- Family:
- Convolvulaceae Juss.
- Genus:
- Ipomoea L.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Sweet potato is a member of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) and is therefore not closely related to potato (Solanum tuberosum), which is a member of Solanaceae. Sometimes known by the common name yam, sweet potato should not be confused with Dioscorea species, which are also known as yams but belong to a different plant family (Dioscoreaceae).

[KSP]
Kew Species Profiles
- General Description
-
Sweet potato is a member of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) and is therefore not closely related to potato (Solanum tuberosum), which is a member of Solanaceae. Sometimes known by the common name yam, sweet potato should not be confused with Dioscorea species, which are also known as yams but belong to a different plant family (Dioscoreaceae).
Long cultivated for its edible root tubers, sweet potato is an important carbohydrate source in the tropics, especially in Central America and New Guinea.
- Species Profile
-
Geography and distribution
Sweet potato is thought to have originated in Central America or northwestern South America. Remains of sweet potato tubers, dating to about 8,080 BC, have been found in a cave in Peru.
Sweet potato is now widely cultivated in tropical regions and temperate regions with hot summers.
DescriptionOverview: Perennial, herbaceous climber with tuberous roots.
Leaves: Up to 10 cm long, heart- or egg-shaped, un-lobed or divided into three lobes, sometimes with toothed margins.
Flowers: Petals lavender to pale purple or white, forming a trumpet shape up to 7 cm long, often darker in colour inside the tube. Flowers absent in some clones.
Fruits: Dry, dehiscent, ovoid capsule. Rarely produced.
UsesSweet potato is considered to be the world's fifth most important root crop. The edible tubers are consumed boiled, baked or fried. They are processed into chips (sweet potato fries) and crisps (chips). They are also a source of starch, one use of which is to make dang myun noodles in Korea. Sweet potato leaves are consumed as a vegetable in Southeast Asia and New Guinea.
Sweet potato is used as a source of alcohol and is fermented to make a Japanese spirit known as imo-jōchū . Sweet potato is also used as animal-fodder.
Natural fibres from Ipomoea batatas are used in biodegradable plastic (polylactic acid bioplastic) used in the manufacture of Toyota cars.
Some sweet potato cultivars are grown as ornamentals for their attractive flowers and foliage. For example Ipomoea batatas 'Blackie' has purple foliage and is popular in hanging baskets.
This species at KewPressed and dried specimens of Ipomoea batatas are held in Kew's Herbarium where they are available to researchers by appointment.
Details, including images, of some of these specimens can be seen online in Kew's Herbarium Catalogue.
Specimens of sweet potato tubers, as well as starch ('arrowroot') obtained from it, are held in Kew's Economic Botany Collection in the Sir Joseph Banks Building, where they are available to researchers by appointment.
- Distribution
- Peru
- Ecology
- Unknown.
- Conservation
- Widespread in cultivation.
- Hazards
-
None known.
[UPFC]
- Distribution
- Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Guiana Shield, Caribbean, Orinoquia, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–2200 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca.
- Habit
- Climbing.
- Conservation
- IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): DD. National Red List of Colombia (2021): Potential LC.
- Vernacular
- Apichu, Batata, Batatillo, Camote, Chaco, Cumara, Papa dulce
[FWTA]
Convolvulaceae, H. Heine. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2. 1963
- Morphology General Habit
- Trailing and climbing, nearly glabrous from tuberous root
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers campanulate-funnel-shaped with whitish or pink-tinged limb and red-purple centre 11/2-2 in. long.
- Vernacular
- The sweet potato.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Robust herb with underground tubers; stems prostrate or ascending, often rooting at the nodes, glabrous or almost so
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-blades 4–14 x 4–16 cm, truncate or cordate at the base, entire or palmately ± deeply 3–5-lobed; petiole 4–20 cm long
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Cymes 1–several-flowered; peduncle 3–18 cm long; pedicels 3–12 mm long
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals oblong to elliptic-oblong, 7–12 x 3–5 mm, acute
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla violet and white, 3–4.7 cm long
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Capsule ovoid
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds glabrous.
- Distribution
- Occasionally cultivated at least in N1, S2 and S3 probably of South American origin, but now distributed throughout the tropics.
- Vernacular
- Batata (Somali); sweet potato (English).
[FTEA]
Convolvulaceae, B. Verdcourt (East African Herbarium). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1963
- Morphology General Habit
- Herb with underground, fusiform edible tubers.
- Morphology Stem
- Stems prostrate, ascending or rarely twining, often rooting at the nodes, glabrous or very slightly pubescent.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-blade triangular, 4–14 cm. long, 4–16 cm. wide, truncate or cordate at the base, entire or palmately shallowly to very deeply 3–5-lobed; lobes triangular to lanceolate, glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole4–20 cm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescences axillary; peduncle 3–18 cm. long, 1–several-flowered; pedicels 3–12 mm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals subequal, the inner somewhat longer, oblong to elliptic-oblong, 7–12 mm. long, 3–5 mm. wide, acute and distinctly mucronate, subcoriaceous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla violet or lilac, white above, campanulate, 3–4.7 cm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Capsule ovoid.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds glabrous.
- Habitat
- The Sweet Potato is cultivated in areas of moderate rainfall or in wet places at low and medium altitudes up to 1800 m. Above this level, up to 2200 m. and beyond, it is cultivated as a forage crop
- Distribution
- K P T U Z widely cultivated in all suitable areas in the territoriesdistributed throughout all tropical areasprobably originated in South America
[KBu]
Wood, J.R.I., Carine, M.A., Harris, D. et al. 2015. Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 70: 31. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-015-9592-7
- Conservation
- Not evaluated (NE). Most records are of cultivated plants or escapes from cultivation.
- Ecology
- This species is widely cultivated throughout the tropics but its exact origin is unknown. It is often supposed to have originated in Mexico, although we have seen occasional specimens of apparently wild, fertile plants from various countries in tropical America including Colombia, Panama and Venezuela. In Bolivia Ipomoea batatas is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in the Yungas of La Paz and parts of the Beni but more rarely further south and we have no confirmed records of cultivated plants from Tarija and Chuquisaca Departments although it is doubtless cultivated occasionally in these regions. Outside cultivation plants are usually found in derelict fields and on roadsides near cultivation and houses.
- Morphology General Habit
- Creeping perennial herb rooting from the stem and developing root tubers, stems extending to cover several metres, glabrous to coarsely pilose
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves petiolate, very variable in form but usually rather large, 3 – 15 × 5 – 12 cm, ovate or shallowly to deeply 3 – 5-lobed, cordate, shortly acuminate, both surfaces glabrous to coarsely pilose, abaxially somewhat glaucous and with prominent veins; petioles usually rather long, 4 – 15 cm
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence of long-pedunculate, axillary, dense umbellate cymes; peduncles 5 – 30 cm long, stout; bracteoles filiform, c. 2 mm long, caducous; secondary peduncles 5 – 15 mm; pedicels very short, 5 – 10 mm long; sepals 7 – 11 mm, unequal, margins often but not always ciliate, outer shorter than inner, oblong-elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, abruptly mucronate with a hair point c. 2 mm long, prominently 1 – 5-veined, the inner sepals broadly elliptic, rounded and mucronate; corolla 4 – 4.5 cm, pink, often with a dark centre, glabrous; ovary pubescent (rarely glabrous), rarely fertile so capsule and seeds usually absent
- Note
-
It has been found in flower throughout the year.
Although it is not possible to distinguish cultivated from escaped populations from the cited records there are a number of surprising inferences from the list. In the first place there are no collections from the south of the country. This may indicate that Ipomoea batatas is rarely grown there or simply that botanists have not collected it, something which is surely the case in Inquisivi Province in La Paz and Moxos and other provinces in the Beni. Another curiosity is that many of the vouchers are old, perhaps suggesting I. batatas was more widely cultivated in the past than it is today.Plants are usually readily identified in the field because of their root tubers and perennial creeping habit, the stems rooting at the nodes. Herbarium specimens are distinguished by the strongly and usually abruptly mucronate sepals with a distinct hair point and a pronounced central vein with 2 – 4 less prominent lateral veins. The sepals are usually ciliate and the flowers characteristically clustered at the apex of a long peduncle. Most specimens collected in Bolivia have 3-lobed leaves.
[CPLC]
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
- Distribution
- Nativa y cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 2200 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena, Islas Caribeñas, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífico, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
- Morphology General Habit
- Trepadora
- Conservation
- No Evaluada
[UPB]
The Useful Plants of Boyacá project
- Distribution
- Native and cultivated in Colombia.
- Ecology
- Alt. 0 - 2200 m.
- Morphology General Habit
- Climbing plant.
[UNAL]
Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
- Vernacular
- batata, batata amarilla, batata blanca, batata morada, batata roja, batatilla, batatilla morada, bejuquillo, camote, camote blanco, camote morado, yapima
[FZ]
Convolvulaceae, Maria Leonor Gonçalves. Flora Zambesiaca 8:1. 1987
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial plant herbaceous, with underground, fusiform to ellipsoid, yellow or reddish, edible tubers.
- Morphology Stem
- Stems prostrate, ascending or rarely twining, often rooting at the nodes, containing a milky juice, glabrous or very slightly pubescent.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf lamina triangular to broadly ovate in outline, 4–10×4–13 cm., entire or palmately shallowly to very deeply 3–7-lobed, truncate or cordate at the base; lobes triangular, lanceolate to linear-oblong, glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole 3·5–15 cm. long, glabrous or hairy.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence axillary, cymosely 1 to several-flowered; peduncle stout, 3–15 cm. long, glabrous or hairy, bracteoles minute, narrow, acute, 2–3 mm. long, early deciduous; pedicels 3–12 mm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals subequal, subcoriaceous, 7–10 mm. long; outer ones oblong or elliptic-oblong; inner ones elliptic-oblong or ovate oblong, somewhat longer, all glabrous or pilose on the back and fimbriate, acute or subacute, distinctly mucronate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Corolla bell-shaped, pale-mauve, white above, 3–4·5 cm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Capsule ovoid.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds glabrous.
[UPFC]
- Use Animal Food
- Used as animal food.
- Use Environmental
- Environmental uses.
- Use Gene Sources
- Used as gene sources.
- Use Food
- Used for food.
- Use Materials
- Used as material.
- Use Medicines
- Medical uses.
- Use Poisons
- Poisons.
- Use Social
- Social uses.
[UPB]
- Use Food
- 'Roots' - edible (Granados-Tochoy et al. 2007, Pérez Arbeláez 1978).
- Use Gene Sources
- Crop wild relatives which may possess beneficial traits of value in breeding programmes (State of the World's Plants 2016).
- Use Medicines Unspecified Medicinal Disorders
- Medicinal (Instituto Humboldt 2014).
Native to:
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Venezuela
Introduced into:
Alabama, Algeria, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Assam, Azores, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Repu, Chad, Chile North, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Colorado, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Galápagos, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jawa, Kenya, Kermadec Is., Kirgizstan, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Line Is., Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New York, New Zealand North, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Wake I., Western Australia, Windward Is., Yemen, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
- Batatas batatas (L.) H.Karst.
- Batatas betacea Lindl.
- Batatas edulis (Thunb.) Choisy
- Batatas wallii C.Morren
- Batatas xanthorhiza Bojer
- Convolvulus apiculata M.Martens & Galeotti
- Convolvulus attenuatus M.Martens & Galeotti
- Convolvulus batata Vell.
- Convolvulus batatas L.
- Convolvulus chrysorrhizus Sol. ex G.Forst.
- Convolvulus edulis Vell.
- Convolvulus edulis Thunb.
- Convolvulus esculentus Salisb.
- Convolvulus fastigiatus Roxb.
- Convolvulus platanifolius Vahl
- Convolvulus septangularis Steud.
- Convolvulus tuberifer Steud.
- Convolvulus tuberosus Vell.
- Convolvulus tuxtlensis Sessé & Moc.
- Convolvulus variabilis Cham. & Schltdl.
- Convolvulus varius Vell.
- Ipomoea apiculata M.Martens & Galeotti
- Ipomoea batatas var. apiculata (M.Martens & Galeotti) J.A.McDonald & D.F.Austin
- Ipomoea batatas var. batatas
- Ipomoea batatas var. dissoluta Kuntze
- Ipomoea batatas var. erythrorrhiza (Voigt) M.R.Almeida
- Ipomoea batatas var. fastigiata (Sweet) Kuntze
- Ipomoea batatas var. leucorrhiza Griseb.
- Ipomoea batatas var. leucorrhiza (Voigt) M.R.Almeida
- Ipomoea batatas var. porphyrorhiza Griseb.
- Ipomoea batatas f. trifida Moldenke
- Ipomoea catesbaei G.Mey.
- Ipomoea chrysorrhiza Hook.f.
- Ipomoea confertiflora Standl.
- Ipomoea davidsoniae Standl.
- Ipomoea edulis Niederl.
- Ipomoea edulis (Thunb.) Makino
- Ipomoea fastigiata Sweet
- Ipomoea fastigiata var. ciliata Huber
- Ipomoea indica var. variabilis (Cham. & Schltdl.) L.O.Williams
- Ipomoea involucrata F.Dietr.
- Ipomoea mucronata Schery
- Ipomoea platanifolia (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.
- Ipomoea purpusii House
- Ipomoea tabascana J.A.McDonald & D.F.Austin
- Ipomoea tiliacea var. merremioides Fosberg
- Ipomoea tiliacea var. smithii Fosberg
- Ipomoea variabilis (Cham. & Schltdl.) Choisy
- Ipomoea villosa var. genuina Hallier f.
- Ipomoea vulsa House
- Ipomoea wallii (C.Morren) Godm. & Salvin
- Pharbitis villosa (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don
- Dioscorea cylindrica Burm.f.
- English
- Sweet potato
- Spanish
- Patata blanca, batata, apichu, camote, batatillo, cumara, papa dulce, chaco, batata.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feb 10, 2011 | Cook [162], Indonesia | K000605980 | No | ||
Mar 1, 2008 | Conn, B. et al. [5018], Papua New Guinea | K000224890 | No | ||
Mar 1, 2008 | Jones [133], Sabah | K000224891 | No | ||
Jun 1, 2006 | Cheek, M. [11107], Cameroon | K000339791 | No | ||
Jul 1, 2003 | Etuge, M. [1607], Cameroon | K000008693 | No | ||
Jul 1, 2003 | Cable, S. [1226], Cameroon | K000008692 | No | ||
Aug 14, 1996 | Derleth, P. [29], Madagascar | K000384512 | No | ||
Mar 1, 1996 | Williams, S. [152], Cameroon | K000008691 | No | ||
Jan 1, 1996 | Cheek, M. [5520], Cameroon | K000381551 | No | ||
Jan 1, 1996 | Cheek, M. [5924], Cameroon | K000381550 | No | ||
Jan 1, 1993 | Tchouto (Mbatchou), P. [14], Cameroon | K000381558 | No | ||
Jan 1, 1993 | Wheatley, J.I. [663], Cameroon | K000381559 | No | ||
Jan 1, 1987 | Balée, W.L. [805], Brazil | K000944409 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1985 | s.coll. [1144], Jamaica | K000612710 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1985 | s.coll. [1143], Jamaica | K000612711 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1978 | Ongley, J.C. [P21788], Brazil | K000944403 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1978 | Prance, G.T. [18015], Brazil | K000944408 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1977 | Prance, G.T. [4264], Brazil | K000944405 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1977 | Prance, G.T. [10333], Brazil | K000944404 | Yes | ||
Nov 1, 1952 | Burchell [3613], Brazil | K000944406 | Yes | ||
Oct 21, 1897 | Forsyth Major [733], Madagascar | K000384515 | No | ||
Parker, G.W. [s.n.], Madagascar | K000384514 | No | |||
Balée, W.L. [893], Brazil | K000944410 | Yes | |||
Baron, R. [2717], Madagascar | K000384511 | No | |||
s.coll. [1771], Brazil | K000944407 | Yes | |||
Baron, R. [1040], Madagascar | K000384513 | No | |||
Zappi, D.C. [1311], Mato Grosso | K000578970 | Yes | |||
Henicka, G.S. [22], Mato Grosso | K000578255 | No | |||
Schipp, W.A. [1236], Honduras | Ipomoea confertiflora | K000612768 | Yes | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1356] | Convolvulus batatas | K001112874 | Yes | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1356] | Convolvulus batatas | K001112875 | Yes |
First published in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793)
Accepted by
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- Al Khulaidi, A.W.A. in Al Khulaidi, A.W.A. (2012). Fl. Yemen Convolvulaceae + Cuscutaceae Flora of Yemen: 73-76 + 80. EPA and UNDP, Republic of Yemen.
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- Doty, M.S. (1954). Floristics and plant ecology of Raroia Atoll, Tuamotus Atoll Research Bulletin 33: 1.
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- Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
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- Grigor'ev, Y.S. (1974). Convolvulaceae Flora of the USSR 19: 3-30. Science Publishers, Inc.
- Grisebach, A.H.R. in Grisebach, A. H. R. (1862). Convolvulaceae Flora of the British West Indian Isands: 466-476. Lovell Reeve.
- Hallier, H. (1899). Convolvulaceae Africanae. II Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflangengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 28: 28-54.
- Hancock, I.R. & C.P. Henderson (1988). Convolvulaceae Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 131-132.
- Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition Sommerfeltia 17: 88-93.
- Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
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- Heine, H. in Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1963). Convolvulaceae Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition 2: 335-352 + 496. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations.
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Not accepted by
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
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Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
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Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible
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Flora Zambesiaca
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Flora of Somalia
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Bulletin
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
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Useful Plants of Boyacá Project
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Wood Anatomy Microscope Slides
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