Meliaceae
Carapa

Carapa guianensis Aubl.

First published in Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 32 (1775)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical America. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Leeward Is., Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Kenfack, D. (2011). A synoptic revision of Carapa (Meliaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 16: 171-231.
  • Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Grenand, P., Engel, J., Frame, D., Delprete, P.G., Fleury, M., Odonne, G., Davy, D., Lucas, E.J. & Martin, C.A. (2022). An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature. Adansonia, sér. 3, 44: 345-903.
  • Monro, A.K., González, F., Santamaría, D., Chacón, O., Rodríguez, A., Solano, D. Zamora, N. & Correa, M. (2011). A first checklist to the vascular plants of La Amistad International Park (PILA), Costa Rica-Panama. Phytotaxa 322: 1-283.
  • Mota de Oliveira, S. & Jansen-Jacobs, M.J. (eds.) (2016). Flora of the Guianas, Series A 31: 1-169. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. (2017). Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 1, 1979 Ule, E. [8893] Brazil K000380063 Type Yes
Sep 1, 1979 Tate, R. [46 (338)] Nicaragua K000380062 Holotype Yes
Higgins, J.; Paris, P. [127A] Dominica K004793233 Yes
Aitken, J.B. [s.n.] Guyana K004793249 Yes
Aitken, J.B. [966] Guyana K004793248 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [72] Venezuela K004793383 Yes
Gentry, A.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Heredia, M.D. [56780] Ecuador K004793379 Yes
Balée, W.L.; Ribeiro, B.G. [[1492]] Brazil K004793298 Yes
Gentry, A.; Vásquez, R. [42418] Peru K004793400 Yes
Tipaz, G.; Aulestia, C.; Llanos, A. [2090] Ecuador K004793399 Yes
Gentry, A. [35620] Colombia K004793375 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L.; Salecedo; Zapata [11-1-77] Venezuela K004793387 Yes
Beard, P. [1296] Grenada K004793236 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [1294] Venezuela K004793395 Yes
Balée, W.L.; Ribeiro, B.G. [[1505]] Brazil K004793299 Yes
Faber-Langendoen, D.; Renteriá, E. [1019] Colombia K004793381 Yes
Velazco, J. [3] Venezuela K004793382 Yes
Cid, C.A.; et al. [8628] Brazil K004793309 Yes
Flórez, M.; Fernández, M.; Diaz, J.; Gómez, S.E.; Mosquera, L.J.; Palanca, M.; Murillo, C.; Potes, A.; Cordoba, A.; Carlos [MAFP_893] Colombia K001769302 Yes
Monsalve, M. [1127] Colombia K004793376 Yes
Vargas, A.A. [70-AAV] Peru K004793401 Yes
Daly, D.C.; Campbell, D.G.; Silva, A.S.; Bahia, R.P.; Dos Santos, M.R.; Bastos, N.C. [D154] Brazil K004793307 Yes
Campbell, D.G.; Stone, J.L.; Rosas Jr., A.; Derzi, F.B. [10984] Brazil K004793305 Yes
Oldeman [102] French Guiana K004793252 Yes
Balée, W.L.; Ribeiro, B.G. [374] Brazil K004793313 Yes
Ramage, G.A. (Mr) [s.n.] Dominica K004793234 Yes
Balée, W.; Ribeiro, B. [2725] Brazil K004793301 Yes
Jativa, C.; Epling, C. [1113] Ecuador K004793398 Yes
Vargas, A.A. [70-AAV] Peru K004793403 Yes
Schomburgk [815] Guyana K004793244 Yes
Balée, W.; Ribeiro, B. [2821] Brazil K004793303 Yes
Faber-Langendoen, D.; Renteriá, E. [621] Colombia K004793380 Yes
Thomsen, K. [493] Costa Rica K004793212 Yes
Balée, W.L.; Ribeiro, B.G. [1243] Brazil K004793304 Yes
Robles, R.; Herrera, G.; Flores, L.; Rojas, M. [2057] Costa Rica K004793210 Yes
Bernardi, A.L.; Puza, J.J. [7511311/Bu] Venezuela K004793386 Yes
Balée, W.L.; Ribeiro, B.G. [1255] Brazil K004793302 Yes
Prevost, M.F.; Sabatier, D. [2835] French Guiana K004793255 Yes
Smith, H.; Smith, G.W. [s.n.] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K004793237 Yes
Thomsen, K. [563] Costa Rica K004793211 Yes
Jenman [2054] Guyana K004793258 Yes
Campbell, D.G.; Rabelo, B.; Mori, S.; Daly, D. [15268] Brazil K004793310 Yes
Higgins, J.; Paris, P. [127A] Dominica K004793232 Yes
Boom, B.; Gopaul, D.; Taylor, P.G. [8079] Guyana K004793241 Yes
Silveira, M.; Daly, D.; Saraiva, R.; Walthier, F.; Silva, D.; Pardo, M. [704] Brazil K004793296 Yes
Steyermark, J.A. [93130] Venezuela K004793389 Yes
Beard, J.S. [574] Grenada K004793235 Yes
Hoffman, B.; Aymard, G. [3967] Guyana K004793243 Yes
Fuchs, H.P.; Zanella, L. [21879] Colombia K004793377 Yes
Dwyer, J.D. [12853] Belize K004793207 Yes
Stone, J.L.; Rosas Jr., A. [9948] Brazil K004793306 Yes
Hahn, W.; Tiwari, S. [5199] Guyana K004793250 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [270] Venezuela K004793396 Yes
Robles, R.; Herrera, G.; Flores, L.; Rojas, M. [2057] Costa Rica K004793209 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [132] Venezuela K004793393 No
Dawe, M.T. [s.n.] Colombia K004793414 Yes
s.coll. [903] Guyana K004793260 Yes
Dawe, M.T. [884] Colombia K004793413 Yes
s.coll. [902] Guyana K004793261 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [136] Venezuela K004793397 Yes
de Granville [T-1093] French Guiana K004793254 Yes
Moretti, J. [6] Guyana K004793251 Yes
Balée, W.; Ribeiro, B. [2740] Brazil K004793308 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guyana K004793247 Yes
Zartman, C.E. [6092] Brazil K004793297 Yes
s.coll. [969] Guyana K004793245 Yes
Buza, J.J. [[7589Bu/389]] Venezuela K004793391 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [1294] Venezuela K004793394 Yes
de Granville [T-1093] French Guiana K004793253 Yes
Dwyer, J.D. [12853] Belize K004793208 Yes
Prévost, M.F.; Sabatier, D. [2835] French Guiana K004793256 Yes
Persaud, A.C. [33] Guyana K004793259 Yes
Monsalve, M. [1365] Colombia K004793378 Yes
Campbell, D.G.; Rabelo, B.; Mori, S.; Daly, D. [10343] Brazil K004793311 Yes
Balée, W.L.; Ribeiro, B.G. [[1502]] Brazil K004793300 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guyana K004793246 Yes
Rusby, H.H.; Squires, R.W. [135] Venezuela K004793384 Yes
Vargas, A.A. [70-AAV] Peru K004793402 Yes
Castillo, A. [708] Venezuela K004793390 Yes
Boom, B.; Gopaul, D.; Taylor, P.G. [8079] Guyana K004793242 Yes
Vargas, A.A. [70-AAV] Peru K004793404 Yes
Bernardi [2123] Venezuela K004793392 Yes
Campbell, D.G.; Rabelo, B.; Mori, S.; Daly, D. [15262] Brazil K004793312 Yes
Marcano-Berti, L. [139] Venezuela K004793388 Yes
Villiers, J.F.; Feuillet, C. [2007] French Guiana K004793257 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Kew's Living Collection Database

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0