Malvaceae Juss.

First published in Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271. 1789 [4 Aug 1789] (1789)nom. cons.
This family is accepted

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

  • Bombacaceae Kunth in Malvac., Buttner., Tiliac. 5. 1822 [20 Apr 1822] (1822)
  • Byttneriaceae R.Br. in Voy. Terra Austral. 540. 1814 [19 Jul 1814] , as 'Buttneriaceae'; conserved here, but also found in the preprint Gen. Rem.: 8 (before 11 July 1814) (1814)nom. cons.
  • Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh in Theoria Syst. Pl. 260. 1858 (1858)
  • Sterculiaceae Vent. in Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69. 1807 [1 May 1807] (1807)nom. cons.
  • Tiliaceae Juss. in Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289. 1789 [4 Aug 1789] (1789)nom. cons.

Accepted Genera

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • APG IV (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385

The Kew Tropical Plant Families Identification Handbook

  • Alverson, W. S., Whitlock, B. A., Nyffeler, R., Bayer, C. & Baum, D. A. (1999). Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 86: 1474–1486.
  • Baum, D. A. (1995). The comparative pollination and floral biology of Baobabs (Adansonia, Bombacaceae.) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 322–348.
  • Baum, D. A., Alverson, W. S. & Nyffeler, R. (1998). A durian by any other name: taxonomy and nomenclature of the core Malvales. Harvard Pap. Bot. 3: 315–330.
  • Bayer, C. & Kubitzki, K. (2003). Malvaceae. In: K. Kubitzki & C. Bayer (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 5: 225–311. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Subfamily Byttnerioideae, pp. 241–247; subfamily Bombacoideae, pp. 271–277; subfamily Malvoideae, pp. 277–311.)
  • Bayer, C., Fay, M. F., De Bruijn, A. Y., Savolainen, V., Mortan, C. M., Kubitzki, K. K., Alverson, W. S. & Chang, M. W. (1999). Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 129: 267–303.
  • Cheek, M. & Dorr, L. (2007). Sterculiaceae. In: H. J. Beentje & S. A. Ghazanfar (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cheek, M. R. (2007). Bombacaceae, p. 65; Brownlowiaceae, p. 71; Byttneriaceae, p. 76; Durionaceae, p. 134; Helicteraceae, p. 165; Malvaceae, pp. 201–202; Pentapetaceae, pp. 247–248; Sparmanniaceae, pp. 307–308; Sterculiaceae, pp. 311–312; Tiliaceae, pp. 321–322. In: V. H. Heywood, R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham & O. Seberg (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Nyffler, R. & Baum, D. A. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships of the durians (Bombacaceae-Durioneae or /Malvaceae/ Helicteroideae/Durioneae) based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Plant Syst. Evol. 224:55–82.
  • Whitlock, B. A., Bayer, C. & Baum, D. A. (2001). Phylogenetic relationships and floral evolution of the Byttnerioideae (Sterculiaceae or Malvaceae s.l.) based on sequences of the chloroplast gene, ndhF. Syst. Bot. 26: 420–437.
  • Wilkie, P., Clark, A., Pennington, R. T., Cheek, M., Bayer, C. & Wilcock, C. C. (2006). Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily Sterculioideae (Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae-Sterculieae) using the chloroplast gene ndhF. Syst. Bot. 31: 160–170.

Neotropikey

  • Alverson, W.S., Karol, K.G., Baum, D.A., Chase, M.W., Swensen, S.M., McCourt, R. & Systma, K.J. (1998).  Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: Evidence from rbcL sequence data. American J. Bot. 85: 876-887.
  • Alverson, W.S., Whitlock, B.A., Nyffeler, R., Bayer, C. & Baum, D.A. (1999).  Phylogeny of core Malvales: Evidence from ndhF sequence data. American J. Bot. 86: 1474-1486.
  • Areces B., F. & Fryxell, P.A. (2007).  Malvaceae. In: Greuter, W. & Rankin R., R. (eds.). Flora de la República de Cuba, fasc. 13, pp. 1-228. A.R. Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell.
  • Baum, D.A., Smith, S.D., Yen, A., Alverson, W.S., Nyffeler, R., Whitlock, B.A., & Oldham, R.L. (2004).  Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences. American J. Bot. 91: (1863)-(1871).
  • Bayer, C. & Kubitzki, K. (2002).  Malvaceae: subfamily Malvoideae. In: Kubitzki, K. & Bayer, C. (eds.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. V, pp. 277-311. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Bayer, C. (1999).  The bicolour unit - homology and transformation of an inflorescence structure unique to core Malvales. Plant Syst. Evol. 214: 187-198.
  • Bayer, C., Fay, M.F., Bruijn, A.Y. de, Savolainen, V., Morton, C.M., Kubitzki, K., Alverson, W.S. & Chase, M.W. (1999).  Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analusis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 267-303.
  • Bovini, M.G., Esteves, G. & Duarte, M.C. (2010). Malvaceae. In: Forzza, R.C. et al. (eds.). Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, pp. 1201-1227. Institúto de Pesquisas Jardím Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
  • Cheek, M.R. (2007). Malvaceae. In: Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A & Seberg, O. (eds.). Flowering Plant Families of the World, pp. 201-202. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond.
  • Dorr, L.J. (2008).  Malvaceae. In: Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela, pp. 458-464. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela Dr. Tobias Lasser, Caracas.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1988).  Malvaceae of Mexico. Systematic Botany Monographs vol. 25, pp. 522.  The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Ann Arbor.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1989).  Malvaceae. In: Howard, R.A. (ed.). Flora of the Lesser Antilles: Leeward and Windward vol. 5, pp. 199-263. Jamaica Plain, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1990).  Malvaceae. In: Breedlove, D.E. (ed.). Flora of Chiapas vol 3, pp. 1-90. California Academy of Sciences.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1992)a.  Malvaceae. In: Harling, G. & Andersson, L. (eds.). Flora of Ecuador 44 (118), pp. 1-141. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Gothenburg.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1992)b.  Malvaceae. In: Gomez-Pampa, A. (ed.). Flora de Veracruz, fasc. 68, pp. 1-255. Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1993)a.  Malvaceae. In: Rzedowski, J. & Calderón de Rzedowski, G. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes fasc. 16, pp. 1-175. Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1993)b.  Malvaceae. In: Flora del Valle de Tehuacan-Cuitcatlan fasc. 1, pp. 1-87. Universidad Nacional Autonomia de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1997).  The American genera of Malvaceae II. Brittonia 49: 204-269.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (1999).  Pavonia cavanilles (Malvaceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 76: 1-284.  New York Botanical Garden Press, New York.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (2001)a.  Malvaceae. In: Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.). Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana vol. 6, pp. 186-219.  Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (2001)b.  Malvaceae. In: Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (eds.). Flora de Nicaragua tomo II, pp. 1293-1322. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden vol. 85.  St. Louis.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (2004).  Malvaceae. In: Smith, N., Mori, S.A., Henderson, A., Stevenson, D.W. & Heald, S.V. (eds.). Flowering Plants of the Neotropics, pp. 232-235. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Fryxell, P.A. (2007).  Malvaceae. In: Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica vol. 6, pp. 313-373. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • García, P.E., Schönswetter, P., Aguilar, J.F., Feliner, G.N., & Schneeweiss, G.M. (2009).  Five molecular markers reveal extensive morphological homoplasy and reticulate evolution in the Malva alliance (Malvaceae). Mol. Phyl. Evol. 50: 226-239.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. (1999).  Malvaceae. In: Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador, pp. 548-554. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Krapovickas, A. (1965).  Malvaceae. In: Cabrera, A.L. (ed.). Flora de la Província de Buenos Aires vol. 4, pp. 169-220. I.N.TA. y Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires.
  • Krapovickas, A. (2008).  Malvaceae. In: Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur vol. 3, pp. 2463-2520. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • La Duke, J.C. & Doebley, J. (1995).  A chloroplast DNA based phylogeny of the Malvaceae. Syst. Bot. 20: 259-271.
  • Marticorena, A. (2005).  Malvaceae. In: Marticorena, C. & Rodrígues, R. (eds.). Flora de Chile vol. 2(3), pp. 22-119. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción.
  • Nyffeler, R., Bayer, S., Alverson, S.A., Yen, A., Whitlock, B.A., Chase, M.W., Baum, D.A. (2005).  Phylogenetic analysis of the Malvadendrina clade (Malvaceae s.l.) based on plastid DNA sequences.  Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5: 109-123.
  • Pfeil, B.E. & Crisp, M.D. (2005).  What to do with Hibiscus? A proposed nomenclatural resolution for a large and well known genus of Malvaceae and comments on paraphyly. Australian Syst. Bot. 18: 49-60.
  • Pfeil, B.E., Brubaker, C.L., Craven, L.A. & Crisp, M.D. (2002).  Phylogeny of Hibiscus and tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) using chloroplast DNA sequences of ndhF and the rpl16 intron. Syst. Bot. 27: 333-350.
  • Pool, A. & Brako, L. (1993). Malvaceae. In: Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (eds.). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru, pp. 643-664. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden vol. 45. St. Louis.
  • Robyns, A. (1966).  Malvaceae, family 115. In: Woodson, R.E. & Schery, R.W. (eds.) Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 497-578.
  • Stevens, P. F. (2001) onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June (2008) (visited 9th Feb. (2011). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/.
  • Tate, J.A., Aguilar, J.F., Wagstaff, S.J., La Duke, J.C., Slotta, T.A.B. & Simpson, B.B. (2005). Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data. American J. Bot. 92: 584-602.

Trees of New Guinea

  • Alverson, W.S., Whitlock, B.A., Nyffeler, R., Bayer, C. & Baum, D.A. (1999). Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 86: 1474–1486.
  • Baum, D.A., Dewitt Smith, S., Yen, A., Alverson, W.S., Nyffeler, R., Whitlock, B.A. & Oldham, R.L. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 91: 1863–1871.
  • Bayer, C. & Kubitzki, K. (2003). Malvaceae. In: K. Kubitzki & C. Bayer (eds.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 5: 225–311.
  • Bayer, C., Fay, M.F., De Bruijn, A.Y., Savolainen, V., Morton, C.M., Kubitzki, K., Alverson, W.S. & Chase, M.W. (1999). Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 129: 267–303.
  • LaFrankie, J. (2010). Trees of Tropical Asia. Black Tree Publications. (Malvaceae, pp. 462–490).
  • Laura V.S. Jennings & Timothy M.A. Utteridge (2022). Trees of New Guinea. Timothy M. A. Utteridge and Laura V. S. Jennings (Eds) Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

The Kew Temperate Plant Families Identification Handbook

  • Bayer, C. & Kubitzki, K. (2002). Malvaceae. In: K. Kubitzki & C. Bayer (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, V: 225–311. Springer Verlag, Berlin & Heidelberg. 212 213
  • Cheek, M. R. (2007). Malvaceae. In: V. H. Heywood, R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham & O. Serberg (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World, pp. 201–202. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fryxell, P. A. (1997). The American genera of Malvaceae—II. Brittonia 49 (2): 204–269. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
  • Hanes, M. M. (2015). Malvaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds), Flora of North America 6: 187–375. Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Sources

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Neotropikey

    • Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Trees of New Guinea

    • Trees of New Guinea
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • The Kew Temperate Plant Families Identification Handbook

    • The Kew Temperate Plant Families Identification Handbook
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • The Kew Tropical Plant Families Identification Handbook

    • The Kew Tropical Plant Families Identification Handbook
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0