Violaceae
Viola

Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.

First published in Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 105 (1868)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Nigeria to Ethiopia and Limpopo, Madagascar. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the montane tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gulf of Guinea Is., Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (2000). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1960). Flora Zambesiaca 1(1): 1-336. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Grey-Wilson, C. (1986). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Violaceae: 1-38.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • F.T.A. 1: 105 (1868)
  • R. E. Fries in Act. Hort. Berg. 8: 3 (1925).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1960). Flora Zambesiaca 1(1): 1-336. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Grey-Wilson, C. (1986). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Violaceae: 1-38.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.

Kew Plants for Health

  • "UPWTA (Burkill, 2025)"
  • "World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)"

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A.D.Q. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers p. 100, fig. (p. 98) (1974).
  • A.J. Jex-Blake, Some Wild Flowers of Kenya p. 10, fig. 10 (1948).
  • Cribb, Mountain Fl. S. Tanz.: 59, t. 10A (1982).
  • Engl., Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.: 308 (1892).
  • Keay in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 107 (1954).
  • N. Robson in Flora Zambesiaca 1: 258, t. 41 (1960).
  • Oliv., Flora of Tropical Africa 1: 105 (1868).
  • Robyns, Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert 1: 631 (1948).
  • Taton in Flore du Congo Belge, du Ruanda et du Burundi, Violaceae: 69 (1969).
  • Troupin, Fl. Rwanda 2: 434, fig. 137/1 (1983).
  • W. Becker in A. Engler & K. Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 21: 364, t. 159, fig. 34 (1925).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 1, 2002 Cheek, M. [9180] Cameroon K000026792 No
Jan 1, 1993 Thomas, D.W. [9173] Cameroon K000540118 No
Jan 1, 1980 Fries, R.E.; Fries, T.C.E. [386] Kenya K000231120 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1980 Fries, R.E.; Fries, T.C.E. [2549] Kenya K000230891 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1960 Morton, J.K. [827] Cameroon K000105814 No
Jan 1, 1949 Brenan, J.P.M. [9358] Cameroon K000105812 No
Jan 1, 1949 Brenan, J.P.M. [9358] Cameroon K000105813 No
Napier, E.R. [2114] Kenya K005044572 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [6C] Kenya K005044555 Yes
Grimshaw, J.M. [JMG93246] Tanzania K005044667 Yes
Schlieben, H.J. [4328] Tanzania K005044683 Yes
Aweke, G.; Rasmussen, F.; K. Vollesen [1423] Ethiopia K005044468 Yes
Tweedie [1960] Kenya K005044657 Yes
Geilinger (Dr) [2313] Tanzania K005044686 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [6969] Ethiopia K005044502 Yes
Hedberg, O. [4343] Kenya K005044661 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [3] Kenya K005044583 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [8420] Ethiopia K005044479 Yes
Ash, J.W. [496] Ethiopia K005044496 Yes
Scott, H. (Dr.) [147] Ethiopia K005044478 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Gilbert, S.B. [1784] Ethiopia K005044489 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [5969] Kenya K005044644 Yes
Malvany, P.M. [PMM131] Ethiopia K005044477 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [5636] Kenya K005044607 Yes
Scott, H. (Dr) [157] Ethiopia K005044476 Yes
Gilbert, E.F. [465] Ethiopia K005044501 Yes
Migeod, F. [251] Cameroon K000105808 No
Whyte, A. [s.n.] Kenya K005044646 Yes
Lewis, W.H. [5924] Kenya K005044562 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [3B] Kenya K005044558 Yes
Faden, R.B.; Beentje, H.J.; Ndiang'ui, N.N.; Mutangah, J.; Nyakundi, D.O. [106] Kenya K005044554 Yes
Magogo, F.C. [1493] Kenya K005044611 Yes
Tweedie [1373] Kenya K005044619 Yes
Pierce, R. [2687] Kenya K005044602 Yes
Iecama [H-59] Ethiopia K005044495 Yes
Phipps, J.B. [1492] Uganda K005044529 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B6455] Kenya K005044655 Yes
s.coll. [S-8] Ethiopia K005044471 Yes
Mwangargi, O.M. [980] Kenya K005044565 Yes
Schlieben, H.J. [4089] Tanzania K005044681 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [1] Kenya K005044587 Yes
Savory, H.J.; Keay, R.W.J. [FHI25221] Nigeria K005044424 Yes
Whyte, A. [s.n.] Kenya K005044634 Yes
Hedberg, O. [1518] Kenya K005044650 Yes
Lebrun, J. [8524] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044438 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. [871] Tanzania K005044690 Yes
Luke, W.R.Q.; Luke, P.A. [3872B] Kenya K005044553 Yes
de Witte, G.F. [11565] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044435 Yes
Auquier, P. [2022] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044442 Yes
Irwin, P.H. (Mrs.) [95] Kenya K005044598 No
Routledge, W.S. [s.n.] Kenya K005044626 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. [885] Tanzania K005044672 Yes
Geilinger (Dr) [s.n.] Tanzania K005044675 Yes
Johnson, W.P. [s.n.] K000230897 Unknown Type Material Yes
Chandler, P. [2226] Kenya K005044579 Yes
Luke, Q. [14275] Kenya K005044551 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B4867] Kenya K005044631 Yes
Laurent, J.F. [77] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044433 Yes
Lugard, E.F. [251] Kenya K005044582 Yes
Clarke, T.R. [49P] Kenya K005044581 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [6958] Tanzania K005044694 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [2] Kenya K005044614 Yes
Block, D.; Stieperaere [522F] Kenya K005044552 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [5727] Kenya K005044651 Yes
Robyns, W. [4084] Rwanda K005044444 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [14152] Tanzania K005044670 Yes
Gilbert, E.F. [131] Ethiopia K005044485 Yes
Rogers, C.G. [181] Tanzania K005044605 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P2115] Uganda K005044542 Yes
[Dr Roth] [[132]] Ethiopia K005044504 Yes
Thulin, M.; Hunde, A. [4060] Ethiopia K005044472 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [1324] Cameroon K000105815 No
Frimodt-Möller, C. [093] Tanzania K005044669 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [6723] Tanzania K005044687 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [10970] Ethiopia K005044498 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; et al. [6730] Ethiopia K005044474 Yes
Arnstein Lye, K. [Lye1201] Uganda K005044547 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [5330] Ethiopia K005044494 Yes
Petit, J. [127] Congo, Republic of the K005044439 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [6B] Kenya K005044561 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [2087] Cameroon K000105809 No
Hedberg, O. [93103] Cameroon K000087442 No
Fernández Casas, F.J. [11976] Equatorial Guinea K005044429 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Jones, B.M.G. [236] Ethiopia K005044475 Yes
Tweedie [2986] Kenya K005044601 Yes
Clarke, T.R. [49PB] Kenya K005044580 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [s.n.] Uganda K005044539 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [6538] Tanzania K005044688 Yes
Frame, G.W. [285] Tanzania K005044578 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [2] Kenya K005044585 Yes
Grimshaw, J.M. [JMG9352] Tanzania K005044666 Yes
Reekmans, M. [6634] Burundi K005044449 Yes
Frimodt-Möller, C.; Hørlyck, V.; Joker, D. [TZ164] Tanzania K005044668 Yes
Burger, W. [1911] Ethiopia K005044493 Yes
Tweedie [1411] Kenya K005044621 Yes
Tweedie [860] Uganda K005044525 Yes
Friis, I.; Gilbert, M.G.; Vollesen, K.B. [3724] Ethiopia K005044492 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Gilbert, S.B. [1785] Ethiopia K005044490 Yes
Friis, I.; Aweke, G.; Rasmussen, F.; Vollesen, K.B. [1844] Ethiopia K005044467 Yes
Napper, D.M. [654] Kenya K005044576 Yes
Snowden, J.D. [1569] Uganda K005044527 Yes
Bally, P.R.O.; Williams, J. [B5048] Uganda K005044532 Yes
Rogers, C.G. [106] Tanzania K005044695 Yes
Newbould, J.G.B. [3025] Kenya K005044653 Yes
Kimani, Z.J. [20] Kenya K005044615 Yes
Ossent, J. [201] Kenya K005044658 Yes
Moreau, R.E.; Moreau, R.E. (Mrs.) [108] Kenya K005044637 Yes
Thorold, C.A. [2740] Kenya K005044599 Yes
Carvalho [3969] Equatorial Guinea K005044432 Yes
Powell, H. [145] Kenya K005044624 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [5445] Kenya K005044648 Yes
Herbert, E.J. [67] Ethiopia K005044488 Yes
Glover; Gwynne; Samuel [1443] Kenya K005044594 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [20939] Ethiopia K005044464 Yes
Verdcourt [1992[(3)]] Kenya K005044636 Yes
Gillett, J.B.; Kabuye, C.H.S. [16656] Kenya K005044570 Yes
Kerfoot, O. [48] Kenya K005044571 Yes
Sanford, W.W. [5509] Cameroon K000105805 No
Burger, W. [1859] Ethiopia K005044481 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [4] Kenya K005044656 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005044535 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [8578] Ethiopia K005044499 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [3] Kenya K005044592 Yes
Tweedie [1275] Kenya K005044620 Yes
Gereau, R.; Lovett, J. [2434] Tanzania K005044676 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [1] Kenya K005044588 Yes
Timberlake, J. [5137] Mozambique K000613517 No
Wilson, J. [1002] Uganda K005044548 Yes
Robertson, S.A. [1561] Kenya K005044564 Yes
Stauffer, H.U. [109] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044441 Yes
Hall, J.B. [2339] Nigeria K005044425 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [1545] Tanzania K005044680 Yes
Glover; Gwynne; Samuel [1381] Kenya K005044593 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [284] Kenya K005044633 Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs) [1632] Kenya K005044617 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [6970] Ethiopia K005044503 Yes
Bernardi, L. [9161] Kenya K005044664 Yes
Ash, J. (Mrs.) [3530] Ethiopia K005044491 Yes
Stolz, A. [1033] K005044693 Yes
Guinea, E. [1592] Equatorial Guinea K005044418 Yes
Lewalle [2741] Burundi K005044446 Yes
Gilbert, M.G. [3310] Ethiopia K005044480 Yes
Reekmans, M. [7264] Burundi K005044445 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [7523] K005044534 Yes
Moore, A. [5a] Kenya K005044575 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [4A] Kenya K005044557 Yes
Reekmans, M. [5543] Burundi K005044448 Yes
Schimper [1461] Ethiopia K000230899 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rose, F. [1138] Uganda K005044550 Yes
Kisalye, N.; van Heist, M. [37] Uganda K005044523 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [1013] Cameroon K000105811 No
Bridson, D.M. [63] Kenya K005044663 Yes
Whittall, E. [201] Kenya K005044640 Yes
Osmaston, H.A. [3940] Uganda K005044549 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Ermias Getachew; Gichile, M. [9820] Ethiopia K005044465 Yes
[Maun] [1331] Equatorial Guinea K005044421 Yes
Kisalye, N.; van Heist, M. [561] Uganda K005044524 Yes
Geilinger (Dr) [s.n.] Tanzania K005044677 Yes
[Maun] [297] Equatorial Guinea K005044417 Yes
Lewalle [2114] Burundi K005044447 Yes
Symes, Y.E. [644] Kenya K005044584 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [2858] Uganda K005044538 Yes
Kerfoot, O. [2856] Kenya K005044618 Yes
Rogers, C.G.; Gardner, H.M. [551] Uganda K005044531 Yes
Morton, J.K. [624] Cameroon K000105810 No
Hooper, S.S.; Townsend, C.C. [1370] Kenya K005044568 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [2858] K005044537 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [9750] Tanzania K005044684 Yes
G. W. St.-C. Thompson [360] Tanzania K005044692 Yes
Thomerson, A.C.B. [560] Ethiopia K005044487 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [4] Kenya K005044591 Yes
Daramola, B.O. [FHI40637] Nigeria K005044426 Yes
Lebrun, J. [7863] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044437 Yes
Polhill, R.; Paulo, S. [1553] Tanzania K005044671 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [970] Uganda K005044526 Yes
Schimper, W. [609] Ethiopia K000230896 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lady M. Jex-Blake [s.n.] Kenya K005044632 Yes
Archer, P.G. [358] Kenya K005044659 Yes
Major, E.J.; Mrs. Cyril Lugard [375] Kenya K005044603 Yes
Tothill, B.H. [T2689] Uganda K005044543 Yes
Williams, J.G. [59] Kenya K005044616 Yes
Zerny, H. [8] Tanzania K005044682 Yes
Mabberley; McCall [34] Kenya K005044662 Yes
Tweedie [2546] Kenya K005044597 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [2] Kenya K005044590 Yes
Petit, J. [235] Congo, Republic of the K005044440 Yes
D'Arcy, W.G. [7627] Rwanda K005044443 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [6145] Ethiopia K005044470 Yes
Fyffe, R. (Mr) [60] Uganda K005044533 Yes
Friis, I.; Vollesen, K.B. [366] South Sudan K005044463 Yes
Irwin, P.H. (Mrs.) [20] Kenya K005044600 Yes
Ossent, J. [201] Kenya K005044612 Yes
A.S.T. [Th492] Uganda K005044546 Yes
Mrs S.A. Robertson [1561] Kenya K005044596 Yes
Fernández Casas, F.J. [11980] Equatorial Guinea K005044431 Yes
Boughey, A.S. [17] Equatorial Guinea K005044419 Yes
Lebrun, J. [4902] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044436 Yes
s.coll. [s.n] Ethiopia K005044484 Yes
Saxer, A. [112] Cameroon K005044428 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [1545] Tanzania K:SPC-03174.000 No
Verdcourt, B. [1992] Kenya K:SPC-04937.000 No
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [4314] Kenya K005044609 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [1] Kenya K005044613 Yes
Bruce, E.M. (Miss) [593] Tanzania K005044679 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [8752] Ethiopia K005044469 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [4B] Kenya K005044556 Yes
Hepper, F.N.; Field, D.V. [5043] Kenya K005044563 Yes
Leakey, C.L.A. [104] Ethiopia K005044473 Yes
Faden, R.B.; Faden, A.J. [74/857] Kenya K005044567 Yes
Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F. [405] Equatorial Guinea K005044422 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [4B] Kenya K005044608 Yes
Napier, E.R. [5907] Kenya K005044623 Yes
Stauffer, H.U. [725] Uganda K005044530 Yes
Gilbert, M.G. [4997] Kenya K005044569 Yes
Hedberg, O. [4444] Kenya K005044660 Yes
Trelawny, B. [AB4398] Kenya K005044642 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Brenan, J.P.M. [8266] Tanzania K005044673 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. [942] Tanzania K005044689 Yes
Schimper [983] Ethiopia K000230895 Type Yes
s.coll. [6745] Uganda K005044536 Yes
Miss E. R. Napier [723] Kenya K005044577 Yes
Dowson, W.J. [89] Kenya K005044574 Yes
Hendrickz, F.L. [408] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044434 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [5896] Kenya K005044641 Yes
Boughey, A.S. [143] Equatorial Guinea K005044420 Yes
Timberlake, J. [5187] Mozambique K000613915 No
Friis, I.; Gilbert, M.G.; Rasmussen, F.; Vollesen, K.B. [753] Ethiopia K005044482 Yes
Schimper [983] Ethiopia K000230898 Type Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [5] Kenya K005044566 Yes
Whittall, E. [225] Kenya K005044638 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [7449] Ethiopia K005044500 Yes
Slade, H. [9] Kenya K005044643 Yes
Stauffer, H.U. [774] Uganda K005044528 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O. [9513] Ethiopia K005044497 Yes
Whyte, A. [s.n.] Kenya K005044645 Yes
Dr. Gilinger [5099] Tanzania K005044604 Yes
Gilbert, M. [1152] Ethiopia K005044486 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [6A] Kenya K005044606 Yes
Verdcourt, B. [358] Kenya K005044635 Yes
Tweedie [2351] Kenya K005044589 Yes
Fries, R.E.; Fries, T.C.E. [386b] Kenya K005044647 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B420] Kenya K005044627 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [17255] Kenya K005044652 Yes
Fernández Casas, F.J. [11976] Equatorial Guinea K005044430 Yes
Patel, H. [7383] Mozambique K000613645 No
Bruce, E.M. [477] Tanzania K005044691 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B3344] Kenya K005044628 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15025] Ethiopia K005044483 Yes
Christenhusz, M.J.M.,, Kamau, P., Mbale, M.; Chase, M.W. [6652] Kenya K000696657 No
Mrs. A. Moore [3] Kenya K005044586 Yes
Smeds, H. [1376] Ethiopia K005044466 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [3A] Kenya K005044559 Yes
Bidgood, G.S.; Mbago, F.; Vollesen, K.B. [2553] Tanzania K005044665 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [2839] Uganda K005044541 Yes
Glover; Gwynne; Samuel [1107] Kenya K005044595 Yes
Snowden, J.D. [568] Kenya K005044573 Yes
Hedberg, O. [310] Kenya K005044649 Yes
Chapman, J.D. [4431] Nigeria K005044423 Yes
Lebrun [8524] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K005044450 Yes
Schlieben, H.-J. [4328] Tanzania K005044674 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [2935] Cameroon K000105806 No
Harris, T. [175] Mozambique K000613250 No
James, E.P. [s.n.] Kenya K005044625 Yes
Mrs. A. Moore [2] Kenya K005044560 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [1067] Tanzania K005044696 Yes
A.S.T. [Th657] Uganda K005044544 Yes
Chandler; Hancock [2634] Uganda K005044545 Yes
Smeds, H. [1441] Ethiopia K005044505 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [6218] Tanzania K005044685 Yes
Tweedie, E.M. [1275] Kenya K:SPC-00687.000 No
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [5507] Kenya K005044610 Yes
Tweedie [1288] Kenya K005044622 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [4896] Kenya K005044630 Yes
Bruce, G.M. [593] Tanzania K005044678 Yes
Whittall, E. [8] Kenya K005044639 Yes
Tweedie [815] Kenya K005044629 Yes
Battiscombe, E. [1162] Kenya K005044654 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0