Xanthium strumarium L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is S. Central & S. Europe to China and Indo-China, Taiwan, NW. Africa. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, France, Greece, Hainan, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Italy, Kriti, Krym, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Manchuria, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Amur, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Central European Russia, Cyprus, Egypt, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Lesser Sunda Is., Madeira, Magadan, Marquesas, Netherlands, New Guinea, North European Russia, Poland, Primorye, Tunisia

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Benedi, C. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora Iberica 16(III): 1453-2353. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
  • Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1992). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 6: 1-428. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) (2007). Flora of Siberia 13: 1-499. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
  • Mehboob-ur-Rahman (2012). Wild plants of Swat, Pakistan 1: 1-281. Department of botany, govt. Jehanzeb post graduate college.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Probatova, N.S. & al. (2006). Flora Rossiĭskogo Dal'nego Vostoka. Dopolneniya i izmeneniya k izdaniyu Sosudistye rasteniya sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka t. 1-8 (1985-1996): 1-454. Russian academy of sciences Far Eastern branch.
  • Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tomasello, S. (2018). How many names for a beloved genus? Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 135-145.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Asteraceae. Flora of China 20-21: 1-992. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 5: 1-451. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of Iraq

  • Abdulridha, Taha & Wedad, Ecol. & Fl. Basra: 229 (2016)
  • Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 251 (1875)
  • Boulos & Hadidi, Weed Fl. Egypt: 45 (1984)
  • Boulos & Hind in Fl. Egypt 3: 229 (2002)
  • Collenette, Wild Flow. Saudi Arabia: 225 (1999)
  • D. Löve in Fl. Europ. 4: 143 (1976)
  • Dinsmore in Post, Fl. Syria, Palest. & Sinai ed. 2, 2: 43 (1933)
  • Feinbrun-Dothan, Fl. Palaest. 3: 323 (1978)
  • Guest in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 27: 108 (1933)
  • Haloob & Al- Kaisi, Illustr. Fl. Lowland Iraq 1(1): 61 (2016)
  • Kupicha in Fl. Turkey 5: 47 (1975)
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753)
  • Rawi & Bunni, ibid. ed. 2, 145: 129 (“Poisonous plants of Iraq”) (1973)
  • Rawi & Chakravarty in Dep. Agr. Iraq Tech. Bull. 15: 98 (1964)
  • Rawi, ibid. Tech. Bull. 14: 126 (1964)
  • Rechinger, Fl. Lowland Iraq: 612 (1964)
  • Taifour & El-Oqlah, Pl. Jordan Ann. Checkl.: 49 (2017).
  • Zohary, ibid. 31: 147 (1950)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2020). http://botsad.ru/media/aux/bp/BP_2020_9_1_vinogradova.pdf. epublication.
  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590. epublication.
  • Benedi, C. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora Iberica 16(III): 1453-2353. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2005-2022). The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by H. Beentje [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • D.J.N. Hind in Fl. Masc. 109: 218, t. 75 (1993).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753).
  • Oliv. & Hiern, Flora of Tropical Africa 3: 371 (1877).
  • Wild in Kirkia 6: 3 (1967).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 1, 2012 Gardner, G. [524] Brazil K000895500 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sep 1, 2012 Gardner, G. [524] Brazil K000895499 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jul 1, 2012 Burchell [4911] Brazil K000955673 Yes
Jul 1, 2012 Burchell [2741] Brazil K000955675 Yes
Vasey, G. [s.n.] K002483711 Yes
Baker, C.F. [1760] United States K001065883 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cramer, L.H. [4884] Sri Lanka K002483471 Yes
Pinterld, G. [430] Poland K002903378 No
Dobson, A.T. [304] Iran K002483262 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [1596] Egypt K002483303 Yes
s.coll. [[58]] Indonesia K002483532 Yes
Phipps, J.B. [2181] Zimbabwe K002483658 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903362 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K001065894 Unknown Type Material Yes
AL-Kaisi [42899] Iraq K002483348 Yes
s.coll. [1446] India K002483518 Yes
Krieger, K.W [s.n.] K002903440 Yes
Todaro [1398] Italy K002903367 No
Zohary, D.; Amdursky, I. [s.n.] Israel K002483273 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K002483521 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [5231] Egypt K002483309 Yes
Tsang, W.T. [21765] China K002483456 Yes
[Blunto] [1446] India K002483520 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [871] Cyprus K002483293 Yes
Tsui, T.M. [707] China K002483458 Yes
Furuse, M. [4266] Japan K002483460 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W1614] Iraq K002483358 Yes
[Helderich] [s.n.] K001065891 Unknown Type Material Yes
Mc Callum Webster, M. [5165] United Kingdom K001045247 No
Brummitt, R.K. [18748] Greece K002903353 No
Laurent [s.n.] France K002903404 Yes
Ovrebo, R.T.; Sladewski, C.M. [W0765] United States K002483716 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K001065888 Type Yes
Bourne [9] India K002483517 Yes
Chun, N.K.; Tso, C.L. [43478] China K002483449 Yes
Kotte, W. [s.n.] Türkiye K002483361 Yes
Shabetai, J.R. [218] Egypt K002483315 Yes
Lazar, Y. [3467] Iraq K002483354 Yes
Womersley, J.S. [NGF43679] Papua New Guinea K002483534 Yes
Todaro [1398] Italy K002903368 No
Barbosa, L.A.G.; de Lemos, F.; G. B. col. [7992] Mozambique K002483652 Yes
Al-Rawi, A. [24930] Iraq K002483333 Yes
[Tweedie] [3550] Kenya K002483643 Yes
Brink, E. [s.n.] South Africa K002483704 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [671] India K002483501 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J.E. [s.n.] India K002483500 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1521] Botswana K002483665 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W 882] Iraq K002483328 Yes
Porta [s.n.] Italy K002903360 No
Ghani, M.I. [4059] Egypt K002483312 Yes
Sledge, W.A. [H2258 1933] United Kingdom K001045248 No
Haines, H.H. [3338] India K002483504 Yes
[K. J. Vergs] [133] China K002483445 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [s.n.] Egypt K002483307 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [605] Serbia K002903376 No
Mokim [s.n.] K002483489 Yes
Lazar, Y. [335] Iraq K002483355 Yes
Béguinot, A. [s.n.] Italy K002903364 No
Rawi; Alizzi [[32403]] Iraq K002483324 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [5518] Zimbabwe K002483659 Yes
[Bourne] [3287] K002483516 Yes
Turrill, W.B. (Dr.) [1084] Italy K002903397 Yes
Anderson, B. [1570] Iran K002483260 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [21386] Thailand K002483528 Yes
Medlam, L. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001045252 Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Thomson, T. [649] India K002483487 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [286] Bulgaria K002903437 Yes
Brahim, J.M. [s.n.] Iraq K002483347 Yes
Haan [71] Hong Kong K002483405 Yes
s.coll. [6350] Uzbekistan K002483392 Yes
Gergely, I. [s.n.] Romania K002903379 No
[Bulbley], E. [s.n.] India K001065887 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rohlena [s.n.] Montenegro K002903375 No
[Hadaě]; Haines; [Waleed] [W 1883] Iraq K002483327 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [53772] United States K002483596 Yes
Lindberg, H. [s.n.] Cyprus K002483291 Yes
Kotschy, C.G.T. [445] Iraq K002483341 Yes
Tsang, W.T. [21765] China K002483455 Yes
Kalema, J. [1420] Uganda K002483630 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [12134] Hong Kong K002483466 Yes
Poilane, E. [20533] Laos K002483529 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903366 No
Marques, A. [2493] Mozambique K002483649 Yes
Meyers, F. [B 215] West Bank K002483274 Yes
Reverchon, E. [s.n.] Spain K002903387 No
Sheriff, A.; K-Hamid; H-Hamɇd [47319] Iraq K002483320 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [496] India K002483497 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [1039] Thailand K002483524 Yes
Mashaly, I.A. [s.n.] Egypt K002483308 Yes
Chuwa, S. [2775] Tanzania K002483641 Yes
Law, M. [s.n.] India K002483508 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [[1509KBS]] Zambia K002483657 Yes
Schultz Bipontinus, C.H.; Kotschy, T.; [Ed. Hohenacker] [s.n.] Iraq K002483340 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [s.n.] Lebanon K002483271 Yes
s.coll. [2063] Greece K002903355 No
Sherff, E.E. [5012] K001065885 Unknown Type Material Yes
Barbosa, L.A.G.; de Lemos, F.; G. B. Col. [8301] Mozambique K002483650 Yes
Gratz [s.n.] Austria K002903395 Yes
Haussknecht, C. [s.n.] Iraq K002483337 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [2404] India K002483482 Yes
Simon, G.; Loi, I.; Raphael, Y. [963] Tanzania K002483639 Yes
Graham, R.A.; Dorny, J.G. [1423 [Dorny] United Kingdom K001045250 No
s.coll. [43886] Iraq K002483331 Yes
Sartwell [s.n.] United States K002483718 Yes
Gvile, D.P.M. [0352] Hong Kong K002483461 Yes
Davis, P.H. [3825] West Bank K002483272 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [7185] Hong Kong K002483463 Yes
Shabetai, J.R. [218] Egypt K002483314 Yes
Chambers, H.L. [29682] Iraq K002483351 Yes
Rawi; Alizzis, C.; [Nuri] [19695] Iraq K002483346 Yes
Kennedy, C.W. [599] Cyprus K002483287 Yes
van der Maesen, L.J.G. Iraq K001768879 Yes
Crisp, P. [190] Iran K002483261 Yes
Rawi; Alizzi, C.; Nuri [19800] Iraq K002483338 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K002483533 Yes
Davis, P.H. [6078 B] Egypt K002483306 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [1607] Egypt K002483300 Yes
Miller, N. [852] Türkiye K002483279 Yes
Guest, E. [308] Iraq K002483325 Yes
Fang, W.P. [5514] China K002483450 Yes
Horsfield, T. [s.n.] Indonesia K002483531 Yes
Eames, A.J.; MacDaniels, L.H. [5266] United States K002483717 Yes
Syngrassides, A. [871] Cyprus K002483292 Yes
Lazar, Y. [334] Iraq K002483352 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903432 Yes
Helfer, D. [3183] India K002483473 Yes
Guinea, E. [391] Spain K002903389 No
Casey, E.C. [932] Cyprus K002483289 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K002903394 Yes
Lazar, Y. [s.n.] Iraq K002483353 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [20167] Thailand K002483526 Yes
Boulos, L. [s.n.] Egypt K002483299 Yes
Thamer; Wedad [47281] Iraq K002483359 Yes
Abd El Ghani, M.M. [s.n.] Egypt K002483304 Yes
Ngoni, J.F. [384] Zimbabwe K002483662 Yes
Buck; Bourgeau, E. [1893] Germany K002903405 Yes
Hoehne, W. [544] Brazil K001031231 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [4458] Saudi Arabia K002483278 Yes
Schultz Bipontinus, C.H.; Kotschy, T.; [Ed. Hohenacker] [s.n.] Iraq K002483339 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Egypt K002483313 Yes
s.coll. [47165] Iraq K002483335 Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Thomson, T. [[74]] India K002483485 Yes
Burchell, J. [2901] Brazil K000955674 Yes
s.coll. [3153] China K002483454 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [[KBS2897]] Zambia K002483655 Yes
Everist, S.L. [7668A] Australia K002483581 Yes
Boivin; Bourbon [s.n.] Mauritius K002483671 Yes
Reverchon, E. [s.n.] Italy K002903372 No
s.coll. [ARI 3] Cyprus K002483295 Yes
Kotschy [319] Sudan K000410238 Type Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [2966] Australia K002483580 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J.E. [s.n.] India K002483499 Yes
Beach, K.H. [42] China K002483453 Yes
Mûsa, A.I. [6495] Egypt K002483301 Yes
Atherton, G.E. [604] Cyprus K002483284 Yes
Widder, F.J. [s.n.] Kenya K002483635 Yes
[Bronfiela] [s.n.] Egypt K002483317 Yes
Reichenbach, H.G. [s.n.] Italy K002903365 No
Bally [B12755] Greece K002903357 No
Kennedy, E.W. [599] Cyprus K002483288 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002903401 Yes
Indebetou, G. [s.n.] Sweden K002903391 No
[Heldreich] [s.n.] K001065892 Unknown Type Material Yes
Orphanides, T.G. [752] Greece K002903408 Yes
[L. Gunner] [s.n.] Russia K002903383 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002903384 No
Herb. Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001045249 No
Long, D.G.; Rae, D.A.H. [202] Botswana K002483664 Yes
Brahim, J.M. [6192] Iraq K002483360 Yes
Riley, J. [48] India K002483514 Yes
s.coll. [6] Egypt K002483319 Yes
Ritchie [1812] India K002483509 Yes
Brown; Shapiro [422] K002483705 Yes
Wild, H. [4031] Zimbabwe K002483661 Yes
s.coll. [47132] Iraq K002483336 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002903402 Yes
Collett, H. [680] India K002483494 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W161] Iraq K002483357 Yes
Gillett [10043] Iraq K002483326 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K002483502 Yes
Philcox, D.; Phillips, S.M.; Weerasooriya, A. [10713] Sri Lanka K002483468 Yes
Drymmer, K. [s.n.] Poland K002903377 No
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K002483479 Yes
Lei, C.I. [468] China K002483446 Yes
Maly, K. [s.n.] Serbia K002903443 No
Nicholas, A.; Bishop, B. [2176] K002483703 Yes
Max well Darling, R.C. [205] Yemen K002483280 Yes
[Carma] [s.n.] Italy K002903410 Yes
[B. S. B. Kutsaira]; [K. Kaunda] [[102]] Malawi K002483654 Yes
Turrill, W.B. (Dr.) [527] Greece K002903358 No
[N. Hiotellis] [468] Cyprus K002483294 Yes
Hart, H.C. [s.n.] West Bank K002483276 Yes
Hülsens [s.n.] Germany K002903407 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [861] Türkiye K002903445 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [s.n.] Lebanon K002483268 Yes
Guest, E. [219] Iraq K002483323 Yes
Abd al-Karim al-Khadhiri [13617] Iraq K002483345 Yes
Furuse, M. [36588] Japan K002483441 Yes
Ghani, M.I. [4513] Egypt K002483302 Yes
Deflers, M. [201] Saudi Arabia K002483255 Yes
Alizzi; Omar, S. [35240] Iraq K002483342 Yes
Ghani, M.I. [2115] Egypt K002483311 Yes
[Vix Linn] [891] Egypt K002483316 Yes
Barbosa, L.A.G.; De Lemos, F.D.; G. B. Col. [8185] Mozambique K002483651 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [7783] Bangladesh K002483503 Yes
Botany Staff [47196] Iraq K002483322 Yes
Furuse, M. [21756] Japan K002483442 Yes
Gandoger, M. [48] Italy K002903369 No
[Bornfcilee] [s.n.] Egypt K002483318 Yes
Tichomirov, V.; Octjabreva, N.; Czamara, L. [721] Russia K002903382 No
Casey, E.C. [954] Cyprus K002483285 Yes
Douglas, D. [s.n.] K001065884 Isotype Yes
Wright, C. [291] Hong Kong K002483408 Yes
Bojer [s.n.] Mauritius K002483669 Yes
Ovrebo, R.T.; Sladewski, C.M. [W0765] United States K002483715 Yes
Mwangangi, O.M.; Kasyoki, W. [1791] Kenya K002483636 Yes
s.coll. [127] Taiwan K002483407 Yes
[B. Vardcourt] [4097] Italy K002903359 No
Luke, P.A.; Luke, W.R.Q. [4518] Kenya K002483632 Yes
[C. Zoelinger] [s.n.] Indonesia K002483530 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903374 No
Rawi; [T. Kriti]; Nuri [29052] Iraq K002483334 Yes
s.coll. [2962] China K002483452 Yes
Jafri, S.M.H. [2399] Pakistan K002483505 Yes
Tsang, W.T. [359] China K002483451 Yes
Perianayagam [26620] India K002483511 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [[1496KBS]] Zambia K002483656 Yes
s.coll. [1598] India K002483519 Yes
Boulos, L.; EI-Ghareeb, R. [s.n.] Egypt K002483298 Yes
s.coll. [43825] Iraq K002483330 Yes
Luke, P.A.; Luke, W.R.Q. [4360] Kenya K002483633 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002903373 No
[G. S-C. Fuller] [216] India K002483490 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K002483522 Yes
Sigara, T.; Ruffo [1134] Tanzania K002483642 Yes
Duthie, J.F.; Gammie, G.A. [18539] India K002483493 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [22256a] India K002483496 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903431 Yes
Heath, A.; Heath, R. [1589] Botswana K002483663 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [956/a] Bulgaria K002903436 Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [2319] Bhutan K002483481 Yes
Bremer, K.; Kers, L.E.; Thorán, L. [80] Sri Lanka K002483472 Yes
Kuchar, P. [24734] Tanzania K002483638 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [5922] Zimbabwe K002483660 Yes
Sedgwick, L.J. [5721] India K002483507 Yes
Sennen (Fr.) [s.n.] K002903386 No
Gergely, I. [s.n.] Romania K002903442 Yes
Alizzi; Omar, S. [35233] Iraq K002483343 Yes
s.coll. [A83] Türkiye K002483362 Yes
[E. W. Jeston] [s.n.] Cyprus K002483296 Yes
Mukerjee, S.K. [507] India K002483483 Yes
Ruffo [1304] Tanzania K002483640 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [861] Türkiye K002903444 Yes
McNeill [814] Türkiye K002483364 Yes
MacKee, H.S. [4203] New Caledonia K002483595 Yes
s.coll. [293] India K002483478 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [22256] India K002483495 Yes
Meebold, A. [347] Italy K002903429 Yes
s.coll. [121] K002903380 No
Holmgren, B. [s.n.] Sweden K002903392 No
French, G.H. [1407] United States K002483713 Yes
Scholes, R. [H257/62/1] Kenya K002483631 Yes
Tsanģ; Funģ [261] China K002483457 Yes
[G. E. Atherton] [683] Cyprus K002483297 Yes
Schimper [1958] Ethiopia K000410237 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903370 No
Hu, S.Y. [8165] Hong Kong K002483465 Yes
Al-Rawi, A. [24289] Iraq K002483332 Yes
Medlin, L.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001045253 Yes
Sherff, E.E. [3094] United States K001065882 Unknown Type Material Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] India K002483491 Yes
Chapman, E. [25382] Iraq K002483344 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [129] France K002903393 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [s.n.] Lebanon K002483270 Yes
Wood, J.R.I. [2983] Yemen K002483282 Yes
Ricketts, V.I. [V-C 5] United Kingdom K001045256 No
Ricketts, V.I. [V-C 5] United Kingdom K001045255 No
Nyárády, E.J. [s.n.] Romania K002903441 Yes
Spellenberg, R. [s.n.] Yemen K002483283 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K002483714 Yes
Tobey [1494] Türkiye K002483363 Yes
Schimper [1343] Ethiopia K000410236 Type Yes
Rossi [s.n.] K002903399 Yes
Schäfer, P.A.; Oliver, R.L. [5227] French Polynesia K002483597 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [3530] Egypt K002483310 Yes
Bordère [s.n.] Spain K002903388 No
Groves, H. [s.n.] Italy K002903434 Yes
[P. S.] [[S161]] France K002903403 Yes
Turrill, W.B. (Dr.) [1084] Italy K002903398 Yes
[Akacashvili] [s.n.] Georgia K002483259 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [140] Lebanon K002483269 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D32831] Türkiye K002483365 Yes
[R. J. Thompson] [12] Mozambique K002483648 Yes
Kennedy, E.W. [598] Cyprus K002483286 Yes
Levine, C.O. [s.n.] China K002483406 Yes
Tsang, W.T. [190] China K002483447 Yes
Thomson, T. [349] K002483480 Yes
Hunt, T.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001045251 Yes
Béguinot, A.; Fiori, Adr. [s.n.] Italy K002903433 Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Thomson, T. [649] India K002483486 Yes
Walter, J. [116] Germany K002903406 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [19882] Thailand K002483525 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903430 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K002903385 No
Turrill, W.B. (Dr.) [922] Slovenia K002903396 Yes
[N. Chistelllis] [435] Cyprus K002483290 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [2890] Egypt K002483305 Yes
Hu, Z.H. [537] China K002483444 Yes
Porta [s.n.] Italy K002903361 No
Gamble, J.S. [14005] India K002483515 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903363 No
Grosovsky, A.M. [3] West Bank K002483275 Yes
Haines, R.W. [W883] Iraq K002483329 Yes
Zargari, A. [s.n.] Iran K002483263 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002903400 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [2930] Saudi Arabia K002483277 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [53386] Jordan K002483265 Yes
Kostermans [24790] Sri Lanka K002483470 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] India K002483477 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K002483498 Yes
McCallum Webster, M. [2181] United Kingdom K001045254 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [20689] Thailand K002483527 Yes
Haddad, S.Y. [9995] Iraq K002483349 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [5790] Hong Kong K002483464 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002903371 No
s.coll. [369] Greece K002903354 No
[Mockee] [[31251]] New Caledonia K002483594 Yes
Philcox, D.; Phillips, S.M.; Weerasooriya, A. [10713] Sri Lanka K002483469 Yes
Talbot [s.n.] Italy K001065893 Type Yes
Stephen Vine, R. [2] Greece K002903352 No
Hu, S.Y. [10388] Hong Kong K002483462 Yes
Rechinger, K.H.; Naib, F. [s.n.] Iraq K002483356 Yes
Tryon, F.G.; Tilden, J.E. [420] French Polynesia K002483598 Yes
Edmonds, M.E. [26] Spain K002903390 No
[M. le Dr Thorel] [[184]] K002483523 Yes
Sahira [35827] Iraq K002483350 Yes
[W. Theber] [s.n.] Greece K002903409 Yes
Schirajewsky, J. [s.n.] Russia K002903381 No
Wheeler Haines, R. [W 69] Iraq K002483321 Yes
[R. B. Spieer] [43] Greece K002903356 No
Gamble, J.S. [4116A] India K002483484 Yes
Liang, H.Y. [62338] China K002483448 Yes
Furuse, M. [4266] Japan K002483459 Yes
Macedo, A.; Macuacua, L.; A. M. col. [1113] Mozambique K002483653 Yes
Amaral, I.L. [107061] Brazil K001031230 Yes
Bouton, M. [s.n.] Mauritius K002483670 Yes
Price, W.R. [956] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483366 Yes
Loral, M. [207] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483369 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483370 Yes
Kupffer, K. [s.n.] Latvia Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903411 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [24536] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483368 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903416 Yes
Thomas [[69]] Switzerland Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903417 Yes
Kotte, W. [s.n.] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483371 Yes
Pierce, S.; Brenan, B. [254] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483367 Yes
[Karo] [s.n.] Lithuania Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903412 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483372 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903415 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Heywood, V.H. [18475] Türkiye Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002483373 Yes
Butler, L. [s.n.] Switzerland Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903418 Yes
Favrat, L.; Barbey, W. [s.n.] Switzerland Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903414 Yes
Samarina, B.; Moiseeva, O. [[1166]] Russia Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium K002903413 Yes
Van der Merwe, C.P. [7204] Xanthium natalense K002483673 Yes
Albrecht [s.n.] Japan Xanthium sibiricum K002483434 Yes
Schindler, A.K. [205] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483412 Yes
Gaudichaud [2330] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483411 Yes
Farrell, A.; Creswell, M. [15] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483401 Yes
Lindsay, N. [s.n.] Iran Xanthium sibiricum K002483264 Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [968] Afghanistan Xanthium sibiricum K002483254 Yes
Chung, H.H. [2544] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483432 Yes
Cowdry, N.H. [897] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483416 Yes
Cavalerie, J. [1193] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483424 Yes
Sinclair, I.W.J.; Long, D.G. [5717] Bhutan Xanthium sibiricum K002483475 Yes
Schindler, A.K. [212] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483413 Yes
Schrenk [s.n.] Xanthium sibiricum K002483403 Yes
Hugo Bohnhof, M. [200] Xanthium sibiricum K002483398 Yes
Licent, A.E. [13] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483410 Yes
s.coll. [315] Xanthium sibiricum K002483393 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthium sibiricum K002483397 Yes
s.coll. [019] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483429 Yes
Nie, M.X. [92227] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483428 Yes
Yong, G.C. [200643676] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483425 Yes
Faurie, U.J. (Revd Père) [134[9]] Japan Xanthium sibiricum K002483435 Yes
Xiao, B.Z. [4614] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483426 Yes
Xiao, B.Z. [3750] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483427 Yes
Delavay (Abbé) [581] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483419 Yes
Crookshank, H. [503] Pakistan Xanthium sibiricum K002483256 Yes
Bedi, R. [656] Bhutan Xanthium sibiricum K002483474 Yes
Turczaninow [s.n.] Xanthium sibiricum K002483395 Yes
Przewalski, N.M. [241] Mongolia Xanthium sibiricum K002483402 Yes
Poilane, E. [[3151]] Japan Xanthium sibiricum K002483431 Yes
Maximowicz [s.n.] Russia Xanthium sibiricum K002483394 Yes
Maire, E.E. [2377] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483421 Yes
s.coll. [453] Xanthium sibiricum K002483400 Yes
Turczaninow [s.n.] Xanthium sibiricum K002483396 Yes
Schneider, C. [2740] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483422 Yes
Licent, A.E. [7134] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483414 Yes
Schoch, O. [159] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483423 Yes
Griffith [90] Afghanistan Xanthium sibiricum K002483252 Yes
[Zafuel] [1508] Korea, South Xanthium sibiricum K002483436 Yes
Maries [s.n.] Japan Xanthium sibiricum K002483433 Yes
[Karo]; Komaróv, V. [1531] Russia Xanthium sibiricum K002483399 Yes
Chow, K.S. [80377] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483430 Yes
Griffith [951] Afghanistan Xanthium sibiricum K002483253 Yes
Maire, E.E. [232] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483420 Yes
Leon, C.J. et al. [TCMK 0473] China Xanthium sibiricum K001926787 No
Chung, H.H. [1764] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483415 Yes
s.coll. [540] China Xanthium sibiricum K002483418 Yes
Oldham, R. [[246]] Taiwan Xanthium sibiricum K002483437 Yes
Oldham, R. [851] Japan Xanthium japonicum K001065889 Type Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan Xanthium japonicum K002483409 Yes
Oldham, R. [883] Japan Xanthium japonicum K001065890 Unknown Type Material Yes
Yong, G.C. [s.n.] China Xanthium mongolicum K002483440 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3181] India Xanthium indicum K001118705 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3181] Xanthium indicum K001118707 Unknown Type Material Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 3181] Xanthium indicum K001118704 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3181] India Xanthium indicum K001118708 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3181] Xanthium indicum K001118709 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3181] Burma Xanthium indicum K001118706 Unknown Type Material Yes
May 1, 1931 Salzmann [s.n.] Algeria Xanthium brasilicum K000410239 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hunt, T.C. [s.n.] Portugal Xanthium brasilicum K002483390 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [s.n.] Morocco Xanthium brasilicum K002483378 Yes
Lid, J. [s.n.] Morocco Xanthium brasilicum K002483377 Yes
s.coll. [673] Xanthium brasilicum K002483391 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Algeria Xanthium brasilicum K002483374 Yes
Chevallier, L.P.D. [s.n.] Algeria Xanthium brasilicum K002483375 Yes
s.coll. [16213] Brazil Xanthium brasilicum K002483787 Yes
Miers, J. [3433] Brazil Xanthium brasilicum K002483788 Yes
Heath, I.B. [391] Morocco Xanthium brasilicum K002483376 Yes

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