- Family: Combretaceae R.Br.
Combretum Loefl.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees, shrubs or woody climbers; indumentum of simple hairs and/or peltate scales
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves usually opposite or whorled
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers bisexual, 4–5-merous, in spikes or panicles
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Upper receptacle varying from almost flat to funnel-shaped, sometimes constricted below
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals longer or shorter than calyx-lobes
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disc often present
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
- Style free
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 4–5-winged or -angled.
- Distribution
- Genus of about 280 species, throughout the tropics and also extending into the subtropics.
[FTEA]
Combretaceae, G. E. Wickens. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1973
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees, shrubs, shrublets or woody climbers, very rarely subherbaceous; scales or microscopic (and sometimes macroscopic) stalked glands present
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, verticillate or rarely alternate, usually petiolate, almost always entire; petiole sometimes persisting (especially in climbers), forming a ± hooked spine
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers hermaphrodite (in Flora area), regular or slightly zygomorphic (not in Flora area), 4–5-merous, in elongated or subcapitate axillary or extra-axillary spikes or racemes or in terminal or terminal and axillary, often leafy, panicles
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle usually clearly divided into a lower part (lower receptacle) surrounding and adnate to the ovary, and an upper part (upper receptacle) varying from patelliform to infundibuliform and itself sometimes visibly differentiated into a lower part containing the disk (when present) and an often more expanded upper part
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 4 or 5 (rarely more), deltate to ± subulate or filiform, sometimes scarcely developed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals usually 4 or 5 in Flora area (rarely absent in aberrant specimens), small and inconspicuous or showy and exceeding the sepals
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens twice as many as the petals, inserted in 1 or 2 series inside the upper receptacle and usually exserted
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk glabrous or hairy, with or without a free margin, sometimes inconspicuous or absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Style free (in E. African species); stigma sometimes ± expanded; ovary completely inferior
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 4–5-winged, -ridged or -angled, sessile or stipitate, indehiscent or rarely tardily dehiscent; pericarp usuallythin and papery, sometimes leathery, more rarely fleshy
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Cotyledons various.
[FZ]
Combretaceae, A. W. Exell. Flora Zambesiaca 4. 1978
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees, shrubs, shrublets or woody climbers, very rarely subherbaceous. Plants lepidote or with microscopic (and sometimes macroscopic) stalked glands.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite, verticillate or rarely alternate, usually petiolate (rarely subsessile), almost always entire; petiole sometimes persisting (especially in climbers) forming a ± hooked spine.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers always hermaphrodite (in our area), actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic (not in our area), 4–5-merous, in elongated or subcapitate axillary or extra-axillary spikes or racemes or in terminal or terminal and axillary often leafy panicles.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle usually clearly divided into a lower part (lower receptacle) surrounding and adnate to the ovary and an upper part (upper receptacle) varying from patelliform to infundibuliform and itself sometimes visibly differentiated into a lower part containing the disk (when present) and an often more expanded upper part.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals (calyx-lobes) 4–5 (rarely more), deltate to ± subulate or filiform, sometimes scarcely developed.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals usually 4–5 (rarely absent, in aberrant specimens and up to 7 in occasional flowers), small and inconspicuous to showy and exceeding the sepals, of various colours.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens twice as many as the petals inserted in 1 or more usually 2 series inside the upper receptacle and usually exserted.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk glabrous or hairy, with or without a free margin, sometimes inconspicuous or absent.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
- Style free (in our species); stigma sometimes ± expanded.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary completely inferior.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 4–5-winged, -ridged or -angled, sessile or stipitate, indehiscent or rarely tardily dehiscent; pericarp usually thin and papery, sometimes leathery, more rarely fleshy.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Cotyledons various.
[FTEA]
Combretaceae, G. E. Wickens. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1973
- Morphology General Habit
- Woody climbers; stalked glands present, peltate scales absent
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves opposite or subopposite, entire, glabrous or hairy; bases of the petioles persisting as spines after leaf-fall
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or slightly zygomorphic, 5-merous, in elongated, usually unbranched, terminal or axillary bracteate spikes
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Receptacle
- Receptacle hairy or nearly glabrous; upper receptacle infundibuli-form, elongate-infundibuliform or trumpet-shaped
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals triangular, sometimes with filiform tips
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals 2–20 mm. long, exceeding the sepals and enlarging during anthesis
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 10, biseriate, inserted near the mouth of the upper receptacle and not exserted beyond the petals
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc
- Disk narrowly tubular or absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
- Style adnate for part of its length to the inner wall of the upper receptacle
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 5-winged, dehiscent or indehiscent.
Native to:
Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Windward Is., Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Hawaii, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Venezuelan Antilles
- Combretum aculeatum Vent.
- Combretum acuminatum Roxb.
- Combretum acutifolium Exell
- Combretum acutum M.A.Lawson
- Combretum adenogonium Steud. ex A.Rich.
- Combretum adrianii Jongkind
- Combretum afzelii G.Don
- Combretum alatum Craib
- Combretum albiflorum (Tul.) Jongkind
- Combretum albopunctatum Suess.
- Combretum alfredi Hance
- Combretum andongense Engl. & Diels
- Combretum andradae Exell & J.G.García
- Combretum angolense Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum angustipetalum Chiov.
- Combretum annulatum Craib
- Combretum apetalum Wall. ex Kurz
- Combretum aphanopetalum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum apiculatum Sond.
- Combretum argenteum Bertol.
- Combretum argyrotrichum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum assimile Eichler
- Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum aureonitens Engl. & Gilg
- Combretum auriculatum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum barbatum G.Don
- Combretum batesii Exell
- Combretum bauchiense Hutch. & Dalziel
- Combretum baumii Engl. & Gilg
- Combretum bipindense Engl. & Diels
- Combretum blepharopetalum Wickens
- Combretum boinensis Jongkind
- Combretum bracteatum (M.A.Lawson) Engl. & Diels
- Combretum bracteosum (Hochst.) Engl. & Diels
- Combretum brassiciforme Exell
- Combretum brevistylum Eichler
- Combretum brunneum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum butyrosum (G.Bertol.) Tul.
- Combretum cacoucia Exell ex Sandwith
- Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze
- Combretum camporum Engl.
- Combretum capitatum De Wild. & Exell
- Combretum capituliflorum Fenzl ex Schweinf.
- Combretum capuronii Jongkind
- Combretum carringtonianum Exell & J.G.García
- Combretum caudatisepalum Exell & J.G.García
- Combretum celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum chinense G.Don
- Combretum chionanthoides Engl. & Diels
- Combretum cinereopetalum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum cinnabarinum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum clarense Jongkind
- Combretum coccineum (Sonn.) Lam.
- Combretum collinum Fresen.
- Combretum comosum G.Don
- Combretum conchipetalum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum confertum (Benth.) M.A.Lawson
- Combretum × confusum Merr. & Rolfe
- Combretum congolanum Liben
- Combretum constrictum (Benth.) M.A.Lawson
- Combretum contractum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum coriifolium Engl. & Diels
- Combretum coursianum (H.Perrier) Jongkind
- Combretum cuspidatum Planch. ex Benth.
- Combretum decandrum Jacq.
- Combretum decaryi Jongkind
- Combretum deciduum Collett & Hemsl.
- Combretum demeusei De Wild.
- Combretum discolor Taub.
- Combretum dolichopodum Gilg
- Combretum duarteanum Cambess.
- Combretum echirense Jongkind
- Combretum edwardsii Exell
- Combretum elaeagnoides Klotzsch
- Combretum engleri Schinz, De Wild. & T.Durand
- Combretum eriogynum (H.Perrier) Jongkind
- Combretum erosum Jongkind
- Combretum erythrophloeum Gilg & Ledermann ex Engl.
- Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond.
- Combretum esteriense Jongkind
- Combretum evisceratum (H.Perrier) Jongkind
- Combretum exalatum Engl.
- Combretum exannulatum (O.Hoffm.) Engl. & Diels
- Combretum excelsum Keay
- Combretum exellii Jongkind
- Combretum falcatum (Welw. ex Hiern) Jongkind
- Combretum farinosum Kunth
- Combretum flammeum Welw. ex Hiern
- Combretum foliatum Craib
- Combretum frangulifolium Kunth
- Combretum fruticosum (Loefl.) Stuntz
- Combretum fulvum Keay
- Combretum fuscum Planch. ex Benth.
- Combretum gabonense Exell
- Combretum germainii Liben
- Combretum ghesquierei Liben
- Combretum gillettianum Liben
- Combretum glabrum DC.
- Combretum glaucocarpum Mart.
- Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC.
- Combretum goetzei Engl. & Diels
- Combretum goldieanum F.Muell.
- Combretum goossensii De Wild. & Exell
- Combretum gordonii Jongkind
- Combretum gossweileri Exell
- Combretum gracile Schott
- Combretum graciliflorum Stace
- Combretum grandidieri Drake
- Combretum grandiflorum G.Don
- Combretum griffithii Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
- Combretum harmsianum Diels
- Combretum harrisii Wickens
- Combretum hartmannianum Schweinf.
- Combretum haullevilleanum De Wild.
- Combretum hensii Engl. & Diels
- Combretum hereroense Schinz
- Combretum hilarianum D.Dietr.
- Combretum holstii Engl.
- Combretum homalioides Hutch. & Dalziel
- Combretum igneiflorum Rendón & R.Delgad.
- Combretum illairii Engl.
- Combretum imberbe Wawra
- Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps
- Combretum inflatum Jongkind
- Combretum ivanii Jongkind
- Combretum kasaiense Liben
- Combretum kirkii M.A.Lawson
- Combretum klossii Ridl.
- Combretum klotzschii Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum kostermansii Exell
- Combretum kraussii Hochst.
- Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler
- Combretum lanuginosum G.Don
- Combretum latialatum Engl.
- Combretum latifolium Blume
- Combretum laxum Jacq.
- Combretum lecardii Engl. & Diels
- Combretum leprosum Mart.
- Combretum lindense Exell & Mildbr.
- Combretum lisowskii Jongkind
- Combretum littoreum (Engl.) Engl.
- Combretum llewelynii J.F.Macbr.
- Combretum lokele Liben
- Combretum longicollum Jongkind
- Combretum longipilosum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum longispicatum (Engl.) Engl. & Diels
- Combretum longistipitatum Jongkind
- Combretum louisii Liben
- Combretum lukafuensis De Wild.
- Combretum luxenii Exell
- Combretum macrocalyx (Tul.) Jongkind
- Combretum malabaricum (Bedd.) Sujana, Ratheesh & Anil Kumar
- Combretum mannii G.Lawson ex Engl. & Diels
- Combretum marginatum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum marquesii Engl. & Diels
- Combretum mellifluum Eichler
- Combretum meridionalis (H.Perrier) Jongkind
- Combretum micranthum G.Don
- Combretum microphyllum Klotzsch
- Combretum mkuzense J.D.Carr & Retief
- Combretum moggii Exell
- Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don
- Combretum monetaria Mart.
- Combretum mooreanum Exell
- Combretum mortehanii De Wild. & Exell
- Combretum mossambicense (Klotzsch) Engl.
- Combretum mucronatum Schumach. & Thonn.
- Combretum multinervium Exell
- Combretum mussaendiflorum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum mweroense Baker
- Combretum nanum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Combretum ndjoleense Jongkind
- Combretum nigrescens King
- Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr.
- Combretum nioroense Aubrév. ex Keay
- Combretum niphophilum Gilg & Ledermann ex Engl.
- Combretum nusbaumeri Jongkind & L.Gaut.
- Combretum oatesii Rolfe
- Combretum obovatum F.Hoffm.
- Combretum obscurum Tul.
- Combretum octagonum (H.Perrier) Jongkind
- Combretum olivaceum Engl.
- Combretum oudenhovenii Jongkind
- Combretum ovalifolium Roxb. ex G.Don
- Combretum oxygonium (Tul.) Jongkind
- Combretum oxystachyum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum oyemense Exell
- Combretum padoides Engl. & Diels
- Combretum paniculatum Vent.
- Combretum paradoxum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum paraguariense (Eichler) Stace
- Combretum patelliforme Engl. & Diels
- Combretum paucinervium Engl. & Diels
- Combretum pavonii G.Don
- Combretum pecoense Exell
- Combretum pellegrinianum Exell
- Combretum pentagonum M.A.Lawson
- Combretum petrophilum Retief
- Combretum phaeocarpum Mart.
- Combretum pilosum Roxb. ex G.Don
- Combretum pisoniiflorum (Klotzsch) Engl.
- Combretum pisonioides Taub.
- Combretum platypterum (Welw.) Hutch. & Dalziel
- Combretum polyanthum Jongkind
- Combretum polystictum Hiern
- Combretum procursum Craib
- Combretum psidioides Welw.
- Combretum punctatum Blume
- Combretum purpureiflorum Engl.
- Combretum pyramidatum Desv.
- Combretum pyrifolium (C.Presl) Kurz
- Combretum quadrangulare Kurz
- Combretum quadratum Craib
- Combretum rabiense Jongkind
- Combretum racemosum P.Beauv.
- Combretum razianum K.G.Bhat
- Combretum recurvatum Sujana, Ratheesh & Anil Kumar
- Combretum relictum Hutch. & Dalziel
- Combretum rhodanthum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum riggenbachianum Gilg & Ledermann ex Engl.
- Combretum robustum Jongkind
- Combretum robynsii Exell
- Combretum rochetianum A.Rich. ex A.Juss.
- Combretum rohrii Exell
- Combretum rotundifolium Rich.
- Combretum rovirosae Exell
- Combretum roxburghii Spreng.
- Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier
- Combretum rupicola Ridl.
- Combretum sanjappae Chakrab. & Lakra
- Combretum scandens Liben
- Combretum schumannii Engl.
- Combretum sericeum G.Don
- Combretum shivannae Gholave, Kambale, Lekhak & S.R.Yadav
- Combretum sordidum Exell
- Combretum sphaeroides (Tul.) Jongkind
- Combretum spinosum Bonpl.
- Combretum stenopterum Exell
- Combretum stocksii Sprague
- Combretum struempellianum Gilg & Ledermann ex Engl.
- Combretum stylesii O.Maurin, Jordaan & A.E.van Wyk
- Combretum subglabratum De Wild.
- Combretum subumbellatum (Baker) Jongkind
- Combretum sundaicum Miq.
- Combretum sylvicola O.Maurin
- Combretum tarquense Clark
- Combretum tenuipetiolatum Wickens
- Combretum tessmannii Gilg ex Engl.
- Combretum tetragonocarpum Kurz
- Combretum tetralophoides Slooten
- Combretum tetralophum C.B.Clarke
- Combretum teuschii O.Hoffm.
- Combretum tibatiense Gilg & Ledermann ex Engl.
- Combretum tomentosum G.Don
- Combretum towaense Engl. & Diels
- Combretum trichophyllum Baker
- Combretum trifoliatum Vent.
- Combretum ulei Exell
- Combretum umbricola Engl.
- Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk
- Combretum vernicosum Rusby
- Combretum villosum (Tul.) Jongkind
- Combretum violaceum (Tul.) Jongkind
- Combretum virgatum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
- Combretum viscosum Exell
- Combretum wallichii DC.
- Combretum wattii Exell
- Combretum wilksii Jongkind
- Combretum winitii Craib
- Combretum xanthothyrsum Engl. & Diels
- Combretum youngii Exell
- Combretum zenkeri Engl. & Diels
- Combretum zeyheri Sond.
- Aetia Adans.
- Bucholzia Stadtm. ex Willemet
- Bureava Baill.
- Cacoucia Aubl.
- Calopyxis Tul.
- Campylochiton Welw. ex Hiern
- Campylogyne Welw. ex Hemsl.
- Chrysostachys Pohl
- Codonocroton E.Mey. ex Engl. & Diels
- Cristaria Sonn.
- Embryogonia Blume
- Forsgardia Vell.
- Gonocarpus Ham.
- Grislea L.
- Hambergera Scop.
- Kleinia Crantz
- Mekistus Lour. ex Gomes Mach.
- Physopodium Desv.
- Poivrea Comm. ex DC.
- Quisqualis L.
- Schousboea Willd.
- Seguiera Rchb. ex Oliv.
- Sheadendron G.Bertol.
- Sphalanthus Jack
- Thiloa Eichler
- Udani Adans.
Combretum Loefl. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
May 1, 2006 | Cheek, M. [11917], Cameroon | K000460263 | ||
May 1, 2006 | Cheek, M. [11698], Cameroon | K000460264 | ||
Etuge, M. [1512], Cameroon | 63800.000 | |||
Hatschbach, G.G. [37687], Brazil | K001108961 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. s.n.], Myanmar | K001132349 | |||
Tanzania | Kleinia | 16256.000 | ||
Ash [1172 35498], Ethiopia | Kleinia | 35497.000 | ||
Ash [1172 35498], Ethiopia | Kleinia | 35498.000 | ||
Ash [1623], Ethiopia | Kleinia | 35828.000 | ||
Bally, P.R.O. [4671], Kenya | Kleinia | 12303.000 | ||
Bally, P.R.O. [4671], Kenya | Kleinia | 14508.000 | ||
Bally, P.R.O. [B.4671], Kenya | Kleinia | 16252.000 | ||
Bally, P.R.O. [14551], Kenya | Kleinia | 33465.000 | ||
Bally, P.R.O. [B6210], Kenya | Kleinia | 4759.000 | ||
Bullock, A.A. [1080], Tanzania | Kleinia | 16257.000 | ||
Brummitt, R.K. [10013], Malawi | Kleinia | 53754.000 | ||
Collenette, J.S. [8931], Oman | Kleinia | 57996.000 |
First published in Iter Hispan.: 308 (1758)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 2: 419
Flora Zambesiaca
- Iter Hisp.: 308 (1758) nom. conserv.
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Iter Hispan.: 308 (1758), nom. conserv. For full synonymy see Exell in J.B. 69: 116 (1931)
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
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Plants and People Africa
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