- Family:
- Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus:
- Calamagrostis Adans.
Calamagrostis arenaria (L.) Roth

[GB]
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes elongated. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; 50-120 cm long. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 10-30 mm long. Leaf-blades convolute; 20-60 cm long; 2-6 mm wide; stiff. Leaf-blade surface ribbed; pubescent; hairy adaxially. Leaf-blade apex pungent.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle spiciform; linear, or oblong; tapering above; 7-22 cm long; 1-2.5 cm wide. Primary panicle branches appressed. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels 1-4 mm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; laterally compressed; 10-16 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus bearded. Floret callus hairs 0.25-0.33 length of lemma (3-5mm).
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; laterally compressed; 10-16 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus bearded. Floret callus hairs 0.25-0.33 length of lemma (3-5mm).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes persistent; similar; exceeding apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate; 10-15 mm long; 0.9-1 length of upper glume; chartaceous; 1-keeled; 1 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins absent. Lower glume surface asperulous. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume lanceolate; 10-16 mm long; 1.2-1.3 length of adjacent fertile lemma; chartaceous; 1-keeled; 3 -veined. Upper glume surface asperulous. Upper glume apex acute.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Fertile lemma lanceolate; 8-12 mm long; coriaceous; keeled; 5-7 -veined. Lemma surface asperulous. Lemma apex dentate; 2 -fid; mucronate. Principal lemma awn subapical. Palea 0.9 length of lemma; 2-4 -veined. Palea keels approximate; scaberulous; adorned above.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Anthers 3; 4-7 mm long. Ovary glabrous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; obovoid. Hilum linear; 0.8 length of caryopsis.
- Distribution
- Europe: northern, central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Africa: north and south. Asia-temperate: western Asia and Arabia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. Pacific: southwestern and north-central. North America: western Canada, northwest USA, and southwest USA. South America: southern South America. Antarctic: Subantarctic islands.
- Reference
- Aveneae. CEH.
Doubtfully present in:
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corse, Cyprus, Denmark, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Finland, France, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, Netherlands, Northwest European R, Norway, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, British Columbia, California, Cape Provinces, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile South, Falkland Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Maryland, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Norfolk Is., Nova Scotia, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Washington, Western Australia
- Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link
- Ammophila arenaria var. arundinacea Husn.
- Ammophila arenaria subsp. arundinacea H.Lindb.
- Ammophila arundinacea Host
- Arundo arenaria L.
- Calamagrostis arenaria subsp. arundinacea Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci
- Phalaris ammophila Link
- Phalaris maritima Nutt.
- Psamma ammophila Link
- Psamma arenaria (L.) Roem. & Schult.
Calamagrostis arenaria (L.) Roth appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 34 (1788)
Not accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne. [Cited as Ammophila arenaria.]
Literature
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
- Broughton, D.A. & McAdam, J.H. (2002). The non-native vascular flora of the Falkland islands Botanical Journal of Scotland 54: 153-190.
- Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
- Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
- Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Mouterde, P. (1966). Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie 1(Texte): 1-563. Éditions de l'imprimerie Catholique, Beyrouth.
- Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1 Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
- Wilson, A. (ed.) (2009). Flora of Australia 44A: 1-410. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
- Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
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GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Science Photographs
Copyright applied to individual images