Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea

Ipomoea alba L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 161 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is a climbing herbaceous tree or liana and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Central American Pacific Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Galápagos, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caroline Is., Central African Republic, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colorado, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, Kermadec Is., Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Line Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Marianas, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Mexico, New South Wales, Nigeria, Norfolk Is., Northern Provinces, Ogasawara-shoto, Pakistan, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Réunion, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Adams, C.D. in Adams, C.D. (1972). Flowering Plants of Jamaica: 601-614. University of the West Indies, Mona.
  • Andrews, F.W. in Andrews, F.W. (1956). Convolvulaceae. The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 102-125. T.Buncle & co., LTD., Arbroath, Scotland.
  • Austin, D. F. & M. Costea in Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, & M. J. Belgrano (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
  • Austin, D. F. (1982). Flora of Ecuador 15: 3-99. Botanical Institute, University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
  • Austin, D.F. & Cavalcante, P.B. (1982). Convolvuláceas da Amazônia. Publicações Avulsas do Museo Goeldi 36: 1-134.
  • Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
  • Austin, D.F. & S. Ghazanfar in E. Nasir & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1979). Convolvulaceae. Flora of West Pakistan 126: 1-64.
  • Austin, D.F. (1975). Convolvulaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 157-224.
  • Austin, D.F. in Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana): 87-88. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Austin, D.F. in Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1161-1190. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Austin, D.F. in Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon Convolvulaceae. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 288-363. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Austin, D.F. in Lasser, T. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Venezuela 8(3): 15-226. Fundación Educación Ambiental.
  • Austin, D.F. in Stevens, W.D. & al. (eds.) (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Nicaragua 1: 653-679. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Austin, D.F. in Steyermark, J., Berry, P.E., Holts, B.K. (eds). (1998). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 4: 377-424. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  • Austin, D.F. in Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, & S.H. Sohmer (1999). Man. Fl. Plts. Hawai'I Convolvulaceae. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'I 1: 548-564. University of Hawaii Press.
  • Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. in Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: i-x, 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
  • Bhellum, B.L. & Magotra, R. (2011). Flora of Jammu and Kashmir state (family Convolvulaceae): a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35: 732-736.
  • Bianchini, R.S., Ferreira, P.P.A. in Forzza, R.C. et al. (2010). Convolvulaceae. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
  • Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Carranza, E. (2007). Convolvulaceae I, in Fl. Bajío. Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes 151: 1-129.
  • Carranza, E. (2015). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 135: 1-128. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Christophersen, E. (1938). Flow. Pl. Samoa II: Convolvulaceae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 154: 37-39.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
  • Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet. M.-H. (1977). Flora of Micronesia 3: Convolvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 36: 1-34.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Gonçalves, M.L. (1987). Convolvulaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(1): 9-129. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Gooding, E.G.B. & A.R. Loveless in Gooding, E.G.B. & A.R. Loveless (1965). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Barbados: 332-344. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Green, P.S. (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Australia 49: 305-310. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Hancock, I.R. & C.P. Henderson (1988). Convolvulaceae. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 131-132.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Heine, H. (1984). Fl. Nouv. Caléd. & Dépend. Convolvulaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 13: 1-91. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Heine, H. in Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1963). Convolvulaceae. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition 2: 335-352 + 496. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations.
  • Hill, A.W. & Sandwith, N. in Williams, R.O. (1953). Fl. Trinidad & Tobago Convolvs.. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(4): 210-240. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jarvis, C.E. in Jarvis, C.E. (2007). Convolvulaceae. Order out of Chaos Linnean Soc. London & Nat. Hist. Museum.
  • Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kartesz, J.T. in Kartesz, J.T. (1994). Convolvulaceae. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland: 217-221. Timber Press.
  • Khan, M.S. (1985). Fl. Bangladesh Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 30: 1-59. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kress, W.J., R.A. DeFilipps, E. Farr, & Y.Y. Kyi in Kress, W.J. et al. (2003). Cklist. Myanmar Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar: 197-201. National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC.
  • Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski (1992). Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37: 21-125.
  • Leon, H. & Alain, H. in Leon, H. (1957). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Cuba 4: 218-248. Cultural S. A., La Habana.
  • Liogier, A.H. in Liogier, A. H. (1994). Convolvulaceae. La flora de la Española 6: 49-114. Universidad Central del Este.
  • Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell in Liogier, H.A. & Martorell, L.F. (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
  • Lisowski, S. in Lisowski, S. (2009). Convolvulaceae. Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée: 136-145. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Long, R. W. & O. Lakela in Long, R. W. & O. Lakela (1976). Convolvulaceae. A flora of tropical Florida: 711-724. Banyan Books.
  • McDonald, Andrew (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Veracruz 77: 1-133. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.
  • McPherson, G. [w/ D.F. Austin] in Braco, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Convolvulaceae. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru: 365-374. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  • Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
  • Mill, R.R. (1999). Fl. Bhutan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bhutan 2(2): 834-862. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Mwanga Mwanga, I.J.-C.M., Sosef, M.S.M. & Simões, A.R.G. (2022). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaïre - Rwanda - Burundi), n.s., Convolvulaceae: 1-252. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise.
  • O'Donell, C.A. (1959). Convolvuloideas de Uruguay. Lilloa 29: 349-376. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Instituto 'Miguel Lillo'.
  • O'Donell, C.A. (1959). Las especies americanas de Ipomoea L. sect. Quamoclit (Moench) Griseb.. Lilloa 29: 19-86. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Instituto 'Miguel Lillo'.
  • Ooststroom, S.J. van & R.D. Hoogland (1953). Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana 4: 388-512. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Powell, Dulcie A. (1979). The Convolvulaceae of the Lesser Antilles. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 219-271.
  • Press, J.R., K.K. Shrestha, & D.A. Sutton (2012). Nepal Cklist. Convolvulaceae. Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal - online Natural History Museum et al.
  • Sachet, M.-H. (1975). Fl. Marquesas Convolvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 23: 27-34.
  • Smith, A.C. in Smith, A.C. (1991). Fl. Vitiensis Nova Convolvulaceae. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 41-69. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Staples, G. (with P. Traiperm) (2010). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Thailand 10: 330-468. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Staples, G., Phoutthavong, K., Traiperm, P. & Pornpongrueng, P. (2014). A corrected and expanded checklist of Convolvulaceae from Lao PDR. Thai Journal of Botany 6: 79-87.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1977). Convolvulaceae. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 219: 97-98, 189.
  • Tisserant, P. Ch. (1950). Catalogue de la flora de l'Oubangui-Chari. Mémoires de l'Institut d'Études Centrafricaines 2: 1-166.
  • Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Verdcourt, B. (1963). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-161.
  • Wagner, W.L. & D.H. Lorence in Wagner, W. L. & D. H. Lorence. (2002-ongoing). Fl. Marquesas CNV - April 2012. 2002-. Flora of the Marquesas Islands website. Smithsonian Institution & National Tropical Bot. Garden.
  • Welsh, S.L. in Welsh, S.L. (1998). Fl. Societensis Convolvulaceae. Flora Societensis: 83-88. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wiggins, I.L. in Wiggins, I.L & D.M. Porter (1971). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Galápagos Islands: 367-383. Stanford University Press.
  • Wood, J.R.I., Carine, M.A., Harris, D., Wilkin, P., Williams, B. & Scotland, R.W. (2015). Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 70(31): 1-124.
  • Wood, J.R.I., Muñoz-Rodríguez P., Williams, B.R.M., Scotland, R.W. (2020). A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1-823.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Hallier, H. (1897). Bausteine zu einer Monographie der Convolvulaceen. 6. Die Gattung Calonyction. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 5: 1020-1052. l'Herbier Boissier. [Cited as Calonyction bona-nox.]
  • Matuda, E. in Matuda, E. (1966). Las Convolvulaceas del estado de Mexico. Las Convolvulaceae del estado de Mexico: 1-56. Govierno del Estado de Mexico, Direccion de Agricultura y Ganaderia. [Cited as Calonyction aculeatum.]
  • Standley, P.C. in Standley, P.A. (1924). Convolvulaceae. Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, Convolvulaceae pp. 1194-1208. 23(4): 1194-1208. Contributions U.S. Natl. Herbar. 23(4) 1924. [Cited as Calonyction aculeatum.]

Kew Bulletin

  • Linnaeus 1753: 161.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Meeuse in Bothalia 6: 765.
  • Sp. Pl. 161 (1753)
  • van Ooststr. in Blumea 3: 547

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Andrews, F.W. in Andrews, F.W. (1956). Convolvulaceae. The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 102-125. T.Buncle & co., LTD., Arbroath, Scotland.
  • Austin, D. F. & M. Costea in Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, & M. J. Belgrano (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
  • Austin, D. F. (1982). Flora of Ecuador 15: 3-99. Botanical Institute, University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
  • Austin, D.F. & Cavalcante, P.B. (1982). Convolvuláceas da Amazônia. Publicações Avulsas do Museo Goeldi 36: 1-134.
  • Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
  • Austin, D.F. & S. Ghazanfar in E. Nasir & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1979). Convolvulaceae. Flora of West Pakistan 126: 1-64.
  • Austin, D.F. (1990). Annotated checklist of New Mexican Convolvulaceae. Sida 14: 273-286.
  • Austin, D.F. in Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1161-1190. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Austin, D.F. in Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon Convolvulaceae. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 288-363. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Austin, D.F. in Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, & S.H. Sohmer (1999). Man. Fl. Plts. Hawai'I Convolvulaceae. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'I 1: 548-564. University of Hawaii Press.
  • Baker, J.G. & A.B. Rendle in Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. et al. (eds.) (1905). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Tropical Africa 4(2): 62-206. Secretary of State for the Colonies.
  • Bhellum, B.L. & Magotra, R. (2011). Flora of Jammu and Kashmir state (family Convolvulaceae): a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35: 732-736.
  • Bianchini, R.S., Ferreira, P.P.A. in Forzza, R.C. et al. (2010). Convolvulaceae. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
  • Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • Brown, F.B.H. (1935). Fl. SE Polynesia Convolvulaceae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130: 237-242.
  • Carranza, E. (2007). Convolvulaceae I, in Fl. Bajío. Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes 151: 1-129.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Clarke, C.B. in Hooker, J.D. (1883). Fl. Br. India Convolvulaceae. Flora of British India 4: 179-228 + 734.
  • Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
  • Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Florence, J., Waldren, S. & Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. (1995). The flora of the Pitcairn islands: a review. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 79-119.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet. M.-H. (1977). Flora of Micronesia 3: Convolvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 36: 1-34.
  • Gagnepain & Courchet in H. Lecomte (1915). Flore Indo-Chine Convolvulaceae. Flore Générale de l'indo-Chine 4: 228-313.
  • Green, P.S. (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Australia 49: 305-310. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Grisebach, A.H.R. in Grisebach, A. H. R. (1862). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the British West Indian Isands: 466-476. Lovell Reeve.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Compendium de la Flore Phanérogamique des Nouvelles Hébrides. Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Geologique Colonial de Marseille, VI, 5-6: 1-56.
  • Hallier, H. (1897). Bausteine zu einer Monographie der Convolvulaceen. 6. Die Gattung Calonyction. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 5: 1020-1052. l'Herbier Boissier.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Heine, H. (1984). Fl. Nouv. Caléd. & Dépend. Convolvulaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 13: 1-91. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Heine, H. in Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1963). Convolvulaceae. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition 2: 335-352 + 496. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations.
  • Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.
  • Hill, A.W. & Sandwith, N. in Williams, R.O. (1953). Fl. Trinidad & Tobago Convolvs.. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(4): 210-240. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
  • Khan, M.S. (1985). Fl. Bangladesh Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 30: 1-59. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski (1992). Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37: 21-125.
  • Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell in Liogier, H.A. & Martorell, L.F. (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
  • Lisowski, S. in Lisowski, S. (2009). Convolvulaceae. Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée: 136-145. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Matuda, E. in Matuda, E. (1966). Las Convolvulaceas del estado de Mexico. Las Convolvulaceae del estado de Mexico: 1-56. Govierno del Estado de Mexico, Direccion de Agricultura y Ganaderia.
  • McPherson, G. [w/ D.F. Austin] in Braco, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Convolvulaceae. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru: 365-374. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  • Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
  • Mill, R.R. (1999). Fl. Bhutan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bhutan 2(2): 834-862. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Ooststroom, S.J. van & R.D. Hoogland (1953). Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana 4: 388-512. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Powell, Dulcie A. (1979). The Convolvulaceae of the Lesser Antilles. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 219-271.
  • Press, J.R., K.K. Shrestha, & D.A. Sutton (2012). Nepal Cklist. Convolvulaceae. Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal - online Natural History Museum et al.
  • Shinners, L. in Correll, D.S. & M.C Johnston (1970). Convolvulaceae. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas: 1241-1261. Texas Research Foundation.
  • Smith, A.C. in Smith, A.C. (1991). Fl. Vitiensis Nova Convolvulaceae. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 41-69. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Staples, G., Phoutthavong, K., Traiperm, P. & Pornpongrueng, P. (2014). A corrected and expanded checklist of Convolvulaceae from Lao PDR. Thai Journal of Botany 6: 79-87.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
  • Verdcourt, B. (1963). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-161.
  • Wagner, W.L. & D.H. Lorence in Wagner, W. L. & D. H. Lorence. (2002-ongoing). Fl. Marquesas CNV - April 2012. 2002-. Flora of the Marquesas Islands website. Smithsonian Institution & National Tropical Bot. Garden.
  • Webb, C.J., W.R. Sykes, & P.J. Garnock-Jones (1988). Fl. New Zealand Convolvulaceae - naturalised. Flora of New Zealand 4: 547-560+1289. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Welsh, S.L. in Welsh, S.L. (1998). Fl. Societensis Convolvulaceae. Flora Societensis: 83-88. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Whitmore, T.C. in Whitmore, T.C. (1966). Guide For. Brit. Solomon Isld. Convolvulaceae. Guide to the Forests of the British Solomon Islands: 187, 191. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Wiggins, I.L. in Wiggins, I.L & D.M. Porter (1971). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Galápagos Islands: 367-383. Stanford University Press.
  • Wiggins, I.L. in Wiggins, I.L. (1980). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Baja California: 373-385. Stanford Univ. Press.
  • Wilder, G. P. (1934). The flora of Makatea CNV. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 120: 1-49.
  • Wilder, G.P. (1931). Fl. Rarotonga Convolvulaceae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 86: 1-113.
  • Wood, J.R.I., Muñoz-Rodríguez P., Williams, B.R.M., Scotland, R.W. (2020). A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1-823.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • L., Sp. Pl. : 161 (1753).
  • Meeuse in Bothalia 6 : 765 (1958).
  • van Ooststr. in Fl. Males., ser. 1, 4 (4) : 480, fig. 53 (1953).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 1, 2006 Harvey, Y.B. [128] Cameroon K000339785 Yes
Jul 1, 2003 Sidwell, K. [403] Cameroon K000008698 Yes
Jul 1, 2003 Gosline, G. [218] Cameroon K000008700 Yes
Jul 1, 2003 Ghogue, J.-P. [470] Cameroon K000008699 Yes
Aug 14, 1996 Gautier, L. [2967] Madagascar K000384521 Yes
Mar 1, 1996 Williams, S. [144] Cameroon K000008695 Yes
Mar 1, 1996 Cable, S. [889] Cameroon K000008697 Yes
Mar 1, 1996 Lane, P. [455] Cameroon K000008696 Yes
Jan 1, 1996 Cheek, M. [7709] Cameroon K000008694 Yes
Jan 1, 1996 Rasoavimbahoaka, F. [755] Madagascar K000384520 Yes
Jan 1, 1988 Manning, S.D. [522] Cameroon K000028518 Yes
Jan 1, 1986 Sperling, C.R.; Secco, R.S.; Condon, M.; Mesquita, A.L.; Ribeiro, B.G.S.; Marinho, L.R. [5782] Brazil K000944596 Yes
Feb 20, 1985 Balfour, I.B. [s.n.] Madagascar K000384524 Yes
Feb 20, 1985 Balfour, I.B. [s.n.] Madagascar K000384523 Yes
Apr 29, 1981 Lowe, J. [3965] Brazil K000944595 Yes
Jan 1, 1979 Spruce, R. [s.n.] K000395037 Yes
Jan 1, 1977 Prance, G.T.; Maas, P.J.M.; Kubitzki, K.; Steward, W.C.; Ramos, J.F.; Pinheiro, W.S.; Lima, J.F. [12008] Brazil K000944592 Yes
Mar 1, 1971 Burchell [8934] Brazil K000944587 Yes
Mar 1, 1971 Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134238 Yes
Mar 1, 1971 Riedel [694] Brazil K000944583 Yes
Mar 1, 1971 Burchell [9078] Brazil K000944588 Yes
Mar 1, 1970 Mooney, H.F. [4053] India K001593168 Yes
Mar 1, 1970 Mooney, H.F. [4053] India K001593167 Yes
Mar 1, 1970 Baron, R. [6494] Madagascar K000384525 Yes
Mar 1, 1970 Zollinger, H. [445] Indonesia K000830797 Unknown Type Material Yes
Mar 1, 1970 Zollinger, H. [445] Indonesia K000830796 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1970 Burchell [8888] Brazil K000944590 Yes
Jan 1, 1970 Spruce, R. [1626] Brazil K000944594 Yes
Jan 1, 1970 Hinton, G.B. [7587] Mexico K000465171 Yes
Jan 1, 1970 Gardner [1771] Brazil K000944585 Yes
Jan 1, 1960 Gevieski, A. [81] Brazil K000944589 Yes
Schatz, G.E.; Lowry II, P.P.; Forero, E. [2721] Madagascar K000384522 Yes
Anton-Smith, J. [305] Gabon K001722671 Yes
Tchouto Mbatchou, G.P. [932] Cameroon K001518634 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [12698] Mexico K000465159 Yes
Barbosa, M.R.; Angeli, C.; Silva, M.M.; Alves, L.C. [115] Brazil K000944586 Yes
Spruce [1626] Brazil K000944593 Yes
Wohlhauser, S.; Andriamalaza, H. [60082] Madagascar K000384519 Yes
Hage, J.L.; Santos, E.B. [1174] Brazil K000944591 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [11195] Mexico K000465170 Yes

Sources

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Bulletin

    • Kew Bulletin
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0