- Family:
- Fabaceae Lindl.
- Genus:
- Hymenaea L.
Hymenaea cangaceira R.B.Pinto, Mansano & A.M.G.Azevedo
[KBu]
Barbosa Pinto R et al. 2017. On the “Cangaço” route: a new species of Hymenaea (Leguminosae) from the Brazilian Caatinga. Kew Bulletin 72:42. DOI 10.1007/S12225-017-9713-6
- Conservation
- Based on the IUCN Redlist criterion B1 (IUCN2016, Extent of Occurrence), the species’ relatively large geographical distribution (EOO=536,602 Km2) implies that it should be placed in the Least Concern category (LC).
- Distribution
- Hymenaea cangaceira occurs in the Caatinga region of Northeastern Brazil, usually on sandy or rocky soils.
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees to c. 10 m, rarely taller; bark striate, light to dark brown, with lenticels; exudate not observed; branch- lets terete in cross section, 5 - 9 mm thick, glabrescent
- Morphology Leaves Petiole
- Petioles terete, basally and apically enlarged, 8 - 15 mm long, glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent; petiolules twisted, 2.7 - 5.9 mm long, glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent; leaflet blades chartaceous, ovate to broadly-elliptic, c. 2x longer than wide, 5.1 - 6.8 x 2.9 - 4 cm, glabrous, the base rounded, asymmetric, the apex usually retuse to rounded, rarely slightly acuminate, the adaxial surface lustrous, the midrib and secondary veins salient abaxially and inconspicuous adaxially
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules caducous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 10, glabrous, the filaments white, gland-dotted on the surface, 20 – 27.5 mm long, the anthers cream to yellow, oblong to elliptic, 6.6 - 6.8 x 1.3 - 1.5 mm, glabrous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx light brown to golden, densely tomentose abaxially and sericeous adaxially, the segments 4, subequal, elliptic to ovate, 14 - 15.6 x 8 - 12.4 mm
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla pentamerous, the petals subequal, white, membranaceous, glabrous, caducuous, the blade slightly clawed, elliptic, 12.4 - 13.2 x 6.5 - 8 mm, the claw c. 1.8 mm long
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Gynoecium cream-yellowish, reddish when fertilised, glabrous; the stipe terete in cross section, 1.8 - 2.5 mm long, glabrous, the ovary oblong or slightly arcuate-elliptic, 6.9 - 7.2 x 3.3 - 3.5 mm, glabrous or rarely with very few hairs at the base, ovules c. 13, the style terete in cross section, 12 - 14.5 mm long, glabrous, the stigma punctiform
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Pedicel
- Pedicels rectangular in cross section, 4.1 - 5.9 x 1.9 - 3.1 mm, velutinous; bracteoles paired, opposite, inserted at apex of pedicel, obovate, 5.7 - 7.6 x 4 - 5.8 mm, densely tomentose abaxially and glabrous adaxially caducous; hypanthium 4.1 - 5.8 x 5 - 7 mm; flower buds light brown to golden, ellipsoid, 8.3 - 9.7 x 7.5 - 9.1 mm, tomentose
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit camara type, brown, relatively smooth, glabrous, the body usually cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed, 7.5 - 10 x 3.8 - 4.5 cm
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescences cymose, terminal, with corymbiform aspect, with three orders of branching, the flowers c. 7 - 18 per axis, spirally arranged on the axis, the axis rectangular, 2.3 -3 mm wide, velutinous; bracts early caducous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds c. 3 - 6 per fruit, brown, irregularly circular, c. 2.5 x 1.5 cm
- Note
- In the context of the genus, the new species is similar to Hymenaea martiana and H. longifolia in having ovate to broadly-elliptic leaflets, brownish fruits, and a geographical distribution that overlaps those of both species; but it differs from H. martiana by having the leaflets and ovary entirely glabrous (vs the leaflets pubescent abaxially and the ovary with a dense tuft of golden hairs at the base), and from H. longifolia in having generally smaller leaflets (5.1 - 6.8 x 2.9 - 4 cm vs 10.5 - 13 x 5 - 6 cm) and smaller (7.5 - 10 x 3.8 - 4.5 cm vs 12 -15 x 5 - 6 cm) and cylindrical fruits (vs more strongly compressed and expanded toward apex). In addition, H. cangaceira is usually separable from H. martiana by its narrower shade diameter and more sparsely foliated canopy. Moreover, although they may occur sympatrically, H. cangaceira is found exclusively in the Caatinga, while H. martiana is more commonly found in the Cerrado. With respect to H. longifolia, H. cangaceira typically has a more strongly arborescent habit ( H. longifolia being predominantly shrubs or treelets) and less obviously cordate (or auriculate) leaflets. The species is named for the “Cangaceiros,” members of the “Cangaço” social and political movement, who in the early 20th century occupied the surroundings of several towns in the northeastern region of Brazil (Clemente2007). Some of these same towns are the seats ofthe municipalities in which the new species occurs. The Cangaçeiros were known for their ability seemingly to vanish from the pursuing authorities in the open and dry landscape of the Caatinga, hiding themselves with camouflage costumes in the thorny vegetation. Similarly, Hymenaea cangaceira has until now been “hiding” from taxonomists in the same geographical region, being confused with sympatric and morphologically similar species.
- Phenology
- Flowering from November to March, fruiting from March to April.
- Type
- Type: Brazil, Ceara, Brejo Santo, J. G. Carvalho-Sobrinho et al. 1930 (holotype HVASF!; isotype HUEFS!).
- Vernacular
- Jatoba (Portuguese).
Native to:
Brazil Northeast
Hymenaea cangaceira R.B.Pinto, Mansano & A.M.G.Azevedo appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Kew Bull. 72(3)-42: 2 (2017)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6 Scientific Data 8: 215.
Literature
Kew Bulletin
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Bulletin
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0