Celastraceae
Euonymus

Euonymus europaeus L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 197 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Europe to Caucasus. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses and as a poison and a medicine.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Krym, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Tadzhikistan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Turkmenistan, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1967). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 2: 1-581. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1-50919.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Ovchinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1981). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 6: 1-725. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
  • Vladimirov, V., Dane, F., Matevski, V. & Kit Tan (2012). New floristic records in the Balkans: 18. Phytologia Balcanica 18: 69-92.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Ovchinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1981). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 6: 1-725. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) (1950). Flora Turkmenii 5: 1-271. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1959). Flora Uzbekistana 4: 1-507. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 7, 2023 Christenhusz, M.J.M. [MC9548] United Kingdom K001527178 Yes
Aug 1, 2020 Christenhusz, M.J.M. [MC9104] United Kingdom K001400700 Yes
Borel, J.M. [s.n.] France K005158579 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161723 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [621] Bulgaria K005158596 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [476] Bulgaria K005158597 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [55] K:SPC-15862.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161661 Yes
Schneider [147] Bulgaria K005158687 Yes
Borel, J.M. [s.n.] France K005158581 Yes
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B4017] Greece K005158593 Yes
Meebold, A. [s.n.] Austria K005158576 Yes
Davis [33576] Russia K005158607 Yes
[L. Genner] [s.n.] Russia K005158606 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161668 Yes
Worsdell, W.C. [137/1] K005158550 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K005158567 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K005158585 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [71] Bulgaria K005158598 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161706 Yes
Thompson, H.S. [s.n.] K005158617 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161673 Yes
[C Maner] [s.n.] K005161656 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161724 Yes
Ross-Craig, S.; Burtt, B.L.; Sealy, J.R. [313] Ireland K005158556 Yes
Vihodzevssky, N. [s.n.] Bulgaria K005158599 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Turkmenistan K005158905 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161641 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005158610 Yes
s.coll. [178] France K005158589 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161676 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [19590] Germany K005158570 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158534 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161644 Yes
[Lamabrée] [s.n.] Belgium K005158566 Yes
Atchley, S.C. [1562] Greece K005158595 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [52] K:SPC-15861.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161691 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158535 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K005158568 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158536 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161667 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Bulgaria K005161693 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161700 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161653 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161725 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K005158616 Yes
Stribrny, V. [s.n.] Bulgaria K005158685 Yes
Šeda, Z. [s.n.] Czech Republic K005158609 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A.; Van Hattum, H.J. [s.n.] K005158563 Yes
[Capt. C.A.G. Beecher] [s.n.] K005161657 Yes
Nicholson, G. [s.n.] K005161646 Yes
Porta, P.; Adr. Fiori [s.n.] Italy K005158603 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K005158582 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158682 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161658 Yes
Nicholson, G. [s.n.] K005161647 Yes
Meebold, A. [s.n.] Germany K005158571 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161728 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161662 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Chater, A.O. [127] Spain K005158592 Yes
Esyn; Fritsch [s.n.] Austria K005158574 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [127] K:SPC-11554.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K005158587 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161677 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161689 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161716 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Bulgaria K005161695 Yes
Joad, G.C. [s.n.] K005161652 Yes
Dr. E. Bonnet; Delacour, Th.; Gaudefroy, E. [s.n.] France K005158584 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K005158615 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161645 Yes
Sjöstrand, G.M. [s.n.] K005158560 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161669 Yes
Edmonds, M.E. [63] K005158551 Yes
Ross-Craig, S.; Burtt, B.L.; Sealy, J.R. [313] Ireland K005158555 Yes
Powell, H.O. [H2686/1930] K005158618 Yes
Pampanini, R. [s.n.] Italy K005158602 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [9934] France K005158590 Yes
D.G. [s.n.] K005158611 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [53] K:SPC-15853.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161696 Yes
Ahlberg, F. [s.n.] K005158559 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161672 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161702 Yes
Reclaire, A. [s.n.] K005158564 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161640 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [30a] K:SPC-15517.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161715 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [141] K:SPC-16434.000 No
Bickham, S.H. [333] K005158620 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158683 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161719 Yes
Bickham, S.H. [333] K005158619 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161655 Yes
Adr. Fiori [s.n.] Italy K005158604 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161663 Yes
Schirajewsky, I. [s.n.] Russia K005158605 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161670 Yes
Davis [33520] Russia K005158608 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161698 Yes
[Jacquemin] [s.n.] Belgium K005158565 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161650 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [612] Ireland K005158553 Yes
Lepschi, B.J.; Whalen, A.J. [4927] Australia K005161438 Yes
Atchley, S.C. [1562] Greece K005158594 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161683 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [140] K:SPC-15858.000 No
Dr. E. Bonnet; Th. Delacour; Gaudefroy, E. [s.n.] France K005158577 Yes
Morris, S. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158681 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [135] K:SPC-11556.000 No
Blakelock, R.A. K:SPC-15518.000 No
Price, W.R. [s.n.] Denmark K005158561 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161718 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [26] K:SPC-15856.000 No
Schuhwerk, F. [92/98] Germany K005158572 Yes
Schneider; Golopencza [1657] Hungary K004116774 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161727 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161654 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K005158552 Yes
Dr. E. Bonnet; Th. Delacour; Gaudefroy, E. [s.n.] France K005158588 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005158549 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161671 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [26127] K005158612 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161675 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161688 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161694 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161664 Yes
Giles, J.J. [33] United Kingdom K001419138 Yes
Schneider [627] Bulgaria K005158684 Yes
Dr. Bonnet; Th. Delacour; Gaudefroy, E. [s.n.] France K005158586 Yes
[Dr. Brennanum] [s.n.] K005158613 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Croatia K005158600 Yes
Cope, T.A. [RBG 342] United Kingdom K000914247 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161726 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161714 Yes
Mattfeld, J. [1942] Croatia K005158601 Yes
Samuelsson, G. [s.n.] K005158562 Yes
Stribrny, V. [s.n.] Bulgaria K005158686 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161651 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005158558 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161717 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161711 Yes
Cousturier, P. [s.n.] K005158614 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161690 Yes
[rev. Garder] [s.n.] Austria K005158575 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161686 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Cruttwell, N.E.G. [6344] K005158548 Yes
Newbould, P.J. [29B] Ireland K005158557 Yes
Schneider [1487] Bulgaria K005158688 Yes
Blakelock, R.A. [139] K:SPC-15857.000 No
Gamble, J.S. [19565] Germany K005158569 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Brummitt, H. [6220] France K005158578 Yes
[H.C. Lewigs] [s.n.] Ireland K005158554 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K005158580 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005161643 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [2391] Albania Euonymus vulgaris K005158624 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [56] Greece Euonymus vulgaris K005158621 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [2391] Albania Euonymus vulgaris K005158623 Yes
Rohlena [s.n.] Euonymus vulgaris K005158622 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0