Featured: Lysimachia arvensis Image from Stuppy & Kesseler
©Papadakis Publisher

  1. Family: Amaranthaceae Juss.
    1. Genus: Pandiaka Benth. & Hook.f.

      1. Pandiaka involucrata (Moq.) B.D.Jacks.

        This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical Africa.

    [FZ]

    Amaranthaceae, C. C. Townsend. Flora Zambesiaca 9:1. 1988

    Habit
    Annual herb, simple in very reduced plants, occasionally branched from the base with decumbent branches, but usually erect with many long, slender, erect branches, (0.25) 0.45–1.2 (2) m. tall; stems frequently red, terete below, more or less quadrangular above striate, clad (as are the branches) with an indumentum of more or less dense, upwardly directed to subpatent whitish hairs.
    Leaves
    Leaves lanceolate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, those of the main stems 2–10 × 0.9–3 cm., more or less abruptly contracted at the base (superior leaves sessile, the lower usually very shortly petiolate), obtuse-apiculate to subacute at the apex, thinly to moderately furnished with upwardly-directed or subpatent hairs, the upper surface usually darker.
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescences subglobose to cylindrical, (1) 1.5–3.5 (5) × (1.25) 1.5–1.75 cm., the flowers very dense and concealing the white-pilose axis, sessile above 2–4 lanceolate to ovate, short leaves; commonly in groups of 3 (a terminal with two laterals on widely spreading branches).
    Bracts
    Bracts ovate-acuminate, c. 5–8 mm. long, membranous with a narrow or wider greenish central band, very shortly pilose along the midrib only to more generally long-pilose, the midrib excurrent in a distinct, sharp arista.
    Bracteoles
    Bracteoles lanceolate-ovate, 6–9 mm. long, densely long-pilose at least along the midrib dorsally, the midrib excurrent in a sharp mucro, the apex of one bracteole (and not rarely the entire flower) more or less curved.
    Tepal
    Tepals narrowly lanceolate, the outer 2 densely appressed-pilose, narrowly pale- margined with a firm green centre, 6–8.25 mm.; inner 2 c. 0.5–1 mm. shorter, less pilose, 3 nerves sometimes visible in transmitted light only; middle tepal intermediate; all with a rigid, spine-like apex.
    Stamens
    Stamens 2.5–5 mm. long, the filaments floccose-hairy near the base; pseudostaminodes flabellate, 0.75–1 mm. long, the margins more or less floccose, dorsal scale absent in all material examined.
    Pistil
    Ovary quadrate-obpyriform, slightly compressed, with a faint apical keel; style slender, (1) 2.5–3.25 mm. long.
    Fruits
    Capsule turbinate (“drum-shaped”), c. 2.5 mm. long, with a broad, flat, firm apex; seeds oblong-ovoid, 2–2.25 mm. long, brown, shining, faintly reticulate.
    [FTEA]

    Amaranthaceae, C.C. Townsend. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1985

    Habit
    Annual herb, simple in very reduced plants, occasionally branched from the base with decumbent branches, but usually erect with many long, slender, erect branches, (0.25–)0.45–1.2(–2) m. tall; stems frequently red, terete below, ± quadrangular above, striate, clad (as are the branches) with an indumentum of ± dense, upwardly directed to subpatent whitish hairs.
    Leaves
    Leaves lanceolate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, those of the main stems 2–10 × 0 .9–3 cm., ± abruptly contracted at the base (upper leaves sessile, the lower usually very shortly petiolate), obtuse-apiculate to subacute at the apex, thinly to moderately furnished with upwardly-directed or subpatent hairs, the upper surface usually darker.
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescences subglobose to cylindrical, (1–)1.5–3.5(–5) × (1.25–)1.5–1.75 cm., the flowers very dense and concealing the white-pilose axis, sessile above 2–4 lanceolate to ovate, short leaves; commonly in groups of 3, a terminal with two laterals on widely spreading branches.
    Bracts
    Bracts ovate-acuminate, ± 5–8 mm., membranous with a narrow or wider greenish central band, very shortly pilose along the midrib only to more generally long-pilose, the midrib excurrent in a distinct, sharp arista.
    Bracteoles
    Bracteoles lanceolate-ovate, 6–9 mm., densely long-pilose at least along the midrib dorsally, the midrib excurrent in a sharp mucro, the tip of one bracteole (and not rarely the entire flower) ± curved.
    Tepal
    Tepals narrowly lanceolate, the outer 2 densely appressed-pilose, narrowly pale-margined with a firm green centre, 6–8.25 mm.; inner 2 ± 0.5–1 mm. shorter, less pilose, 3 nerves sometimes visible in transmitted light only; middle tepal intermediate; all with a rigid, spine-like tip.
    Stamens
    Stamens 2.5–5 mm., the filaments floccose-hairy near the base; pseudostaminodes flabellate, 0.75–1 mm., the margins ± floccose, dorsal scale absent in all material examined.
    Ovary
    Ovary quadrate-obpyriform, slightly compressed, with a faint apical keel.
    Style
    Style slender, (1–)2.5–3.25 mm.
    Fruits
    Capsule turbinate (“drum-shaped”), ± 2.5 mm., with a broad, flat, firm apex; seeds oblong-ovoid, 2–2.25 mm., brown, shining, faintly reticulate.
    Habitat
    Roadside in rocky ground and gritty soil; 900 m.
    Distribution
    T4 widespread in W. Africa eastwards to Kordofan, apparently absent from Zaire, southwards to the Victoria Falls region and central Malawi

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

    Pandiaka involucrata (Moq.) B.D.Jacks. appears in other Kew resources:

    Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
    Jan 1, 1979 Ern, H. [1725], Togo K000452165
    Jan 1, 1972 Geerling, C. [1090], Burkina Faso K000452154
    Jan 27, 1965 Adjanohoun, E.J. [368], Benin K000452167
    Aug 29, 1963 Wilde, W.J.J.O. de [844], Ghana K000452158
    Jan 1, 1951 Jones, A.P.D. [6326], Nigeria K000452176
    Jan 1, 1951 Jones, A.P.D. [5868], Nigeria K000452177
    Apr 13, 1905 Vogel [s.n.] K000243731
    Apr 13, 1905 Vogel [s.n.], Nigeria K000243732 isotype
    Lely, H.V. [581], Nigeria K000452173
    Lely, H.V. [649], Nigeria K000452175
    Hiepko, P. [82], Togo K000452163
    Hiepko, P. [278], Togo K000452166
    Broadbent, J.A. [148], Senegal K000452139
    Talbot, P.A. [s.n.], Nigeria K000452174
    Rose Innes, R. [31629], Ghana K000452155
    Rose Innes, R. [30993], Ghana K000452156
    Hagerup, O. [497], Mali K000452151
    Hagerup, O. [497], Mali K000452169
    Howes, F.N. [1032], Ghana K000452159
    Eimunjeze [68035], Nigeria K000452170
    Adjanohoun, E.J. [200], Benin K000452168
    Clarke, C.B. [944], Nigeria K000452171
    Clarke, C.B. [s.n.], Nigeria K000452172
    Baldwin, J.T. Jr. [13553], Ghana K000452157
    Goodall, D.W. [15857], Ghana K000452162
    Mathey, A. [21], Togo K000452164
    Alves Pereira, J. [1984], Guinea-Bissau K000452152
    Brooks, A.J. [17], Gambia K000452150
    Bartha, R. [1], Niger K000452161
    Stage, E. [67], Togo K000452160

    First published in Index Kew. 2: 409 (1894)

    Accepted by

    • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
    • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau) Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
    • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
    • Aké Assi, L. (2001). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. I Boissiera 57: 1-396.
    • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
    • Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Launert, E. (ed.) (1988). Flora Zambesiaca 9(1): 1-179. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
    • Townsend, C.C. (1985). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Amaranthaceae: 1-136.
    • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.

    Literature

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
    • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau) Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
    • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
    • Aké Assi, L. (2001). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. I Boissiera 57: 1-396.
    • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
    • Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Launert, E. (ed.) (1988). Flora Zambesiaca 9(1): 1-179. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
    • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • Cavaco in Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. B, 13: 133 (1962).
    • Keay in Flora of West Tropical Africa ed. 2, 1: 151 (1954).
    • J. G. Baker & C. B. Clarke in Flora of Tropical Africa 6(1): 67 (1909).
    • B.D. Jackson in Index Kewensis: 409 (1894).

    Sources

    Flora Zambesiaca
    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
    'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0