Boraginaceae
Echium

Echium vulgare L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 139 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Europe to Xinjiang. It is an annual or biennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Corse, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Xinjiang

Introduced into:

Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Algeria, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arkansas, British Columbia, Buryatiya, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, Chile South, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Free State, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Morocco, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
  • Barkalov, V.Y. (ed.) (1991). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 5: 1-388. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 1-449. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Malyschev, L.I. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 11: 1-310. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2013). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 16. Taxon 62: 1355-1360.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 1: 1-366. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Pykhalova, T., Anenkhonov, O., Badmayeva, N., Sekulich, I. & Krivobokov, L. (2009). Floristic findings in Buryatia. Turczaninowia 12(1-2): 58-61.
  • Rodríguez, R., Grau, J., Baeza, C. & Davies, A. (2008). Lista comentada de las plantas vasculares de los Nevados de Chillan, Chile. Gayana. Botánica 65: 153-197.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Stalažs, A. (2024). List of vascular plants of Latvia (with Latvian names): 1-312. Dobele.
  • Tamanyan, K.G. (2011). Checklist of Boraginaceae Juss. family in Armenia. Takhtajania 1: 60-69.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1972). Flora Europaea 3: 1-370. Cambridge University Press.
  • Vladimirov, V., Dane, F. & Kit Tan (2010). New floristic records in the Balkans: 13. Phytologia Balcanica 16: 143-165.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1995). Flora of China 16: 1-479. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2020). http://botsad.ru/media/aux/bp/BP_2020_9_1_vinogradova.pdf. epublication.
  • (2023). www.phytoneuron.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/14PhytoN-AlabamaRecords3.pdf. epublication.
  • Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
  • Barkalov, V.Y. (ed.) (1991). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 5: 1-388. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 1-449. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • GBIF ( 2021-continuously updated). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Malyschev, L.I. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 11: 1-310. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2013). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 16. Taxon 62: 1355-1360.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Pykhalova, T., Anenkhonov, O., Badmayeva, N., Sekulich, I. & Krivobokov, L. (2009). Floristic findings in Buryatia. Turczaninowia 12(1-2): 58-61.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tamanyan, K.G. (2011). Checklist of Boraginaceae Juss. family in Armenia. Takhtajania 1: 60-69.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Oct 1, 1969 Lacaita [658] Spain K000958578 Unknown Type Material Yes
Edmonds, M.E. (Miss) [68] United Kingdom K005085808 Yes
Britton, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085777 Yes
Hilliard, O.M.; Burtt, B.L. [18686] South Africa K005087810 Yes
Mauve; Tölken [4520] K005087801 Yes
Ince, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085762 Yes
Mann, R.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085800 Yes
Dickson, Z. [23] United Kingdom K005085773 Yes
Meebold, A. [s.n.] Switzerland K005085904 Yes
Jeffers, R.H. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085810 Yes
Eggler [s.n.] Switzerland K005085908 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [13176] United Kingdom K005085774 Yes
Favrat [s.n.] K005085909 Yes
s.coll. [433] Russia K005085895 Yes
Brink, E. [265] K005087809 Yes
Davis [33326] Russia K005085897 Yes
[G. Teuz] [112] Austria K005085918 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] Switzerland K005085912 Yes
Jackson, A.K.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [110] United Kingdom K005085791 Yes
s.coll. [4748] United Kingdom K005085764 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085780 Yes
Saville, D. [151] Hungary K005085916 Yes
Horwood, C.B.M. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085797 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [2014bis] United Kingdom K005085795 Yes
Meyer, N.; Bräutigam, S.; Schuhwerk, F. [92/145] Germany K005085902 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [193] United Kingdom K005085806 Yes
Boguschevsky, T.; Lochanjko, Th. [s.n.] Ukraine K005085896 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085772 Yes
Saville, D. [152] Austria K005085914 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] K005085770 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005087806 Yes
Giles, J.J. [90] United Kingdom K001419173 Yes
[N. K. Vettinger] [s.n.] Austria K005085922 Yes
Saville, D. [152] Austria K005085915 Yes
Cope, T.A. [RBG 152] United Kingdom K000914313 Yes
Jackson, A.B.; Jackson, A.K. [38] United Kingdom K005085792 Yes
Brandt, T. [s.n.] Sweden K005085887 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [s.n.] Switzerland K005085905 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [31/53] United Kingdom K005085785 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085784 Yes
Wright, C.H. [129] United Kingdom K005085805 Yes
Rawlings, S. [91] United Kingdom K005085767 Yes
Ruhsam, M. [DMR45] United Kingdom K001768274 Yes
s.coll. [S692] United Kingdom K005085775 Yes
Walas, J. [s.n.] Poland K005085885 Yes
[P. Vetter] [1422] Switzerland K005085913 Yes
Riddelsdell, H.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085779 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085783 Yes
Leicester Darwell (Revd) [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085793 Yes
Naylor, G. [358] United Kingdom K005085766 Yes
Ross, J. (Mrs) [H1693/57] United Kingdom K005085811 Yes
Jackson, A.K.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [110] United Kingdom K005085790 Yes
Marsh, J.A. [[35]] K005087803 Yes
Saint-Supéry (Dr) [s.n.] Russia K005085892 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K005085924 Yes
Collett, R. [s.n.] Norway K005085886 Yes
Smith, A.R. [650620/7] United Kingdom K005085761 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085771 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085768 Yes
Hall, P.M. [150] United Kingdom K005085799 Yes
Thring, G. (Mrs) [s.n.] Switzerland K005085906 Yes
Codd, L.E.; Dyer, R.A. [6233] K005087805 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Cruttwell, N.E.G.; Mills, J.N. (Dr.) [6650] United Kingdom K005085759 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K005085921 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085781 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K004116947 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K005085894 Yes
Golopencza [1385] Hungary K005085883 No
Taylor, P. [0507] United Kingdom K005085801 Yes
Britton, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085776 Yes
Ker, M.D. [1a+1b] United Kingdom K005085778 Yes
Asplund, E. [s.n.] Sweden K005085889 Yes
Wettstein [s.n.] Austria K005085919 Yes
Cowan. R.S. [MFF 126] United Kingdom K000696461 No
s.coll. [692] United Kingdom K005085760 Yes
BTL [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085794 Yes
Tichomirov, V.; Kovda, O.; Prokopova, L.; Czerevan, I.; Jusupova, L. [s.n.] Russia K005085893 Yes
Wierzbicki [1919] K000958579 Unknown Type Material Yes
Zaplatílková, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K005085882 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [H17831932] United Kingdom K005085807 Yes
Price, W.R. [s.n.] Denmark K005085890 Yes
Saville, D. [151] Hungary K005085917 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [3513] United Kingdom K005085758 Yes
Srodon, A. [s.n.] Poland K005085884 Yes
Verdcourt [5390B] United Kingdom K005085803 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K005087761 Yes
Parker (Mrs); Cubitt, M. (Miss) [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085804 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K005085910 Yes
Sandwith, C.I.; Sandwith, N.Y. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085787 Yes
Hanekom, W.J. [2591] K005087811 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [1513] United Kingdom K005085796 Yes
Theron, G.C. [708] K005087807 Yes
Sandwith, C.I.; Sandwith, N.Y. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085788 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K005085891 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085765 Yes
Wierzbicki [194] K000958580 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K005085923 Yes
Wilkinson, H.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085798 Yes
Ballard, F. [646] United Kingdom K005085809 Yes
Acocks, J.P.H. [16282] K005087804 Yes
Lewis, G.P. [52] United Kingdom K005085802 Yes
Wierzbicki [s.n.] Hungary K000958577 Type Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085786 Yes
[C. Recent] [s.n.] Germany K005085903 Yes
Ahlberg, F. [s.n.] K005085888 Yes
Theron, G.C. [2198] K005087808 Yes
Sidey, J.L. [3977] K005087802 Yes
Favrat [s.n.] K005085907 Yes
Grabmayr, V. [s.n.] Austria K005085920 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] K005085769 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [18981] Switzerland K005085911 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K005085782 Yes
Bell, J.H. [356] United Kingdom K005085763 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K005087762 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Kew's Living Collection Database

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images