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  1. Family: Euphorbiaceae Juss.

    1. Codiaeum Rumph. ex A.Juss.

        2. This genus is accepted, and its native range is Malesia to SW. Pacific.

    [FTEA]

    Euphorbiaceae, A. R.-Smith. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1987

    Habit
    Monoecious or occasionally dioecious shrubs or small trees with or without a simple indumentum
    Leaves
    Leaves alternate, petiolate, minutely stipulate or not, simple and entire or occasionally trilobate, sometimes with the lamina recurved, twisted or interrupted, penninerved, eglandular or subeglandular at the base
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescences axillary or subterminal, often subtended by a small orbicular leaf, laxly racemose, solitary or sometimes binate, usually unisexual, pedunculate; ♂ bracts 1–6-flowered; ♀ bracts 1-flowered
    Flowers
    Male flowers: pedicels slender, articulate; sepals (3–)5(–6), free, imbricate; petals (3–)5(–6), small, minute or 0; disc-glands 5–15, small, free, alternating with the petals; stamens 15–100, filaments free, anthers erect, extrorse, dorsifixed, connective broad, thecae apically confluent, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode 0 Female flowers: pedicels short and stouter than in ♂, not articulate; sepals smaller than in ♂, otherwise ± similar; petals 0; disc shallowly cupular, entire or ± so; ovary 3-locular, with 1 ovule per locule; styles 3, shortly connate at the base, spreading or recurved, simple, rarely bipartite
    Male
    Male flowers: pedicels slender, articulate; sepals (3–)5(–6), free, imbricate; petals (3–)5(–6), small, minute or 0; disc-glands 5–15, small, free, alternating with the petals; stamens 15–100, filaments free, anthers erect, extrorse, dorsifixed, connective broad, thecae apically confluent, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode 0
    Female
    Female flowers: pedicels short and stouter than in ♂, not articulate; sepals smaller than in ♂, otherwise ± similar; petals 0; disc shallowly cupular, entire or ± so; ovary 3-locular, with 1 ovule per locule; styles 3, shortly connate at the base, spreading or recurved, simple, rarely bipartite
    Fruits
    Fruit globose or tridymous, dehiscing into 3 bivalved cocci
    Seeds
    Seeds smooth, shiny, marbled, carunculate; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.
    [FZ]

    Euphorbiaceae, A. Radcliffe-Smith. Flora Zambesiaca 9:4. 1996

    Habit
    Monoecious or occasionally dioecious shrubs or small trees with a simple indumentum, or glabrous.
    Leaves
    Leaves alternate, petiolate, minutely stipulate or stipules absent, simple, entire or 3-lobed, occasionally the lamina contorted or interrupted along the midrib, penninerved, eglandular or ± so.
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescences axillary or subterminal, racemose, solitary or paired, usually unisexual, pedunculate; male bracts 1–6-flowered; female bracts l-flowered.
    Flowers
    Male flowers: pedicels slender, jointed; sepals (3)5(6), closely imbricate; petals (3)5(6), small, minute or absent; disk glands 5–15, free, alternipetalous; stamens 15–100, filaments free, anthers erect, extrorse, dorsifixed, connective broad, thecae apically confluent, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode absent. Female flowers: pedicels shorter and stouter than in the male, not jointed; sepals smaller than in the male, otherwise ± similar; petals absent; disk shallowly cupular, subentire or shallowly 5-lobed; ovary 3-locular, 1 ovule per locule; styles 3, shortly connate at the base, spreading or recurved, usually simple.
    Fruits
    Fruit globose or 3-lobed, dehiscing septicidally into 3 bivalved cocci; pericarp thin; endocarp thinly woody; columella persistent.
    Seeds
    Seeds ovoid to subglobose, carunculate; testa smooth, shiny, marmorate, crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Fiji, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu

    Introduced into:

    Bangladesh, Cayman Is., Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Leeward Is., Line Is., Mozambique, Niue, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Society Is., Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

    Codiaeum Rumph. ex A.Juss. appears in other Kew resources:

    First published in Euphorb. Gen.: 33 (1824)

    Accepted by

    • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

    Literature

    Flora Zambesiaca
    • Pax in Engler, Pflanzenr. [IV, fam. 147, iii] 47: 23 ( 1911), nom. conserv.
    • Müller Argoviensis in De Candolle, Prodr. 15, 2: 1116 (1866).
    • Euph. Gen. Tent.: 33, t. 9, f. 30 (1824).
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • Pax in E.P. IV. 147(3): 23 (1911), nom. conserv.
    • G.P. 3(1): 299 (1880)
    • Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 1116 (1866)
    • Euphorb. Gen. Tent.: 33, t. 9, fig. 30 (1824)

    Sources

    Flora Zambesiaca
    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0