Acanthaceae
Nicoteba

Nicoteba betonica (L.) Lindau

First published in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 56 (1893)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa, Indian Subcontinent. It is a perennial or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a medicine and invertebrate food and has environmental uses.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Bangladesh, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Colombia, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Guyana, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Panamá, Solomon Is., Vanuatu

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Cited as Justicia betonica.]

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Begum, M. & Khan, M.S. (2001). Justicia vahlii Roth. (Acanthaceae)- A new Angiospermic record for Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 30: 73-74.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1998). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 12: 1-390. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(1): 1-904. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Heine, H. (1976). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7: 1-212. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 1, 2019 Massunde, J. [JM725] Mozambique Justicia betonica K001346333 Yes
Nov 1, 2007 Kuchar, P. [23274] Tanzania Justicia betonica K000438390 No
Nov 1, 2007 Kuchar, P. [24395] Tanzania Justicia betonica K000438388 No
Nov 1, 2007 Kuchar, P. [22320] Tanzania Justicia betonica K000438389 No
Jan 1, 2003 Scott Elliot, G.F. [6647] Kenya Justicia betonica K000419116 Syntype Yes
Jan 1, 2003 Whyte, A. [s.n.] Malawi Justicia betonica K000419262 Type Yes
Jan 1, 2003 Scott Elliot, G.F. [8120] Uganda Justicia betonica K000419115 Type Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 2433] Burma Justicia betonica K001115942 Unknown Type Material Yes
Welwitsch [5111] Angola Justicia betonica K000419260 Unknown Type Material Yes
Schimper [516] Ethiopia Justicia betonica K000419162 Unknown Type Material Yes
Griffiths [s.n.] India Justicia betonica K000884021 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [736] India Justicia betonica K000884019 Unknown Type Material Yes
Burke [s.n.] South Africa Justicia betonica K000378534 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115943 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115945 Unknown Type Material Yes
Greenway, P.J. [9938] Tanzania Justicia betonica K:SPC-25137.000 No
Clarke, C.B. [20196] India Justicia betonica K001129739 Type Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115944 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115941 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nichols, G. [1202] South Africa Justicia betonica K:SPC-57255.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115949 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gossweiler, J. [1071] Angola Justicia betonica K000419261 Isotype Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115951 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115952 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hornby, R.M. [92B] Tanzania Justicia betonica K:SPC-04240.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115946 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich [2663] India Justicia betonica K000884020 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hornby, R.M. [92A] Tanzania Justicia betonica K:SPC-13083.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115950 Unknown Type Material Yes
Williamson, J. [s.n.] South Africa Justicia betonica K000378537 Syntype Yes
Holst, C. [3491] Tanzania Justicia betonica K000419268 Unknown Type Material Yes
Burke [514] South Africa Justicia betonica K000378533 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115947 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cooper, T. [3114] South Africa Justicia betonica K000378532 Holotype Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115948 Unknown Type Material Yes
Drege [s.n.] South Africa Justicia betonica K000378536 Type Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2433] Justicia betonica K001115953 Unknown Type Material Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [2289] Tanzania Justicia betonica K:SPC-13091.000 No
Harvey [s.n.] South Africa Justicia betonica K000378535 Type Yes
Vahl [1994] India Justicia trinervia K000884018 Unknown Type Material Yes
Vahl [1994] India Justicia trinervia K000884017 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2446] Justicia trinervia K001116048 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2446] Justicia trinervia K001116050 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2446] Justicia trinervia K001116049 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Plants and People Africa

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    • © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0