Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.

First published in Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 272 (1834)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food, a medicine and invertebrate food and for fuel and food.

Descriptions

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18435792/18435800

Conservation
LC - least concern
[IUCN]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa y cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 2130 m.; Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Pacífico, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Arbusto, arbolito
Conservation
No Evaluada
[CPLC]

Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–2130 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Nariño, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca.
Habit
Shrub, Small tree.
Conservation
IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, native grassland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
Vernacular
Aromo, Coromo, Cují, Espino blanco, Jinnuttureo, Pelá, Pelá de castilla, Uña de cabra
[UPFC]

Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971

Morphology General Habit
Shrub 1.5–4 m. high.
Morphology Branches
Young branchlets glabrous or nearly so, purplish to grey; epidermis not obviously peeling off; glands (as on peduncles) few and inconspicuous.
Morphology Leaves Stipules
Stipules spinescent, usually short, up to 1.8(–3) cm. long, never inflated; other prickles absent.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves with a small gland on petiole and sometimes one on the rhachis near the top pair of pinnae; pinnae 2–7 pairs; leaflets 10–21 pairs, 2–7 mm. long, 0.75–1.75 mm. wide, very rarely larger, with both midrib and lateral nerves visible and somewhat raised beneath.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers bright golden-yellow, sweetly scented, in axillary pedunculate heads; involucel at apex of peduncle.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
Calyx and corolla glabrous outside except for extreme tips of lobes.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Pods (Fig. 16/38, p. 67) indehiscent, straight or curved, subterete and turgid, dark brown to blackish, glabrous, finely longitudinally striate, 4–7.5 cm. long, 0.9–1.5(–2) cm. in diameter.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds chestnut-brown, smooth, elliptic, thick, only slightly compressed, 7–8 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide; areole 6.5–7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide.
Habitat
Uncertain, probably only planted or as an escape from cultivation
Distribution
probably native of tropical America, doubtfully so in Africa (not in our area) and Australiawidely introduced in the tropics and often becoming wild. Cultivated elsewhere in our area, e.g. in U4 and T3 U3
[FTEA]

International Legume Database and Information Service

Conservation
Not Threatened
Ecology
Africa: Cultivated
Morphology General Habit
Perennial, Not climbing, Shrub/Tree
Vernacular
Acacia Jaune, Acacia Odorant, Aroma, Aroma Amarilla, Aromo, Ban Baburi, Bayahonda, Cambron, Carambomba, Cashia, Cassie, Cassie Flower, Cassie Jaune, Cassis Commun, Cassy, Cuji Aroma, Dead Finish, Dintringahy, Ellington Curse, Epinard, Espino Blanco, Espon
[ILDIS]

Mimosaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:2. 1958

Morphology General Habit
A spiny shrub
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Very fragrant yellow flowers
Note
Introduced.
[FWTA]

George R. Proctor (2012). Flora of the Cayman Isands (Second Edition). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Morphology General Habit
A small bushy tree or thicket-forming shrub, the branches glabrous or nearly so, with prominent lenticels, and armed with stipular spines; leaves with 1–3 pairs of pinnae, rarely more, 1–4 cm long; petiole puberulous and with a small gland; leaflets in 10–20 pairs, oblong-linear, 2–6 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad; stipular spines 4–30 mm long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers yellow, fragrant, in globose heads 7–15 mm in diameter; peduncles solitary or clustered, 2–4 cm long, puberulous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx 1–1.5 mm long; corolla 2–3 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Pods dark brown and marked with fine longitudinal lines, glabrous, linear-oblong, curved, subcylindrical, 4–7 cm long, 1–1.5 cm thick, filled with sweet pulp.
Distribution
Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac.  Southern U.S.A., West Indies, and continental tropical America, often planted and naturalised, so that its true natural range is obscure; introduced in the Old World tropics and subtropics.
Ecology
Commonly occurs in thickets along the borders of pastures; the leaves and pods are much eaten by livestock.
[Cayman]

Leguminosae, J.P.M. Brenan. Flora Zambesiaca 3:1. 1970

Morphology General Habit
Shrub 1.5-4 m. high; young branchlets glabrous or nearly so, purplish to grey; epidermis not obviously peeling off; glands (as on peduncles) few and inconspicuous.
Morphology Leaves Stipules
Stipules spinescent, usually short, up to 1.8(3) cm. long, never inflated; other prickles absent.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves with a small gland on the petiole and sometimes one on the rhachis near the top pair of pinnae; pinnae 2-7 pairs; leaflets 10-21 pairs, 2-7 x 0.75-1.75 mm., very rarely larger, with both midrib and lateral nerves visible and somewhat raised beneath.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers bright golden-yellow, sweetly scented, in axillary pedunculate heads; involucel at the apex of the peduncle.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx and corolla glabrous outside except for extreme tips of lobes.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Pods indehiscent, 4-7.5 x 0.9-1.5(2) cm., straight or curved, subterete and turgid, dark-brown to blackish, glabrous, finely longitudinally striate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds chestnut-brown, 7-8 x 5.5 mm., smooth, elliptic, thick, only slightly compressed; areole 6.5-7 x 4 mm.
[FZ]

Uses

Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Fuel
Used for fuels.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Invertebrate Food
Used as invertebrate food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Social
Social uses.
[UPFC]

Use
Chemical products, Domestic, Environmental, Food and Drink, Forage, Medicine, Miscellaneous, Weed, Wood
[ILDIS]

Use
The wood is hard and close-grained, but used chiefly as fuel. The bark and pods are rich in tannin. The viscid juice of the pods can be used to mend china, while the gum exuding from the trunk is similar to gum arabic and is suitable for making mucilage. The flowers yield a delicious, high-priced perfume by petroleum ether extraction further purified by alcoholic extraction; commercial production at present is mostly confined to Lebanon.
[Cayman]

Common Names

English
Sweet Wattle

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • International Legume Database and Information Service

    • International Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS) V10.39 Nov 2011
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Wood Anatomy Microscope Slides

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/