Family:
Cucurbitaceae Juss.
Genus:
Momordica L.

Momordica charantia L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & Subtropical Old World to NE Queensland. It is has environmental uses, as animal food, a poison and a medicine and for food.

[FZ]

Cucurbitaceae, C. Jeffrey. Flora Zambesiaca 4. 1978

Morphology General Habit
Stems prostrate or scandent to 5 m., sparsely to densely crispate-pubescent or villous, especially at nodes.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-lamina 1–10 × 1–12·5 cm., broadly ovate to orbicular in outline, cordate, narrowly decurrent on to petiole, punctate and sparsely pubescent to densely villous on veins beneath, sparsely hirsute especially on veins above, deeply palmately 3–7-lobed, lobes variously sinuate-dentate or lobulate, acute to retuse, apiculate.
Morphology Leaves Petiole
Petiole 0·5–7 cm. long.
Morphology General Tendrils
Tendrils simple.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers monoecious, solitary. male flowers: peduncle 0·3–5 cm. long; bract 2–17 mm. long, broadly ovate or reniform, sessile, cordate, amplexicaul, obtuse or retuse, apiculate, green; pedicel 2–9·5 cm. long. Receptacle-tube 1–5 mm. long; lobes 3–7 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate. Petals 1·0–2·5 cm. long, pale to deep yellow, ovate to obovate. Female flowers: peduncle 0·2–5 cm. long; bract 1–12 mm. long; pedicel 1–10 cm. long; ovary 8–11(30) × 2–4 mm., ovoid-rostrate to fusi-form, ridged, pilose on ridges, tuberculate; receptacle-tube 1–3 mm. long, lobes 2–5 mm. long, lanceolate; petals 0·7–1·2 cm. long.
sex Male
male flowers: peduncle 0·3–5 cm. long; bract 2–17 mm. long, broadly ovate or reniform, sessile, cordate, amplexicaul, obtuse or retuse, apiculate, green; pedicel 2–9·5 cm. long. Receptacle-tube 1–5 mm. long; lobes 3–7 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate. Petals 1·0–2·5 cm. long, pale to deep yellow, ovate to obovate.
sex Female
Female flowers: peduncle 0·2–5 cm. long; bract 1–12 mm. long; pedicel 1–10 cm. long; ovary 8–11(30) × 2–4 mm., ovoid-rostrate to fusi-form, ridged, pilose on ridges, tuberculate; receptacle-tube 1–3 mm. long, lobes 2–5 mm. long, lanceolate; petals 0·7–1·2 cm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit 2·5–4·8(11) × 1·5–2·3(4) cm., ovoid-rostrate or ellipsoid, longitudinally ribbed and tuberculate, bright orange-red, dehiscent into 3 valves; fruit-stalk 3·4–15 cm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds 8–11 × 4·5–8 × 2–3·5 mm., enveloped in sticky red pulp, ovate-elliptic to oblong in outline; faces flattened, sculptured, with sinuate edges; margins grooved.

[FTEA]

Cucurbitaceae, C. Jeffrey. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1967

Morphology General Habit
Annual climber or trailer to 5 m.
Morphology Stem
Stems herbaceous, ridged, glabrous or hairy, strap-shaped at the base.
Morphology Leaves
Leaf-blade broadly ovate-reniform or orbicular in outline, cordate, 25–100 mm. long, 30–125 mm. broad, glabrous or pubescent (especially on the nerves) on both surfaces, deeply palmately (3–)5(–7)-lobed; lobes obovate, ovate-elliptic or rhombic in outline, narrowed towards the base, acute and apiculate, sinuate-toothed and unlobed or more usually sinuate-lobulate; petioles 14–70 mm. long.
Morphology General Tendrils
Tendrils simple.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Monoecious. Male flowers solitary; peduncle 5–28 mm. long, bearing an apical 3–15 mm. long 4–22 mm. broad suborbicular apiculate clasping green bract; pedicel 18–55 mm. long; receptacle-tube obconic, pale greenish-yellow, 2–4 mm. long; lobes ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, adpressed to lower surface of the petals, 3–6.5 mm. long; petals obovate-lingulate, apiculate, 11–22 mm. long, 7.5–15 mm. broad, pale yellow to orange-yellow, 2 with scales inside at the base; stamens 3; anthers coherent in centre of flower; thecae triplicate. Female flowers with peduncle 2–50 mm. long, bearing an apical broadly ovate or suborbicular 1–12 mm. long 1–10 mm. broad sessile bract; pedicel 10–100 mm. long; ovary ovoid and beaked to elongate-fusiform, muricate-tuberculate, 8–30 mm. long, 2–4 mm. across; receptacle-lobes linear, acute, 2–5 mm. long, reflexed at the tips; petals 7–12 mm. long, 3–6 mm. wide.
sex Male
Male flowers solitary; peduncle 5–28 mm. long, bearing an apical 3–15 mm. long 4–22 mm. broad suborbicular apiculate clasping green bract; pedicel 18–55 mm. long; receptacle-tube obconic, pale greenish-yellow, 2–4 mm. long; lobes ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, adpressed to lower surface of the petals, 3–6.5 mm. long; petals obovate-lingulate, apiculate, 11–22 mm. long, 7.5–15 mm. broad, pale yellow to orange-yellow, 2 with scales inside at the base; stamens 3; anthers coherent in centre of flower; thecae triplicate.
sex Female
Female flowers with peduncle 2–50 mm. long, bearing an apical broadly ovate or suborbicular 1–12 mm. long 1–10 mm. broad sessile bract; pedicel 10–100 mm. long; ovary ovoid and beaked to elongate-fusiform, muricate-tuberculate, 8–30 mm. long, 2–4 mm. across; receptacle-lobes linear, acute, 2–5 mm. long, reflexed at the tips; petals 7–12 mm. long, 3–6 mm. wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit on a 37–150 mm. or more long stalk, pendulous, broadly ovoid and beaked to attenuate-ellipsoid, 35–110 mm. long, 20–40 mm. across, reddish-orange with a paler apex, ornamented with ± 8 longitudinal rows of subconical tubercles and with many smaller tubercles in between, splitting into 3 valves and exposing the seeds sheathed in sticky red pulp hanging in two rows from the faces of each valve.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds oblong, ± 8–11 × 4.5–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm.; testa sculptured; margins grooved.
Habitat
Lowland rain-forest and riverine forest, elephant-grass thicket and in plantations; 100–1220 m.; sometimes cultivated
Distribution
K7 T4 T8 U2 U4 Z pantropical, but probably introduced in the New World

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Adventicia en Colombia; Alt. 5 - 1500 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Islas Caribeñas, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífico, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Trepadora
Conservation
No Evaluada

[UNAL]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
alchucha, archucha, archurchis, balsamín, balsamina, balsamino, balsamira, bejuco de cojé, bejuco de culebra, bocado de culebra, bocaoeculebra, chauchilla, cojé, cundeamor, fruto de la culebra, maravilla, marsamila, mavilla, pepinillo, pepino, pepino de culebra, pepino de monte, sibicogén, sibijote, sibricogén, sonsonga, subecogé, subicogé, subicogén, yerba de culebra

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Caribbean, Orinoquia, Pacific. Elevation range: 5–1500 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caldas, Casanare, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Quindío, San Andrés y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vichada.
Habit
Climbing.

[FWTA]

Cucurbitaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:1. 1954

Morphology General Habit
Climber, flowers yellow
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit ripening orange, 2–3 in. long, bursting in 3 valves to expose the carmine red seeds
Ecology
Extending into moister regions.

[UPFC]
Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.

Native to:

Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Chad, Christmas I., Congo, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, New Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Extinct in:

Socotra

Introduced into:

Alabama, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Aruba, Ascension, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cambodia, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central American Pac, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Comoros, Connecticut, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Florida, Galápagos, Georgia, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Jamaica, Korea, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Marianas, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicobar Is., Niue, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Southwest Caribbean, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

English
Bitter Gourd

Momordica charantia L. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2016 Hooker, J.D. [162], Cape Verde K001134350 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Fernandes, D. [464], Bolivia K000634046 Yes
Oct 3, 2007 Hamilton, M.A. [185], Montserrat 76505.000 No
Jan 1, 2006 Cheek, M. [11710], Cameroon K000582255 No
Feb 1, 2003 Cheek, M. [5634], Cameroon K000008307 No
Feb 1, 2003 Cable, S. [2799], Cameroon K000008301 No
Feb 1, 2003 Cheek, M. [7524], Cameroon K000008306 No
Feb 1, 2003 Sidwell, K. [385], Cameroon K000008303 No
Feb 1, 2003 Cable, S. [3231], Cameroon K000008308 No
Feb 1, 2003 Cheek, M. [7524], Cameroon K000008305 No
Feb 1, 2003 Zapfack, L. [642], Cameroon K000008302 No
Dec 1, 1967 Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [6945], Cameroon K000050716 No
22677.000 No
Verdcourt, B. [3942], Kenya 23968.000 No
29047.008 No
Tweedie, E.M. [3484], Kenya 32458.000 No
Harley, R.M. [16272], Brazil 35923.000 No
Radcliffe-Smith, A. [3882], Oman 38880.000 No
4646.000 No
Richards, H.M. [16056], Tanzania 4994.000 No
Milne-Redhead, E. [7596], Tanzania 5158.000 No
Bullock, A.A. [3999], Zambia 6519.000 No
Purseglove, J.W. [3258], Uganda 8104.000 No
White, F. [2379], Zambia 8105.000 No
Wild, H. [44470], Zimbabwe 823.000 No
Philcox, D. [4039], Brazil K001139652 Yes
Philcox, D. [3860], Brazil K001139654 Yes
Burchell [7158-2], Brazil K001139659 Yes
Prance, G.T. [4004], Brazil K001139669 Yes
Albuquerque, B.W. [1363], Brazil K001139672 Yes
Traill, J.W.H. [362], Brazil K001139638 Yes
Bolland, G. [s.n.], Brazil K001139640 Yes
Fonseca, V.S. [116], Brazil K001139642 Yes
Harley, R. [5182], Brazil K001139625 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [31372], Brazil K001139629 Yes
Harley, R.M. [16272], Brazil K001139632 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [45119], Brazil K001139609 Yes
Andrade, I.M. [84], Brazil K001139607 Yes
Mexia, Y. [4543], Brazil K001139664 Yes
Hunt, D.R. [6162], Brazil K001139667 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [38552], Brazil K001139619 Yes
Pearson, H.P.N. [4], Brazil K001139649 Yes
Kummrow, R. [538], Brazil K001139615 Yes
Burchell [822], Brazil K001139658 Yes
Manning, S.D. [1265], Cameroon K000050717 No
Harley, R.M. [17255], Brazil K001139634 Yes
Hutchinson, J. [99], Cameroon K000050719 No
Lobo, M.G.A. [156], Brazil K001139636 Yes
Balée, W.L. [1542], Brazil K001139608 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000742645 Yes
Eiten, G. [4571], Brazil K001139651 Yes
Skorupa, L. [90], Brazil K001139626 Yes
Moseley [s.n.], Brazil K001139656 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.], Brazil K001139646 Yes
Kummrow, R. [508], Brazil K001139618 Yes
Hutchinson, J. [99], Cameroon K000050720 No
Prance, G.T. [4004], Brazil K001139631 Yes
Robert, A. [748], Brazil K001139655 Yes
França, F. [2290], Brazil K001139623 Yes
Harley, R.M. [16212], Brazil K001139633 Yes
Swainson, W. [s.n.], Brazil K001139644 Yes
Döbereiner, J. [1470], Brazil K001139637 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [29505], Brazil K001139630 Yes
Moseley, H.N. [s.n.], Cape Verde K001134351 Yes
Lemos, M.J.S. [20], Brazil K001139622 Yes
Agra, M.F. [1169], Brazil K001139679 Yes
Trail, J.W.H. [362], Brazil K001139617 Yes
Lindeman, J.C. [4573], Brazil K001139678 Yes
Lobão, A.Q. [28], Brazil K001139641 Yes
Teixeira, L.O.A. [378], Brazil K001139610 Yes
Hage, J.L. [589], Brazil K001139614 Yes
Teixeira, L.O.A. [720], Brazil K001139611 Yes
Hutchinson, J. [99], Cameroon K000050718 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6746] K001124719 Yes
Silva, J.M. [1930], Brazil K001139676 Yes
Vieira, G. [389], Brazil K001139635 Yes
Graham [s.n.], Brazil K001139639 Yes
Rico, L. [1415], Bolivia K000295406 No
Preston, T.A. [s.n.], Brazil K001139661 Yes
Balick, M.J. [1545], Brazil K001139650 Yes
Moseley [s.n.], Brazil K001139657 Yes
Lowrie, S.R. [400], Brazil K001139613 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [15866], Brazil K001139668 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.], India K000742644 Yes
Riedel [707], Brazil K001139648 Yes
Harley, R. [5182], Brazil K001139624 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [33807], Brazil K001139620 Yes
Damineli, E.C. [20426], Brazil K001139675 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [49168], Brazil K001139627 Yes
Vieria, R.F. [93], Brazil K001139628 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K001139643 Yes
Pickersgill, B. [Ru71-272], Brazil K001139616 Yes
Miers, J. [3491], Brazil K001139647 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [21484], Brazil K001139665 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.], Brazil K001139662 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.], Brazil K001139663 Yes
Maas, P.J.M. [322A], Brazil K001139674 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [7158-2], Brazil K001139660 Yes
Lemos, M.J.S. [20], Brazil K001139677 Yes
Daly, D.C. [D520], Brazil K001139612 Yes
Silva, N.T. [2059], Brazil K001139673 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [5203], Brazil K001139621 Yes
Philcox, D. [4039], Brazil K001139653 Yes
Prance, G.T. [4004], Brazil K001139670 Yes
Hatschbach, G. [17173], Brazil K001139666 Yes
Prance, G.T. [14673], Brazil K001139671 Yes
Gibert, E.J. [37], Paraguay K001139645 Yes

First published in Sp. Pl.: 1009 (1753)

Accepted by

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  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
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  • Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
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  • Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Ouédraogo, A., Hahn, K. & Zizka, G. (2012). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso Boissiera 65: 1-391.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
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  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.
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Flora of Tropical East Africa

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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

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  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Identificación de las plantas útiles como Productos Forestales No Maderables del Bosque seco-Tropical en tres ventanas del Caribe colombiano. 1386 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Sarmiento Bernal, C. (Proveedor del metadatos). Espitia Palenci, L. (Autor), Gallego, B. (Punto de contacto), Aguilar Cano, J. (Curador), Mendoza, H. (Curador). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=rrbb_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2016). Dinámicas del uso de la biodiversidad en los sistemas agroalimentarios regionales del municipio de Montería, Córdoba. 240 registros, aportados por: Hernández, A. (Contacto del recurso), Avila, F. (Creador del recurso, Proveedor de metadatos). Versión 1.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=rrbb_monteria_plantae_2016
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  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    Flora Zambesiaca
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  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
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    Flora of West Tropical Africa
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  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

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  • Neotropikey

    Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    ColPlantA database
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