- Family: Euphorbiaceae Juss.
- Genus: Macaranga Thouars
Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim
- Genus: Macaranga Thouars
[FTEA]
Euphorbiaceae, A. R.-Smith. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1987
- Morphology General Habit
- A small to medium tree 3.5–20 m., or large tree up to 30 m., often with a spreading somewhat flattened crown.
- Morphology Stem
- Stems and branches spiny when young.
- Morphology Bole
- Bole white, unbranched for up to 12 m.
- Morphology General Bark
- Bark smooth, grey or brownish on the branches.
- Morphology General Wood
- Wood white, hard.
- Morphology General Shoots
- Young shoots and inflorescence-axes densely ferruginous tomentellous at first, later glabrescent.
- Morphology Leaves
- Petioles (2–)10–20(–30) cm. long, pulvinate at the base, ferruginous tomentose at first, and also sometimes whitish hispid, the tomentum later disappearing, the whitish hairs persisting; leaf-blades broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, (6–)10–30(–40) cm. long, (4–)10–20(–30) cm. wide, shortly acutely acuminate, (caudate in juvenile leaves), entire or (juvenile leaves) glandular-denticulate, shallowly to deeply cordate, or, if peltate, then truncate or rounded, with or without a small cluster of glands near the petiole insertion, membranous in juvenile foliage, chartaceous or occasionally thinly coriaceous in mature foliage, (5–)7–11-nerved from the base, lateral nerves (6–)9–13 pairs, not or scarcely prominent above, prominent be-neath, brochidodromous, tertiary nerves parallel, circular and concentric at the base in the peltate leaves, quaternary nerves generally indistinct, densely minutely uniformly glandular-punctate beneath, the glands drying blackish, ferruginous to fulvous tomentellous above and beneath and whitish hirsute along the midrib and main nerves beneath at first, later more or less glabrescent above and beneath except for the whitish hairs along the midrib and main nerves beneath, not glaucous beneath.
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules lanceolate, 1–2 cm. long, 4–8 mm. wide, acutely acuminate, entire, ferruginous tomentellous, caducous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescences axillary, solitary. Female inflorescences paniculate or subpaniculate, (2.5–)5–12 cm. long, axes straight; bracts ± as in the ♂ inflorescences, but only 3–5-flowered. Male inflorescences paniculate, 8–10(–14) cm. long; axes slightly zigzag toward the apex; bracts triangular-ovate, 4–5(–8) mm. long, those of the main axis larger and more stipule-like than those of the lateral axes, the distal bracts somewhat thickened, strongly reflexed, sinuate-lobate, with a gland on each side and at the apex adaxially, 20–30-flowered.
- sex Male
- Male inflorescences paniculate, 8–10(–14) cm. long; axes slightly zigzag toward the apex; bracts triangular-ovate, 4–5(–8) mm. long, those of the main axis larger and more stipule-like than those of the lateral axes, the distal bracts somewhat thickened, strongly reflexed, sinuate-lobate, with a gland on each side and at the apex adaxially, 20–30-flowered. Male flowers subsessile; calyx-lobes 2–3, ovate, 0.75 mm. long, sparingly pubescent without, glabrous within, greenish cream; stamens 2–3(–4), filaments ± free, 1 mm. long, anthers obscurely 4-thecous, 0.3 mm. across, yellow.
- sex Female
- Female inflorescences paniculate or subpaniculate, (2.5–)5–12 cm. long, axes straight; bracts ± as in the ♂ inflorescences, but only 3–5-flowered. Female flowers shortly pedicellate, the pedicels 1–2 mm. long; calyx urceolate, splitting into 2–3(–4) lobes and becoming cupular then flattened as the fruit matures, fulvous tomentellous without, glabrous within, yellow-green or green; ovary unlobed, rarely bilobate, 1–1.5 mm. long, 0.75–1 mm. wide, densely yellowish granulate-glandular; styles 1(–2), recurved, ± free when 2, 2–3 mm. long, adaxially densely fimbriate-papillose and abaxially pubescent.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Female flowers shortly pedicellate, the pedicels 1–2 mm. long; calyx urceolate, splitting into 2–3(–4) lobes and becoming cupular then flattened as the fruit matures, fulvous tomentellous without, glabrous within, yellow-green or green; ovary unlobed, rarely bilobate, 1–1.5 mm. long, 0.75–1 mm. wide, densely yellowish granulate-glandular; styles 1(–2), recurved, ± free when 2, 2–3 mm. long, adaxially densely fimbriate-papillose and abaxially pubescent. Male flowers subsessile; calyx-lobes 2–3, ovate, 0.75 mm. long, sparingly pubescent without, glabrous within, greenish cream; stamens 2–3(–4), filaments ± free, 1 mm. long, anthers obscurely 4-thecous, 0.3 mm. across, yellow.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit subglobose, rarely bilobate, 3–5 mm. long, 4–6 mm. diameter, densely yellowish-green granulate-glandular, later becoming smooth and glabrous when the glands rub off.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds subglobose, 2.5–3 mm. diameter, ± smooth, shiny, dark purplish-brown to blackish.
- Habitat
- Evergreen forest; (10–)75–3050 m.
- Distribution
- from S. Ethiopia south to South Africa (Transkei) K4 K5 K7 P T2 T3 T4 T6 T7 T8 U2 U3 Z
[FZ]
Euphorbiaceae, A. Radcliffe-Smith. Flora Zambesiaca 9:4. 1996
- Morphology General Habit
- A tree up to 25 m high; crown rounded, spreading; stem ± buttressed.
- Morphology Trunk
- Trunk and branches with short spines.
- Morphology General Bark
- Bark light grey with white horizontal markings, smooth.
- Morphology General Indumentum
- Young growth densely ferruginous-tomentellous at first, later glabrescent.
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules 1–2 cm × 4–8 mm, lanceolate, acutely acuminate, deciduous.
- Morphology Leaves Petiole
- Petioles up to 30 cm long, pulvinate at the base.
- Morphology Leaves Leaf lamina
- Leaf blades up to 25 × 20 cm, broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, shortly acuminate at the apex, shallowly to deeply cordate or cordulate at the base, or if peltate then truncate or rounded at the base, entire or glandular-denticulate on the margins, firmly chartaceous, glabrescent on upper surface, hirsute beneath at least along the midrib and main nerves, densely gland-dotted beneath; 5–11-nerved from the base, lateral nerves in 6–14 pairs, looped, tertiary nerves parallel.
- sex Male
- Male flowers subsessile; calyx lobes 2–3, 0.75 mm long, ovate, yellowish-green; stamens 2–4, filaments ± free, 1 mm long, anthers minute, creamy-white. Male inflorescences 8–12 cm long, paniculate; bracts 4–10 mm long, triangular ovate, adaxially glandular, strongly reflexed, many-flowered.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Female inflorescences 4–8 cm long, paniculate or subpaniculate; bracts 1–5-flowered. Male inflorescences 8–12 cm long, paniculate; bracts 4–10 mm long, triangular ovate, adaxially glandular, strongly reflexed, many-flowered.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Female flowers shortly pedicellate, the pedicels c. 1–2 mm long; calyx urceolate, splitting into 2–4 lobes and becoming flattened as the fruit matures; ovary 1–1.5 × 0.75–1 mm, unlobed or rarely 2-lobed, densely yellowish-granulate-glandular; styles 1 or 2 and ± free, 2–3 mm long, recurved, fimbriate-papillose. Male flowers subsessile; calyx lobes 2–3, 0.75 mm long, ovate, yellowish-green; stamens 2–4, filaments ± free, 1 mm long, anthers minute, creamy-white.
- sex Female
- Female flowers shortly pedicellate, the pedicels c. 1–2 mm long; calyx urceolate, splitting into 2–4 lobes and becoming flattened as the fruit matures; ovary 1–1.5 × 0.75–1 mm, unlobed or rarely 2-lobed, densely yellowish-granulate-glandular; styles 1 or 2 and ± free, 2–3 mm long, recurved, fimbriate-papillose. Female inflorescences 4–8 cm long, paniculate or subpaniculate; bracts 1–5-flowered.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 3–6 × 4–7(11) mm, subglobose, rarely 2-lobed, densely yellowish-green granulate-glandular at first, later becoming smooth, glabrous and green.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds 2.5–4 mm in diameter, subglobose, ± smooth, dull, red or black.
Native to:
Cape Provinces, Gabon, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Malawi, Mozambique, Northern Provinces, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim appears in other Kew resources:
| Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 1, 1954 | Braun [844], Tanzania | K000425823 | ||
| unknown [3739], Tanzania | K000425825 | |||
| Dowsett-Lemaire, F. [2502], Mozambique | K000614121 | |||
| Warnecke [366], Tanzania | K000425824 | |||
| Drege [4612], South Africa | K000425856 | Unknown type material | ||
| Drege [4612], South Africa | K000425857 | Unknown type material | ||
| Gueinzius, W. [s.n.], South Africa | K000425858 | |||
| Gueinzius, W. [s.n.], South Africa | K000425859 | |||
| Mphamba, S. [35], Mozambique | K000613732 |
First published in Forest Fl. Cape: 314 (1907)
Accepted by
- Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
- Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mt. Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34: 1-199.
- Calane da Silva, M., Izdine, S. & Amuse, A.B. (2004). A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Mozambique: 1-184. SABONET, Pretoria.
- Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 200 (1962).
- Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 206 (1961).
- A. Engler & O. Drude, Die Vegetation Der Erde, IX, Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3(2): 93 (1921).
- Pax in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147(7): 346 (1914).
- Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col.: 314, t. 139 (1907).
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0