Meliaceae
Carapa

Carapa procera DC.

First published in Prodr. 1: 626 (1824)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is W. Tropical Africa to Central African Republic. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Doubtfully present in:

Guyana

Native to:

Brazil North, Burkina, Central African Republic, French Guiana, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Suriname

Introduced into:

Vietnam

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). Vasc. Pl. Dzanga-Sangha: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Kenfack, D. (2011). A synoptic revision of Carapa (Meliaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 16: 171-231.
  • Kimpouni, V., Apani, E. & Motom, M. (2013). Analyse phytoécologique de la flore ligneuse de la Haute Sangha (République du Congo). Adansonia, sér. 3, 35: 107-134.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Styles, B.T. & White, F. (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Meliaceae: 1-67.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aubrév. Fl. For. C. Iv. 2: 125, t. 175
  • Chev. Bot. 115
  • Harms in E. & P. Pflanzenfam 19B, 1: 80, fig. 16, A–E, fig. 17, fig. 18
  • Kennedy For. Fl. S. Nig. 159
  • Pellegr in Notulae Syst. 9: 27
  • Prod. 1: 626 (1824)
  • Staner in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 16: 116.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). Vasc. Pl. Dzanga-Sangha: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Kenfack, D. (2011). A synoptic revision of Carapa (Meliaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 16: 171-231.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • C.DC. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 716 (1878).
  • DC., Prodr. 1: 626 (1824).
  • Excell & Mendonça in Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 311 (1951).
  • Harms in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907-1908, 2 (Botanik) p. 433 (1912).
  • Keay in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 702 (1958).
  • Pellegrin in Not. Syst. 9: 27 (1940).
  • Staner & Gilbert in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 7: 197 (1958).
  • Styles in Pennington, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 28: 414, fig. 84, map 86 (1981).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jul 1, 2002 Kenfack, D. [278] Cameroon K000027360 No
Jan 1, 1996 Sonké, B. [1139] Cameroon K000381503 No
Jan 1, 1996 Ndam, N. [1315] Cameroon K000038147 No
Jan 1, 1996 Sonké, B. [1069] Cameroon K000008890 No
Jan 1, 1996 Ndam, N. [1110] Cameroon K000381509 No
Jan 1, 1996 Watts, J. [1123] Cameroon K000008889 No
Jan 1, 1996 Mbani, J., M. [379] Cameroon K000381508 No
Jan 1, 1996 Fraser, P. [356] Cameroon K000381505 No
Jan 1, 1996 Ndam, N. [1068] Cameroon K000381507 No
Jan 1, 1996 Ndam, N. [1068] Cameroon K000381506 No
Jan 1, 1992 Wheatley, J.I. [184] Cameroon K000008894 No
Jan 1, 1992 Wheatley, J.I. [184] Cameroon K000008892 No
Jan 1, 1992 Wheatley, J.I. [184] Cameroon K000008893 No
Jan 1, 1987 Nemba, J. [109] Cameroon K000094071 No
Jun 1, 1969 Daramola, B., O. [FHI 29818] Cameroon K000073320 No
Jun 1, 1969 Daramola, B., O. [FHI 29818] Cameroon K000073319 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1348] Cameroon K000093748 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [469] Cameroon K000093756 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [430] Cameroon K000093760 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1348] Cameroon K000093749 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [469] Cameroon K000093755 No
Jan 1, 1958 Chevalier, A. [461] Guinea K000380056 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1958 Mann, G. [8] Cameroon K000093752 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073326 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073322 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073325 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073323 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073327 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073321 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1349] Cameroon K000073324 No
Jan 1, 1958 Chevalier, A. [14503] Sao Tome and Principe K000380057 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1348] Cameroon K000093750 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [469] Cameroon K000093757 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533a] Cameroon K000105002 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1350] Cameroon K000094063 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093746 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093741 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093742 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093745 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093744 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093740 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533] Cameroon K000093743 No
Jan 1, 1958 Mann, G. [8] Cameroon K000093753 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [430] Cameroon K000093759 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1348] Cameroon K000093747 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [469] Cameroon K000093754 No
Jan 1, 1958 Zenker, G.A. [4944] Cameroon K000380058 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1958 Mann, G. [8] Cameroon K000093751 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [533a] Cameroon K000105001 No
Jan 1, 1958 Maitland, T.D. [1350] Cameroon K000093758 No
Bos, J.J. [2461] Liberia K004793006 Yes
Onyeachusim; Latilo [FHI54025] Nigeria K004793044 Yes
Simbiano, F.J.; Diabaté, M.; Konaté, L.; Kolié, M. [188] Guinea K001970491 No
Simbiano, F.J.; Diabaté, M.; Konaté, L.; Kolié, M. [225] Guinea K001970480 No
Toussaint, L. [165] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793142 Yes
Tuley, P. [2287] Nigeria K004793042 Yes
Harley, W.J. [2245] Liberia K004793007 Yes
Gilbert [1109] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793133 Yes
Latilo, M.G. [FHI21698] Nigeria K004793048 No
Onochie, C. [FHI14660] Nigeria K004793034 Yes
Zenker, G.A. [2786] Cameroon K004793108 Yes
Aubréville [67] Cote d'Ivoire K004793017 Yes
Devred, R. [37] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793136 Yes
Eimunjeze; Ekwuno; Onijamowo [FHI69965] Nigeria K004793047 Yes
Bos, J.J. [2118] Liberia K004793005 Yes
Bamps, P. [2193] Cote d'Ivoire K004793016 Yes
Verstraete, B. [550] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793124 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [10008] Liberia K004793009 Yes
[W.H. Johnson] [295] Australia K004793018 Yes
TDM [1349] Nigeria K004793040 Yes
Harley, W.J. [707] Liberia K004793013 Yes
Onochie, C. [FHI14660] Nigeria K004793035 Yes
Linder, D.H. [905] Liberia K004793000 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [10008] Liberia K004793010 Yes
Van Harten, A.M. [209] Liberia K004793002 Yes
Compère [413] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793138 Yes
Letouzey, R. [4326] Cameroon K004793117 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5525] Sierra Leone K004792997 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [5279] Cameroon K004793118 Yes
Thompson, W.C. (Revd) [29] Nigeria K004793049 Yes
Binuyo, A. [FHI41420] Nigeria K004793033 Yes
Breteler, F.J. [2655] Cameroon K004793116 Yes
Liben, L. [3557] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793140 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [539] Cameroon K001518015 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [539] Cameroon K001518016 Yes
Cheek, M.; Molmou, D.; Balde, A. [18970] Guinea K001310629 Yes
Cheek, M.; Molmou, D.; Balde, A. [18970] Guinea K001310630 Yes
Emwiogbon, J.A. [FHI45327] Nigeria K004793027 Yes
Moor [2201] Australia K004793021 Yes
Zenker; Staudt [731] Cameroon K004793112 Yes
s.coll. [201] Nigeria K004793054 Yes
[A.H. Irwin] [212] Nigeria K004793026 Yes
[de Bois] [3247] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793141 No
Talbot, P.A. [1] Nigeria K004793051 Yes
Latilo [FHI67753] Nigeria K004793029 Yes
Redhead, J.; Bevan, C.W.L. [FHI50165] Nigeria K004793041 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [s.n.] Cote d'Ivoire K004793015 Yes
Binuyo, A. [FHI41412] Nigeria K004793032 Yes
Herman [2032] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793135 Yes
Talbot, P.A. [1] Nigeria K004793050 Yes
Onochie, C. [FHI14660] Nigeria K004793036 Yes
Onochie, C. [FHI14660] Nigeria K004793037 Yes
Samai, S.K. [274] Sierra Leone K004792996 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5525] Sierra Leone K004792998 Yes
Verstraete, B. [565] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793125 Yes
Onochie, C.F.A. [FHI31894] Nigeria K004793038 No
Buade, E. [9052] Nigeria K004793039 Yes
Aubréville, M. [720] Cote d'Ivoire K004793014 Yes
Emwiogbon, J.A. [FHI45327] Nigeria K004793028 Yes
Toussaint, L. [2471] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793130 Yes
Breteler, F.J. [2655] Cameroon K004793115 Yes
Harley, W.J. [870A] Liberia K004793011 Yes
Onyeachusim; Latilo [FHI54025] Nigeria K004793045 Yes
Cooper, G.P. [334] Liberia K004793004 Yes
Onyeachusim; Latilo [FHI54025] Nigeria K004793043 Yes
Linder, D.H. [1156] Liberia K004793003 Yes
s.coll. [2032] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793137 Yes
Gilbert [1109] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793134 Yes
Verstraete, B. [566] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793127 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [9409] Liberia K004792999 Yes
Thornewill, A.S. [220] Nigeria K004793053 Yes
Mildbraed, J. [8237] Cameroon K004793113 Yes
Toussaint, L. [2485] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793131 Yes
Zenker, G.A. [1822] Cameroon K004793109 Yes
[Chipp] [320] Australia K004793020 Yes
Morton; Jarr [SL1696] Sierra Leone K004792994 Yes
Mildbraed [9681] Cameroon K004793111 Yes
Cummins, H.A. [112] Australia K004793019 Yes
Samai, S.K. [274] Sierra Leone K004792995 Yes
Latilo [FHI67753] Nigeria K004793030 Yes
Ngoka, G. [FHI36638] Nigeria K004793031 Yes
s.coll. [212] Nigeria K004793055 No
Mildbraed [9681] Cameroon K004793110 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [10284] Liberia K004793001 Yes
Eimunjeze; Ekwuno; Onijamowo [FHI69965] Nigeria K004793046 Yes
Amshoff, G.J.H. [922] Cote d'Ivoire K000386689 No
Dalziel, J.M. (Dr.) [1372] Nigeria K004793052 Yes
Louis, J. (Dr.) [2711] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793139 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [10051] Liberia K004793012 Yes
Breteler, F.J. [2655] Cameroon K004793114 Yes
Gilbert [242] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793129 Yes
Harley, W.J. [707] Liberia K004793008 Yes
Gilbert [1109] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793132 Yes
Verstraete, B. [563] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K004793126 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0