnezowiana W.Becker
- Viola labradorica Schrank
- Viola × lacmonica Hausskn.
- Viola lactea Sm.
- Viola lactiflora Nakai
- Viola lainzii P.Monts.
- Viola lanaiensis W.Becker
- Viola lanceolata L.
- Viola langeana Valentine
- Viola langsdorffii Fisch. ex Ging.
- Viola lanifera W.Becker
- Viola laricicola Marcussen
- Viola latistipula Hemsl.
- Viola lehmannii W.Becker
- Viola leyboldiana Phil.
- Viola libanotica Boiss.
- Viola lilliputana Iltis & H.E.Ballard
- Viola lilloana W.Becker
- Viola limbarae (Merxm. & W.Lippert) Arrigoni
- Viola lithion N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren
- Viola livonica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola llullaillacoensis W.Becker
- Viola lobata Benth.
- Viola longipetiolata Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola lucens W.Becker
- Viola × luciae Skottsb.
- Viola lungtungensis S.S.Ying
- Viola lutea Huds.
- Viola lyallii Hook.f.
- Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd
- Viola macroceras Bunge
- Viola maculata Cav.
- Viola magellanica G.Forst.
- Viola magellensis Porta & Rigo ex Strobl
- Viola magnifica C.J.Wang & X.D.Wang
- Viola majchurensis Pissjauk.
- Viola × malteana House
- Viola mandonii W.Becker
- Viola mandshurica W.Becker
- Viola maoershanensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola marcelorosasii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola × markgrafii W.Becker
- Viola maroccana (Maire) Maire
- Viola × matczkasensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola mauritii Tepl.
- Viola maviensis H.Mann
- Viola maximowicziana Makino
- Viola maymanica Grey-Wilson
- Viola mearnsii Merr.
- Viola melissifolia Greene
- Viola membranacea W.Becker
- Viola × menitzkii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola mercurii Orph. ex Halácsy
- Viola merrilliana W.Becker
- Viola merxmuelleri Erben
- Viola miaolingensis Y.S.Chen
- Viola micranthella Wedd.
- Viola microcentra W.Becker
- Viola microphylla Phil.
- Viola milanae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola minuta M.Bieb.
- Viola minutiflora Phil.
- Viola mirabilis L.
- Viola missouriensis Greene
- Viola × mixta A.Kern.
- Viola miyajiana Koidz.
- Viola modesta Fenzl
- Viola molisana Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola × mollicula House
- Viola mongolica Franch.
- Viola montagnei Gay
- Viola montcaunica Pau
- Viola moupinensis Franch.
- Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
- Viola muehldorfii Kiss
- Viola × mulfordiae Pollard
- Viola muliensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola munbyana Boiss. & Reut.
- Viola murronensis Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola muscoides Phil.
- Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
- Viola × najadum Wein
- Viola nana (DC. ex Ging.) Le Jol.
- Viola nanlingensis J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
- Viola nannae R.E.Fr.
- Viola nannei Pol.
- Viola × napae House
- Viola nebrodensis C.Presl
- Viola × neglectiformis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola nemoralis Kütz.
- Viola nephrophylla Greene
- Viola niederleinii W.Becker
- Viola × nikitinii Vasjukov
- Viola nitida Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola nobilis W.Becker
- Viola × notabilis E.P.Bicknell
- Viola novae-angliae House
- Viola nubigena Leyb.
- Viola nuda W.Becker
- Viola nuevo-leonensis W.Becker
- Viola nujiangensis Y.S.Chen & X.H.Jin
- Viola nummulariifolia Vill.
- Viola nuttallii Pursh
- Viola oahuensis C.N.Forbes
- Viola oblonga Blatt.
- Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino
- Viola × obtusoacuminata T.Hashim. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola obtusogrypoceras Makino
- Viola occulta Lehm.
- Viola ocellata Torr. & A.Gray
- Viola odontocalycina Boiss.
- Viola odorata L.
- Viola × okuharae F.Maek. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola oligoceps C.C.Chang
- Viola × olimpia Beggiat.
- Viola orbelica Pancic
- Viola orbiculata (A.Gray) Geyer ex B.D.Jacks.
- Viola oreades M.Bieb.
- Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W.Becker
- Viola orphanidis Boiss.
- Viola orthoceras Ledeb.
- Viola ovalleana Phil.
- Viola ovato-oblonga (Miq.) Makino
- Viola oxyodontis H.E.Ballard
- Viola pachyrrhiza Boiss. & Hohen.
- Viola pachysoma M.Sheader & J.M.Watson
- Viola pacifica Juz.
- Viola painteri Rose & House
- Viola palatina Y.N.Lee
- Viola pallascaensis W.Becker
- Viola palmata L.
- Viola palmensis (Webb & Berthel.) Sauer
- Viola palustris L.
- Viola papuana W.Becker & Pulle
- Viola paradoxa Lowe
- Viola parnonia Kit Tan, Sfikas & Vold
- Viola parvula Tineo
- Viola patrinii Ging.
- Viola pedata L.
- Viola pedatifida G.Don
- Viola pedunculata Torr. & A.Gray
- Viola pekinensis (Regel) W.Becker
- Viola pendulicarpa W.Becker
- Viola pentadactyla Fenzl
- Viola perinensis W.Becker
- Viola × perplexa Gremli
- Viola perpusilla Boissieu
- Viola perreniformis (L.G.Adams) R.J.Little & Leiper
- Viola petelotii W.Becker ex Gagnep.
- Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.
- Viola philippiana Greene
- Viola philippica Cav.
- Viola phitosiana Erben
- Viola pilosa Blume
- Viola pinetorum Greene
- Viola pinnata L.
- Viola pitouchaoensis S.S.Ying
- Viola placida W.Becker
- Viola × pluricaulis Borbás
- Viola pluviae Marcussen, H.E.Ballard & Blaxland
- Viola × poelliana Murr
- Viola poetica Boiss. & Spruner
- Viola polycephala H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.
- Viola polypoda Turcz.
- Viola × popovae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola × populifolia Greene
- Viola × porphyrea R.Uechtr.
- Viola portalesia Gay
- Viola × porteriana Pollard
- Viola portulacea Leyb.
- Viola praemorsa Douglas
- Viola primorskajensis (W.Becker) Vorosch.
- Viola primulifolia L.
- Viola principis Boissieu
- Viola prionantha Bunge
- Viola producta W.Becker
- Viola psammophila Phil.
- Viola pseudaetolica Tomovic, Melovski & Niketic
- Viola pseudogracilis (A.Terracc.) Strobl ex Degen & Dörfl.
- Viola pseudograeca Erben
- Viola × pseudomakinoi M.Mizush. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola pubescens Aiton
- Viola pulvinata Reiche
- Viola pumila Chaix
- Viola purpurea Kellogg
- Viola pusilla Poepp.
- Viola pusillima Wedd.
- Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.
- Viola × pynzarii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola pyrenaica Ramond ex DC.
- Viola quercetorum M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- Viola raddeana Regel
- Viola rafinesquei Greene
- Viola ramiflora K.O.Yoo
- Viola ramosiana W.Becker
- Viola rauliniana Erben
- Viola × raunsiensis W.Becker & Koanin
- Viola rausii Erben
- Viola × redacta House
- Viola reichei Skottsb. ex Macloskie
- Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau
- Viola renifolia A.Gray
- Viola replicata W.Becker
- Viola × reschetnikovae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola reticulata Schltdl.
- Viola rheophila Okamoto
- Viola rhodopeia W.Becker
- Viola rhombifolia Leyb.
- Viola × ritschliana W.Becker
- Viola riviniana Rchb.
- Viola × robinsoniana House
- Viola roccabrunensis Espeut
- Viola rodriguezii W.Becker
- Viola roigii Rossow
- Viola rossii Hemsl.
- Viola rossowiana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola rostrata Muhl. ex Pursh
- Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.
- Viola rotundifolia Michx.
- Viola rubella Cav.
- Viola rubromarginata J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola rudolfii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola rudolphii Sparre
- Viola rugosa Phil. ex W.Becker
- Viola × rupestriformis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt
- Viola rupicola Elmer
- Viola × ruprechtiana Borbás
- Viola saccata Melch.
- Viola sacchalinensis H.Boissieu
- Viola sacculus Skottsb.
- Viola sagittata Aiton
- Viola samothracica (Degen) Raus
- Viola sandrasea Melch.
- Viola santiagonensis W.Becker
- Viola savatieri Makino
- Viola saxifraga Maire
- Viola × scabra F.Braun
- Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
- Viola schachimardanica Khalk.
- Viola schariensis Erben
- Viola × schauloi Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola scorpiuroides Coss.
- Viola seleriana W.Becker
- Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
- Viola sempervirens Greene
- Viola sempervivum Gay
- Viola senzanensis Hayata
- Viola septemloba Leconte
- Viola sequeirae Capelo, R.Jardim, J.C.Costa, Lousã & Rivas Mart.
- Viola × sermenika Formánek
- Viola serpentinicola Mig.F.Salas
- Viola serpyllifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
- Viola serresiana Erben
- Viola sfikasiana Erben
- Viola shaoyoukengensis S.S.Ying
- Viola sheltonii Torr.
- Viola shikokiana Makino
- Viola shinchikuensis Yamam.
- Viola sieberiana Spreng.
- Viola sieboldii Maxim.
- Viola sieheana W.Becker
- Viola sikkimensis W.Becker
- Viola silicestris K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola singularis J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola sintenisii W.Becker
- Viola sirinica Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola × skofitziana Wiesb.
- Viola skottsbergiana W.Becker
- Viola somchetica K.Koch
- Viola sororia Willd.
- Viola spathulata Willd. ex Schult.
- Viola speciosa Schrad. ex Rchb.
- Viola spegazzinii W.Becker
- Viola sphaerocarpa W.Becker
- Viola stagnina Kit. ex Schult.
- Viola steinbachii W.Becker
- Viola stewardiana W.Becker
- Viola stipularis Sw.
- Viola stojanowii W.Becker
- Viola stoloniflora Yokota & Higa
- Viola striata Aiton
- Viola striatella H.Boissieu
- Viola striis-notata (J.Wagner) Merxm. & W.Lippert
- Viola stuebelii Hieron.
- Viola suavis M.Bieb.
- Viola × subaffinis House
- Viola subandina J.M.Watson
- Viola subasica (Fiori) Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola subatlantica (Maire) Ibn Tattou
- Viola subdimidiata A.St.-Hil.
- Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene
- Viola × sukaczewii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola sumatrana Miq.
- Viola szetschwanensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
- Viola × talmensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola taltalensis W.Becker
- Viola tanaitica Grosset
- Viola tarbagataica Klokov
- Viola tashiroi Makino
- Viola tectiflora W.Becker
- Viola tenuissima C.C.Chang
- Viola teplouchovii Juz.
- Viola teshioensis Miyabe & Tatew.
- Viola thasia W.Becker
- Viola thianschanica Maxim.
- Viola thibaudieri Franch. & Sav.
- Viola thomasiana Songeon & E.P.Perrier
- Viola thomsonii Oudem.
- Viola thymifolia Britton
- Viola × tichomirovii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola tienschiensis W.Becker
- Viola × tigirekica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola tineorum Erben & Raimondo
- Viola tokubuchiana Makino
- Viola tomentosa M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- Viola triangulifolia W.Becker
- Viola trichopetala C.C.Chang
- Viola trichosepala (W.Becker) Juz.
- Viola tricolor L.
- Viola tridentata Sm.
- Viola triflabellata W.Becker
- Viola trinervata (Howell) Howell ex A.Gray
- Viola tripartita Elliott
- Viola trochlearis J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola truncata Meyen
- Viola turkestanica Regel & Schmalh.
- Viola × tuvinica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola × tzvelevii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ucriana Erben & Raimondo
- Viola × uechtritziana Borbás
- Viola uliginosa Besser
- Viola umbraticola Kunth
- Viola uniflora L.
- Viola unwinii W.Becker
- Viola urophylla Franch.
- Viola utahensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- Viola utchinensis Koidz.
- Viola vadimii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola vaginata Maxim.
- Viola valderia All.
- Viola vallenarensis W.Becker
- Viola vallicola A.Nelson
- Viola vanroyenii H.St.John
- Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link
- Viola vectoris Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola velutina Formánek
- Viola veronicifolia Planch. & Linden
- Viola vespertina Klokov
- Viola × viatkensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola × villaquensis Benz
- Viola villosa Walter
- Viola × vilnaensis W.Becker
- Viola × vindobonensis Wiesb.
- Viola violacea Makino
- Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Viola voliotisii Erben
- Viola vorobievii Bezd.
- Viola vourinensis Erben
- Viola vulturis Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola wailenalenae (Rock) Skottsb.
- Viola wallichiana Ging.
- Viola walteri House
- Viola wansanensis Y.N.Lee
- Viola weberbaueri W.Becker
- Viola websteri Hemsl.
- Viola weibelii J.F.Macbr.
- Viola werdermannii W.Becker
- Viola × wilczekiana Beauverd
- Viola × wilhelmii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola × wilibaldii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola willkommii R.Roem. ex Willk.
- Viola woosanensis Y.N.Lee & J.Kim
- Viola woroschilovii Bezd.
- Viola wrightiana Watt
- Viola × wujekii H.E.Ballard
- Viola wulingensis S.S.Ying
- Viola xanthopotamica J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola yamatsutae Ishid.
- Viola yazawana Makino
- Viola yezoensis Maxim.
- Viola yildirimlii Dinç & Bagci
- Viola yunnanensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
- Viola yunnanfuensis W.Becker
- Viola × yurii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola yuzufelensis A.P.Khokhr.
- Viola × zophodes K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola × zwienenii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
Viola L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Melville, R. [1512], Australia | 35439.000 | |||
Rico, L. [1957], Morocco | K000564913 | |||
Drayton, Peru | 9025.000 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. s.n.], Jawa | K001132289 | |||
Wight, R. [Cat. no. s.n.] | Ion | K001132797 |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 933 (1753)
Accepted by
- Nikitin, V. (2008 publ. 2009). Violets (Viola L., Violaceae) of republic of Tuva Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 40: 164-183.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 1: 105.
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 402 (1754).
- Sp. Pl. 2: 933 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5:402 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 933 (1753)
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0