Salicaceae
Salix

Salix alba L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 1021 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Europe to N. China, NW. Africa. It is a tree and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, China North-Central, Corse, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Türkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Xinjiang

Introduced into:

Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Chile Central, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, Finland, Georgia, Great Britain, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Ireland, Kentucky, Krasnoyarsk, Libya, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New South Wales, New York, North Carolina, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Ohio, Ontario, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Australia, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Yemen

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (1982). Flora of Australia 8: 1-420. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Ali, S.I. (2001). Flora of Pakistan 203: 1-60. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • B.A.Fedtschenko & al. (1937). Flora Turkmenii 2: 1-217. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
  • Bhellum, B.L. (2012). Flora exotica of Jammu and Kashmir (List- I). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 36: 33-45.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fang, Z.F., Zhao, S.D. & Skvortsov, A..K. (1999). Salicaceae. Flora of China 4: 139-279. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Marchenko, A.M. & Kuzovkina, Y.A. (2022). Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of Salix fragilis (Salicaceae). Taxon 71: 721-732.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1968). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 3: 1-710. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Pusalkar, P.K., Mao, A.A. & Inge, P. (eds.) (2022). Flora of India 24: 1-688. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Skvortsov, A.K. (1999). Willows of Russia and Adjacent Countries: 1-307. University of Joensuu.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) in Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(1): 1-628. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1993). Flora Europaea 1: 53-66. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 1: 1-779. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Zwaenepoel, A. (2019). Gewijzigde namen en een aangepaste determinatiesleutel voor het complex van Salix alba en S. fragilis in België en Nederland. Dumortiera 113: 3-20.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (1982). Flora of Australia 8: 1-420. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • (2020). https://bsbi.org/archaeophytes. epublication.
  • Ali, S.I. (2001). Flora of Pakistan 203: 1-60. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • B.A.Fedtschenko & al. (1937). Flora Turkmenii 2: 1-217. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Bhellum, B.L. (2012). Flora exotica of Jammu and Kashmir (List- I). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 36: 33-45.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fang, Z.F., Zhao, S.D. & Skvortsov, A..K. (1999). Salicaceae. Flora of China 4: 139-279. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2010). Flora of North America North of Mexico 7: 1-797. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1968). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 3: 1-710. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Skvortsov, A.K. (1999). Willows of Russia and Adjacent Countries: 1-307. University of Joensuu.
  • Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(1): 1-628. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2005-2022). The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 1932 Gonzalo, H. [5546] Spain K000906928 Unknown Type Material Yes
Th. Teplouchow. [s.n.] Russia K002243823 Yes
Huter [s.n.] Austria K002243844 Yes
Ebermaier, F. [s.n.] Germany K002243825 Yes
Ausserdorfer, A. [s.n.] Austria K002243846 Yes
Bornmüller, J.; Bornmüller, F. [12882] Syria K000907091 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ausserdorfer, A. [s.n.] Austria K002243841 Yes
Nilsson, F. [s.n.] Sweden K002243837 Yes
Nilsson, H. [s.n.] Sweden K002243835 Yes
s.coll. [23] Switzerland K000906921 Unknown Type Material Yes
Beckmann, C. [s.n.] Germany K002243830 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1997] United Kingdom K002243819 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1997] United Kingdom K002243820 Yes
[ESanio] [s.n.] K002243850 Yes
C. beckmann [s.n.] Germany K002243824 Yes
Velander, P. [s.n.] Sweden K002243836 Yes
Kerner, A. [s.n.] Austria K002243847 Yes
[Görr] [[27a]] K002243851 Yes
Smith [10] K002243849 Yes
Ausserdorfer, A. [s.n.] Austria K002243848 Yes
Gonzalo, H. [5545] Spain K000906927 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1996] United Kingdom K002243818 Yes
Beckmann, C. [s.n.] Germany K002243828 Yes
[Thor Erdman] [s.n.] Sweden K002243839 Yes
Blom, C. [s.n.] Sweden K002243833 Yes
Statzer, H. v.; Churchill, G.C. [s.n.] Germany K002243826 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Burn, R. [7249] United Kingdom K004006753 Yes
Thuillier, J.L. [s.n.] K000906931 Unknown Type Material Yes
Segerström, A.L. [s.n.] Sweden K002243834 Yes
Kerner, A.J. [s.n.] Austria K002243843 Yes
Sauter (Dr.) [s.n.] Austria K002243827 Yes
s.coll. [23] Switzerland K000906925 Unknown Type Material Yes
Beckmann, C. [s.n.] Germany K002243829 Yes
Huter [s.n.] Austria K002243845 Yes
Schultz, F. [s.n.] Austria K000906929 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1996] United Kingdom K002243817 Yes
Ausserdorfer, A. [s.n.] Austria K002243842 Yes
Huter [s.n.] Austria K002243831 Yes
Huter [s.n.] Austria K002243840 Yes
Nilsson, H. [s.n.] Sweden K002243832 Yes
s.coll. [21] Germany K000906930 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1721] United Kingdom K002243822 Yes
Gandoger, M. [s.n.] France K000906926 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1998] United Kingdom K002243821 Yes
Heidenreich, F. (Dr.) [s.n.] Sweden K002243838 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images