Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia

Euphorbia tithymaloides L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 453 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Florida, Mexico to Tropical America. It is a shrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and as a poison and a medicine.

Distribution

Native to:

Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Chad, Chagos Archipelago, Comoros, French Guiana, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Hawaii, Malawi, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mozambique, Vanuatu, Wake I.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Pedilanthus tithymaloides.]

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1-1692. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Dec 16, 2010 Dominican Republic K000716196 No
Dec 16, 2010 Guyana K000716197 No
Mar 28, 2009 Hammel, B.; Pérez, I. [25122] Costa Rica K001604993 Yes
Mar 28, 2009 Hammel, B.; Pérez, I. [25117] Costa Rica K001604997 Yes
Aug 7, 2008 Brazil K000254156 No
Aug 7, 2008 Trinidad & Tobago K000254163 No
Aug 7, 2008 Jamaica K000254155 No
Hammel, B.; Pérez, I. [25134] Costa Rica K001609410 Yes
Mexico K000476404 No
Mexico K000476405 No
Mar 1, 2008 Cheek, M. [13668] Cameroon Pedilanthus tithymaloides K000541139 Yes
André, É. [157] Venezuela Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870447 Yes
Bristol, M.L. [2117] Samoa Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870386 Yes
Sigee, D.C. [C] Maldives Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870373 Yes
Stoddart, D.R.; Poore, M.E.D. [1214] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870389 Yes
Stoddart, D.R.; Poore, M.E.D. [1202] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870393 Yes
Purpus, C.A. [16471] Mexico Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870424 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870392 Yes
Luang, S.A. [S5372] Malaysia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870383 Yes
Simmonds, B. [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870429 Yes
Bernard Lee Meng Hock [S55653] Malaysia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870384 Yes
Ilias Paie [S42690] Malaysia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870385 Yes
Ayres, P.B. [s.n.] Mauritius Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870395 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Hong Kong Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870369 Yes
Florence, J. [7777] French Polynesia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870388 Yes
Philcox, D.; Kalloo, B. [7023] Trinidad and Tobago Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870432 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Hong Kong Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870455 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870380 Yes
Miller, O.O. [31] Venezuela Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870445 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870454 Yes
Renvoize, S.A. [1276] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K:SPC-07381.000 No
Hu, S.Y. [6993] Hong Kong Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870368 Yes
Field, A. [19] British Indian Ocean Territory Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870390 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870433 Yes
Florence, J. [9694] French Polynesia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870387 Yes
[Harlett] [5011] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870372 Yes
Bourne [4791] India Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870376 Yes
Johnston, J.R. [59] Venezuela Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870448 Yes
Garber, A.P. [107] Puerto Rico Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870435 Yes
Renvoize, S.A. [1276] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870396 Yes
Onyeachusim, H.D. [FHI47209] Nigeria Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870399 Yes
Fendler, A. [699] Trinidad and Tobago Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870436 Yes
Macbride, J.F. [s.n.] Panama Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870444 Yes
André, É. [337] Colombia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870446 Yes
Chase, N.C. [3847] Malawi Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870403 Yes
Smith, A.C. [10394] Antigua and Barbuda Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870425 Yes
Dius Tadong [215] Malaysia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870379 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [6064] Sierra Leone Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870401 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870375 Yes
Hutchinson, J.; Evans, P. [2509] South Africa Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870398 Yes
Griffith [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870374 Yes
Philcox, D.; Kalloo, B. [7023] Trinidad and Tobago Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870431 Yes
Endres [169] Costa Rica Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870422 Yes
Smith, H.H. [s.n.] Colombia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870449 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] New Caledonia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870456 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870381 Yes
Robinson, J.W.L. [167] Colombia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870443 Yes
Sintensis, P. [768] Puerto Rico Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870434 Yes
Smith, H.H.; Smith, G.W. [340] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870430 Yes
Plowman, T.C. [s.n.] Colombia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870450 Yes
Kandau Jenang [S58154] Malaysia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870382 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870405 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [7117] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870391 Yes
Combs, R. [498] Cuba Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870426 Yes
Sprague, T.A. [229] Colombia Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870451 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Koepper, J.M.; Wagner, K.A. [8639] Honduras Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870421 Yes
Thieme, C. [s.n.] Honduras Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870423 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870427 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870400 Yes
Sintensis, P. [3968] Puerto Rico Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870428 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [8151] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870460 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [12670] Hong Kong Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870370 Yes
s.coll. [6773] Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870371 Yes
Brunet; Warman [075] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870459 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C. [2211] Mozambique Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870404 Yes
Harrison, S.G. [888] Guyana Pedilanthus tithymaloides K000716197 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [1038] Seychelles Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870394 Yes
Mogg, A.O.D. [27529] Mozambique Pedilanthus tithymaloides K003870407 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0