Typhaceae
Typha

Typha latifolia L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 971 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Temp. Northern Hemisphere to Colombia, W. Bolivia to S. South America, Nigeria to Kenya, S. India. It is a helophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Delaware, Denmark, Djibouti, DR Congo, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Lebanon-Syria, Louisiana, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Northwest Territories, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, NW. Balkan Pen., Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutiya, Yukon

Introduced into:

Hawaii, Labrador, Magadan, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Dar, G.H. & Govaerts, R.H.A. (2025). Flora of Kashmir Himalaya: Sind Valley 1: 1-606. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Espejo Serna, A. & López-Ferraria, A.R. (2000). Las Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas una Sinopsis Florística 9-11: 1-337. Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México, México D.F.
  • Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Larson, J., Reif, B., Nelson, B.E. & Hartman, R.L. (2014). Floristic studies in North Central New Mexico, U.S.A. the Sange de Cristo mountains. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 8: 271-303.
  • Mavrodiev, E. & Kapitonova, O. (2015). Taxonomic composition of Typhaceae of the flora of European Russia. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 46: 5-25.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Nikolin, E.G. (2020). Opredelitel' vysshikh rasteniy Yakutii: 1-895. Moskva : Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdaniy KMK Novosibirsk "Nauka".
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
  • Sharief, M.U. (ed.) (2024). Flora of India 28: 1-764. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Stalažs, A. (2024). List of vascular plants of Latvia (with Latvian names): 1-312. Dobele.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 6: 1-619. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Graebner in Engl., Pflanzenr. 4, 8 Typhac.: 8 (1900).
  • Sp. Pl. 971 (1753)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2021). http://www.geobotanica.ru/bp/2021_10_01/BP_2021_10_1_verkhozina.pdf. epublication.
  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1993). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 2(2): 433-968. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Dar, G.H. & Govaerts, R.H.A. (2025). Flora of Kashmir Himalaya: Sind Valley 1: 1-606. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Espejo Serna, A. & López-Ferraria, A.R. (2000). Las Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas una Sinopsis Florística 9-11: 1-337. Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México, México D.F.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador https://newfoundland-labradorflora.ca/checklist/.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Sharief, M.U. (ed.) (2024). Flora of India 28: 1-764. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Chiov., Racc. Bot. Consol. Kenya: 123 (1935).
  • Crespo & Perez-Moreau in Darwiniana 14: 416 (1967).
  • Dur. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 470 (1895).
  • Graebner in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV 8: 8 (1900).
  • Hepper in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 131 (1968).
  • Kronfeld in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien 39: 176, t. 5/11 (1889).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 971 (1753).
  • N.E. Br. in Flora of Tropical Africa 8: 136 (1901), pro parte.
  • Rohrb. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 11: 75 (1870).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 1, 2020 Christenhusz, M.J.M. [MC9085] United Kingdom K001400675 Yes
Sep 1, 2020 Christenhusz, M.J.M. [MC9085] United Kingdom K001400649 Yes
Jan 1, 2013 Ratter, J.A.; Ribeiro, J.F.; Silva, J.C.S.; Cozac, L.F.A.; Ferreira, M.S.G.; Silva, J.A.; Silva, F.C. [4300] Brazil K000837979 Yes
Mar 1, 1996 Welwitsch [241] Angola K000345856 Unknown Type Material Yes
Napper, D.M.; Faden, R.B. [1841] Kenya K002271498 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Kanuri [15095] Kenya K002271503 Yes
s.coll. [D-73] Ethiopia K002271384 Yes
Peterson, P.M.; Saarela, J.M.; Smith, S.F. [18518] Canada K002271626 Yes
J. H. [Hensu] [300] K002271120 No
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270727 Yes
Sartwell [s.n.] United States K002271641 Yes
Mann, R.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270734 Yes
Thompson, G. [915] United Kingdom K002270731 Yes
Baldwin, W.K.W.; Breitung, A.J. [3265] Canada K002271631 Yes
Furuse, M. [41304] Japan K002271152 Yes
Last, G.V.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270749 Yes
Shaw, C.H. [s.n.] Canada K002271627 Yes
Jones, G.N. [22177] United States K002271644 Yes
[C W Maynand] [8765] France K002270765 Yes
Johnston, H.H. [2162] United Kingdom K002270751 Yes
Macoun (Prof.) [1436] Canada K002271629 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270747 Yes
Furuse, M. [41304] Japan K002271153 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S.; Turrill, W.B. [1373] United Kingdom K002270738 Yes
Napier, E.R. [5823] Kenya K002271496 Yes
Harold St. John [1118] Canada K002271628 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] K002270771 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270719 Yes
Meyer, F.G. [9091] Ethiopia K002271392 Yes
Baker, C.F. [136] United States K002271639 Yes
Riddelsdell, H.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270720 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [1061] Greece K002270769 Yes
Maad [s.n.] K002271118 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S.; Turrill, W.B. [1373] United Kingdom K002270742 Yes
Dyson, W.G. [385] Kenya K002271501 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] France K002270764 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K002270767 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270745 Yes
[J. Sanster] [1035] United Kingdom K002270729 Yes
Turrill, H.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270735 Yes
[J. M. Bord.]; Willmott, E.A. [s.n.] France K002270760 Yes
Vine, R.S. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270722 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [837] Mexico K002271684 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [2375] Cuba K001736600 Yes
Zeller, S.M.; Zeller, E.B. [978] United States K002271638 Yes
{Greenway, P.J.; V. fitzgerald} [14962] Tanzania K002271508 Yes
Hess, W.; Weis, K.; Weis, R.; Bolger, K. [7590] United States K002271651 Yes
{Bourgeau} [s.n.] Canada K002271653 Yes
Nelson, A.; Nelson, E. [6888] United States K002271648 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270713 Yes
Maximowicz [s.n.] Japan K002271154 Yes
{Greenway; Kanuri} [15095] Kenya K002271507 Yes
Lyall, D. [s.n.] K002271643 Yes
Snowden, J.D. [1223] Uganda K002271491 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] United States K002271652 Yes
Turrill, W.B.; Hubbard, C.E. [11899] United Kingdom K002270746 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K002270766 Yes
Friis, I.; Aweke, G.; Rasmussen, F.; Volesen, K. [2080] Ethiopia K002271387 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [1010] K002270773 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270714 Yes
Rosas R, M. [#384] Mexico K002271685 Yes
Mogk [E217] Ethiopia K002271388 Yes
Drummond [s.n.] Canada K002271634 Yes
Kerfoot, O. [2984] Kenya K002271505 Yes
s.coll. [3217] United States K002271649 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270728 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002270763 Yes
{Granitov; Vvedensky} [s.n.] K002271117 No
Summerhayes, V.S.; Turrill, W.B. [1373] United Kingdom K002270740 Yes
Asplund, E. [s.n.] Sweden K002270754 Yes
Ballard, F.; Hubbard, C.E. [79] United Kingdom K002270718 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Portugal K002270768 Yes
Last, G.V.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270748 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [6719] Ethiopia K002271383 Yes
Edgar; Thurston; C.I.E. [17] United Kingdom K002270715 Yes
Dowson, W.J. [362] Kenya K002271495 Yes
Lindberg, H. [s.n.] Finland K002270755 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002270762 Yes
H. [5878] Mexico K002271683 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270743 Yes
Fernald, M.L.; Long, B.H.; St. John, H. [6739] Canada K002271630 Yes
Pichi-Sermolli, R. [1734] Ethiopia K002271386 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [5406] Ethiopia K002271382 Yes
Laguesse [s.n.] France K002270758 Yes
s.coll. [300] K002271119 Yes
Snowden, J.D. [1223] Uganda K002271492 Yes
Soper, J.H. [2080] Canada K002271632 Yes
Maximowicz [s.n.] Japan K002271156 Yes
Nuttall, L.W. [307] United States K002271637 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270717 Yes
Stevens, G.W. [1609] United States K002271647 Yes
Faurie [701] Japan K002271155 Yes
Kahurananga, J.; Kibui, K. [2846] Kenya K002271494 Yes
Lyall, D. [s.n.] United States K002271646 Yes
Bourdo, E. [29638] United States K002271650 Yes
Radford, A.E. [13494] United States K002271640 Yes
Faden, R.B. [67/758] Kenya K002271499 Yes
Lyall, D. [s.n.] K002271642 Yes
s.coll. [421] Finland K002270756 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270726 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002270770 Yes
Dyson, W.G. [385] Kenya K002271502 Yes
Last, G.V.C. [721/1] United Kingdom K002270737 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K002271635 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [1010] K002270772 Yes
Napper, D. [1680] Kenya K002271506 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Jones, E.W. [7074] United Kingdom K002270716 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270753 Yes
Naylor, G. [576] United Kingdom K002270733 Yes
Hancock, W. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270752 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002271737 Yes
Leiberg, J.B. [1664] United States K002271636 Yes
Drummond, T. [386] United States K002271633 Yes
Amico, A.; Bavazzano, R. [s.n.] Mozambique K002271538 Yes
[W. C. Worsdell] [721/1] United Kingdom K002270724 Yes
Moldenke, H.N. [903a] United States K002271645 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [23795] Türkiye K002271053 Yes
s.coll. [D-73] Ethiopia K002271385 Yes
Pin, C.; Willmott, E.A. [s.n.] France K002270757 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270725 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270730 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270744 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270739 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002270759 Yes
Napper, D.M.; Greenway, P.J. [1800] Kenya K002271493 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002270761 Yes
Wright, C. [600] Cuba K002271686 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270723 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S.; Turrill, W.B. [1373] United Kingdom K002270741 Yes
Friis, I.; Aweke, G.; Rasmussen, F.; Vollesen, K.B. [2245] Ethiopia K002271389 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; Duyfjes, B.E.E. [8738] Ethiopia K002271390 Yes
Rawlings, S. [131] United Kingdom K002270721 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002270736 Yes
Chi, H.J. [[ST235/1]] China K002271157 Yes
{Major E. J.;Lugard, C.} [533] Kenya K002271504 Yes
Van Someren, C. [H39/60/2] Kenya K002271500 Yes
{Meikle, R.D.; Meikle} [1223] Nigeria K002271359 Yes
Burger, W. [3716] Ethiopia K002271391 Yes

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

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    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Kew's Living Collection Database

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0