Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus

Amaranthus spinosus L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 991 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Mexico to Tropical America. It is an annual and grows primarily in the subtropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has social uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galápagos, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Andaman Is., Angola, Arkansas, Assam, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Central African Republic, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Congo, Connecticut, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, DR Congo, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Florida, France, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Guyana, Hawaii, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Iran, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kazan-retto, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Liberia, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Manitoba, Marianas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nebraska, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Jersey, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pakistan, Palestine, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Primorye, Queensland, Rhode I., Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., South Carolina, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan-South Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj78.02.096. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aellen, P. (1972). Flora Iranica 91: 1-19. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Bayón, N.D. (2015). Revisión taxonómica de las especies monoicas de Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae): Amaranthus subg. Amaranthus y Amaranthus subg. Albersia. Annals from the Missouri Botanical Garden 101: 261-383. MBG press.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flore des Mascareignes 136-148: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Carmona Pinto, W. & Orsini Velásquez, G. (2010). Sinopsis del subgénero Amaranthus (Amaranthus, Amaranthaceae) en Venezuela. Acta botanica Venezuelica 33: 329-356.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 1-508. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 2: 1-429. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dufour-Dror, J.M. & Fragman-Sapir, O. in Dufour-Dror, J.M. (2019). Alien Plant Species in Natural & Disturbed Areas in Israel. Alien Invasive Plants in Israel, ed. 2: 1-246. Dan Perry Pub., Nature & Parks Authority, Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (2000). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1984). Flora of Bhutan 1(2): 189-462. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Hara, H., Stearn, W.T. & Williams, H.J. (1982). An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 1-226. Trustees of British Museum, London.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Iamonico, D. (2015). Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. Phytotaxa 199: 1-84.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Jonsell, B. (ed.) (2001). Flora Nordica 2: 1-430. The Bergius Foundaton.
  • Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
  • Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1988). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 3: 1-419. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Launert, E. (ed.) (1988). Flora Zambesiaca 9(1): 1-179. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.
  • Meena, S.L. (2012). A checklist of the vascular plants of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. Nelumbo 54: 39-91.
  • Mehboob-ur-Rahman (2012). Wild plants of Swat, Pakistan 1: 1-281. Department of botany, govt. Jehanzeb post graduate college.
  • Miller, A.G. & Cope, T.A. (1996). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 1: 1-586. Edinburgh university press.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1970-1995). Flora of West Pakistan 1-131.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Paña-Chocarro, M.C., Espada-Mateos, C., Vera, M., Céspedes, G. & Knapp, S. (2010). Updated checklist of vascular plants of the Mbaracayú Forest Nature Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú), Paraguay. Phytotaxa 12: 1-224.
  • Pedersen, T.M. (2016). Flora del Paraguay 46: 1-258. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Prakash, L. & Balasubramanian, P. (2018). Invasive alien flora of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve in Southern Eastern Ghats, India. Indian Forester 144: 857-862.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 1-331. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Ramos Senna, L., Giulietti, A.M. & Rapini, A. (2010). Flora da Bahia: Amaranthaceae - Amaranthoideae e Gomphrenoideae. Sitientibus Sérrie Ciências Biológicas 10: 3-73.
  • Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
  • Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
  • Singh, A. (2012). Exotic flora of the Chandauli district Uttar Pradesh, India: an overview. Indian Journal of Forestry 35: 79-84.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Stalažs, A. (2024). List of vascular plants of Latvia (with Latvian names): 1-312. Dobele.
  • Sánchez-del Pino, I., Espadas, C. & Pool, R. (2013). Taxonomy and richness of nine genera of Amaranthaceae s.s. (Caryophyllales) in the Yucatan peninsula biotic province. Phytotaxa 107: 1-74.
  • T. Smitinand & K. Larsen, eds. (1987). Flora of Thailand 5: 1-470. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) in Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Townsend, C.C. (1985). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Amaranthaceae: 1-136.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
  • Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1955-1958). Flora Malesiana 5: 1-595. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2020). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(1): 1-378. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Chev. Bot. 528.
  • Thellung in Asch. & Grabner Synopsis 5, 1: 267 (1914)
  • —F.T.A. 6, 1: 32

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj78.02.096. epublication.
  • (2023). https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit33.031. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aellen, P. (1972). Flora Iranica 91: 1-19. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
  • Bayón, N.D. (2015). Revisión taxonómica de las especies monoicas de Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae): Amaranthus subg. Amaranthus y Amaranthus subg. Albersia. Annals from the Missouri Botanical Garden 101: 261-383. MBG press.
  • Berhaut, J. (1971). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 1: 1-626. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flore des Mascareignes 136-148: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1-1692. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 1-508. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dufour-Dror, J.M. & Fragman-Sapir, O. in Dufour-Dror, J.M. (2019). Alien Plant Species in Natural & Disturbed Areas in Israel. Alien Invasive Plants in Israel, ed. 2: 1-246. Dan Perry Pub., Nature & Parks Authority, Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 4: 1-559. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
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Flora of Tropical East Africa

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Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mar 1, 2011 Jidwin Jinaum [10] Malaysia K000734021 No
Jan 1, 2008 Duaneh, J. [273] Thailand K000512158 No
Nov 1, 2003 Pollard, B.J. [844] Cameroon K000197897 No
May 1, 2001 Cheek, M. [9410] Cameroon K000051115 No
Jan 1, 1953 Morton, J.K. [6735] Cameroon K000025556 No
Wilson, J. [2014] Uganda K005479889 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [3539] Tanzania K005479923 Yes
Bourne [s.n.] India K005478353 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [1591KBS] Zambia K005610212 Yes
Silva, G.P. [2464] Brazil K001207090 Yes
s.coll. [[149]] India K005478345 Yes
Faden, R.B. [67718] Kenya K005479902 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [1143] Uganda K005479886 Yes
Carmichael [1162] Tanzania K005479910 Yes
Mwangangi, O.M.; Kasyoki, W. [1888] Kenya K005479901 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6894] Burma K001126084 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brodhurst-Hill (Mrs) [354] Kenya K005479892 Yes
Sheldrick, D. [TNP/E/113] Kenya K005479907 Yes
Loher, A. [4623] Philippines K005478867 Yes
Bourne [s.n.] India K005478352 Yes
Harley, R.M. [21083] Brazil K001207102 Yes
Peter, A. [30935] Zimbabwe K001560333 Yes
Delnatte, C.; Brun, M.; Bardou, G. [3763] Martinique K001561187 Yes
Young, S.M.; Bustamante, V. [2014-1014-1] United States K001516803 Yes
Archbold, M.E. [211] Tanzania K005479920 Yes
Robinson, E.A. [103] Zambia K005610213 Yes
Taylor, P. [180] Zimbabwe K005610222 Yes
Saulière, A. [718] India K005478354 Yes
Nascimento, M.S.B. [25] Brazil K001207091 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs); Arasululu, S. [27084] Tanzania K005479929 Yes
Welwitsch [6515] Angola K005610227 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [3006] Tanzania K005479919 Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6894] K001126080 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tweedie [3562] Kenya K005479894 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [9848] Tanzania K005479926 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [29582] Brazil K001207098 Yes
Graham, R.M. [2287] Kenya K005479906 Yes
Garcia [11] Mozambique K000823651 Yes
Nascimento, M.S.B. [438] Brazil K001207092 Yes
Borhidi, A.; Iversen, S.T.; Mziray, W.R.; Temu, R.P.C. [85548] Tanzania K005479930 Yes
Thompson, S.A. [1500] Cameroon K000025558 No
Hage, J.L. [967] Brazil K001207093 Yes
[E.K. Samlira] [D43] Uganda K005479881 Yes
Brown, J. (Mrs) [s.n.] Kenya K005479899 Yes
Archbold, M.E. [868] Tanzania K005479917 Yes
Pickersgill, B. [RU/72/225] Brazil K001207101 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [9424] Zimbabwe K005610207 Yes
Merrill, E.D. [73] Philippines K005478863 Yes
Taylor, P. [198] Zimbabwe K005610221 Yes
de Koning, J.; Hiemstra, F. [8950] Mozambique K005610225 Yes
s.coll. [3279] Burma K005478363 Yes
Biegel, H.M. [2609] Zimbabwe K005610219 Yes
Comanor, P.L. [840] Sri Lanka K005478370 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E. [3510] Zambia K005610211 Yes
Harris, B.J. [1083] Tanzania K005479925 Yes
Joseph, J. [14152] India K005478355 Yes
Thomas, A.S. [TH3458] Uganda K005479883 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [2142] Malawi K005610194 Yes
Napper, D.M.; Kanuri [2046] Kenya K005479891 Yes
Spellenberg, R. [s.n.] Yemen K005478006 Yes
Best, E.B. [94] Zambia K005610208 Yes
Weinland, K. [13] Papua New Guinea K005478906 Yes
Merrill [s.n.] K005478862 Yes
Pawek, J. (Mrs) [2304] Malawi K005610200 Yes
Phipps, J.B. [2572] Malawi K005610196 Yes
Handro, O. [s.n.] Brazil K001207086 Yes
Burchell [10018] Brazil K001207081 Yes
Bourne [s.n.] India K005478351 Yes
Hildebrandt, J.M. [1037] K005479932 Yes
Ngoni, J.F. [46] Zimbabwe K005610218 Yes
BISH staff; NAVFAC Hawaii staff [BP 094] United States K001614887 No
Rodríguez, A. [3536] Costa Rica K001769548 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [10020] Malawi K005610198 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6894] Bangladesh K001126078 Unknown Type Material Yes
Glover; Gwynne; Samuel [183] Kenya K005479900 Yes
[Dr. James] [2293] Kenya K005479898 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Malawi K005610214 Yes
Comanor, P.L. [772] Sri Lanka K005478371 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [0s.n100] Cameroon K000025552 No
Hutchinson, J.; Metcalfe, C.R. [117] Cameroon K000025554 No
Tanner, R. [4276] Tanzania K005479911 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil K001207096 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6894] K001126079 Unknown Type Material Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [9476] Tanzania K005479927 Yes
Philcox, D. [3982] Brazil K001207097 Yes
[Mrs. Ravichdran] [W16] Tanzania K005479909 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [1096] Uganda K005479884 Yes
Lambrecht, F.L. [238] Botswana K005610187 Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [1389] Bhutan K005478358 Yes
Fernandes, J. [1259] India K005478346 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [3006] Tanzania K005479918 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6894] K001126075 Unknown Type Material Yes
Katende, A.B. [K1709] Uganda K005479890 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6894] Burma K001126083 Unknown Type Material Yes
Maitland, T.D. [1096] Uganda K005479887 Yes
Gandhi, K.N. [HFP2074] India K005478357 Yes
Vaughan, J.H. [561] Tanzania K005479933 Yes
Batty, M. (Mrs.) [141] Tanzania K005479924 Yes
Comanor, P.L. [1019] Sri Lanka K005478369 Yes
[Wm. G. Craih] [s.n.] K005478362 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Kaunda, K. [3830] Malawi K005610192 Yes
Gardner [3429] Brazil K001207082 Yes
Amico, A.; Bavazzano, R. [s.n.] Mozambique K005610224 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [986] Tanzania K005479916 Yes
Phiri, R. [36] Zambia K005610203 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [F961] Zambia K005610210 Yes
Cuming, H. [636] Philippines K005478866 Yes
King, A.E. [23] Zambia K005610205 Yes
[K. Mzoge] [3] Tanzania K005479913 Yes
B. Mhoro [514] Tanzania K005479928 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6894] K001126081 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [7828] Kenya K005479904 Yes
[G. Thorne] [s.n.] India K005478348 Yes
Chandler, P. [881] Uganda K005479888 Yes
Meyerhoff, E. [1] Kenya K005479908 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6894] Burma K001126082 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dowson, W.J. [380] Kenya K005479896 Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [5686] Philippines K005478865 Yes
Mwangangi, O.M. [1361] Kenya K005479903 Yes
Macuacua, L. [LM1407] Mozambique K005610226 Yes
Traill, J.W.H. [687] Brazil K001207080 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005478361 Yes
Gehrt, A. [s.n.] Brazil K001207087 Yes
Barnes, P.T. [948] Philippines K005478864 Yes
Lawrence, E. [98] Malawi K005610197 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [E2595] Uganda K005479882 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [73/127] Sri Lanka K005478372 Yes
Bainbridge, W.R. [1016] Zambia K005610206 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [26066] Brazil K001207094 Yes
Salubeni, A.J. [981] Malawi K005610202 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [2010] Saudi Arabia K005478007 Yes
Thomson, G. [s.n.] India K005478349 Yes
Cameron, K.J. [127] Malawi K005479931 Yes
Mitchison, N. (Lady) [68] Botswana K005610188 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6894] K001126077 Unknown Type Material Yes
Eiten, G. [3470] Brazil K001207084 Yes
Hansen, O.J. [3421] Botswana K005610189 Yes
Shabani, S. [347] Tanzania K005479914 Yes
Sandwith, C. [179] Zambia K005610209 Yes
Eiten, G. [3617] Brazil K001207089 Yes
Sanford, W.W. [5438] Cameroon K000025557 No
Pires, J.M. [51026] Brazil K001207083 Yes
McDonald, J. [810] Kenya K005479897 Yes
Weir, J.S. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K005610215 Yes
Lawson, M.A. [s.n.] India K005478350 Yes
Burtt, B.L.; Townsend, C.C. [26] Sri Lanka K005478373 Yes
Comanor, P.L. [520] Sri Lanka K005478374 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [43b] Cameroon K000025553 No
Kuhlmann, M. [1407] Brazil K001207085 Yes
[A Lal] [34214] India K005478356 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Rutherford-Smith, R.O.B. [7610] Mozambique K000823652 Yes
Kaunda, K.; Kwatha, R.B. [608] Malawi K005610190 Yes
Fotius [1412] Brazil K001207100 Yes
Belcher, R.O.; Juan, G.E. [s.n.] Burma K005478364 Yes
da Silva, G.P. [2464] Brazil K001207088 Yes
H.S. [410] India K005478347 Yes
Belcher, R.O. [s.n.] Burma K005478366 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [4108] Tanzania K005479915 Yes
Soane, C. [32] Zimbabwe K005610217 Yes
Bigger, M. [2202] Tanzania K005479912 Yes
Dümmer, R.A. [1930] Kenya K005479895 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [6095] Burma K005478365 Yes
Robson, N.K.B. [99] Zambia K005610204 Yes
Bogdan, A. [4745] Kenya K005479893 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [3539] Tanzania K005479922 Yes
Pawek, J. [8320] Malawi K005610201 Yes
Phipps, J.B. [1315] Zimbabwe K005610220 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6894] K001126076 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rawlins, S. [644] Kenya K005479905 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [8463] Malawi K005610199 Yes
Prance, G.T. [7278] Brazil K001207095 Yes
Balaka, J.L.; Gowa, B. [751] Malawi K005610191 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Peru K000202221 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [s.n.] Uganda K005479885 Yes
Teague, A.J. [34] Zimbabwe K005610216 Yes
s.coll. [84] K005478360 Yes
Pawek, J. [11656] Malawi K005610195 Yes
Taylor, P. [7] Zimbabwe K005610223 Yes
Balaka, J.L.; Nachamba, W. [1902] Malawi K005610193 Yes
Faulkner, H.G. [2199] Tanzania K005479921 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [26317] K005478359 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [2080] Cameroon K000025555 No
Harley, R.M. [20516] Brazil K001207099 Yes

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    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

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    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0