Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

First published in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 411 (1762)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is an epiphyte and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, as a medicine and has environmental uses and social uses.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arkansas, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Chile Central, Chile North, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Nicaragua, North Carolina, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Suriname, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Virginia, Windward Is.

Extinct in:

Maryland

Introduced into:

Queensland, Society Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Albano, P.-O. (2003). La Conaissance des Plantes Exotiques: 1-324. Édisud, Aix-en-Provence.
  • Espejo-Serna, A. & López-Ferrari, A.R. (2005). Bromeliaceae. Flora de Veracruz 136: 1-307. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.
  • Espejo-Serna, A., López-Ferrari, A.R., Martínez-Correa, N. & Pulido-Esparza, V.A. (2007). Bromeliad flora of Oaxaca, Mexico: richness and distribution. Acta Botanica Mexicana 81: 71-147. Instituto de Ecología A.C.
  • Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Martinelli, G., Magalhães Vieira, C., Gonzalez, M., Leitman, P., Piratininga, A. Ferreira da Costa, A. & Campostrini Forzza, R. (2008). Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 59: 209-258.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Pulido-Esparza, V.A., López-Ferrari, A.R. & Espejo-Serna, A. (2004). Flora Bromeliológia del estado de Guerrero, México: riqueza y distribución. Boletin de la Sociedad Botanica de México 75: 55-104.
  • Sant'Ana Melhem, T., das Graças Lapa Wanderley, M., Ehlin Martins, S., Jung-Mendaçolli, S.L., Shepherd, G.J. & Kirizawa, M. (eds.) (2007). Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo 5: 1-476. Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo.
  • Versieux, L.M. & Wendt, T. (2006). Checklist of Bromeliaceae of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with notes on taxonomy and endemism. Selbyana 27: 107-146.
  • Versieux, L.M., Wendt, T., Batista Louzada, R. & das Graças Lapa Wanderley, M. (2008 publ. 2009). Bromeliaceae da Cadeia do Espinhaço. Megadiversidade 4: 98-110.

Kew Species Profiles

  • Arny, N.P. (1996) Spanish Moss and Ball Moss. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services.
  • Bennett, B.C. (1986) The Florida Bromeliads: Tillandsia usneoides. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 36 (4):149-151.
  • Benzing, D.H. (2000) Bromeliaceae, Profile of an Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  • Billings, F.H. (1904) A Study of Tillandsia usneoides. Botanical Gazette, 38 (2): 99-121.
  • Duke, J.A. (2009). Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Figueiredo, A.M.G., Alcalá, A.L., Ticianelli, R.B., Domingos, M. & Saiki, M. (2004). The use of Tillandsia usneoides L. as bioindicator of air pollution in São Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 259: 59-63.
  • Filho, J. A. S. and E. M. C. Leme. (2007) Fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil: Biodiversity, Conservation and the Bromeliads. Andrea Jakobson Estudio, Rio de Janeiro.
  • Garth, R. E. (1964) The Ecology of Spanish Moss ( Tillandsia usneoides): Its Growth and Distribution. Ecology 45: 470-481.
  • Krulik, J. 2008. Varieties of Spanish Moss. Journal of the Bromeliad Society. 58: 241-288.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew's Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Identificación de las plantas útiles como Productos Forestales No Maderables del Bosque seco-Tropical en tres ventanas del Caribe colombiano. 1386 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Sarmiento Bernal, C. (Proveedor del metadatos). Espitia Palenci, L. (Autor), Gallego, B. (Punto de contacto), Aguilar Cano, J. (Curador), Mendoza, H. (Curador). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=rrbb_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Germán Torres-Morales (Originador, Editor), Laura Nova (Originador), Jhon Estupián (Editor), Lina García (Contacto del recurso). Lista de especies de plantas y murciélagos de la cuenca del río Claro, Antioquia. 2746 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_rioclaro_faunaflora_201
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2000 Gillies, J. [696] Chile K000584933 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 2000 Bridges [538] Chile K000321890 Lectotype Yes
Aug 1, 1990 Harley, R.M.; Pirani, J.R.; Stannard, B.L.; Cordeiro, I.; Kameyama, C. [24537] Brazil K000294363 Yes
Jun 1, 1983 Bautista, H.P.; Pinto, C.G.P. [767] Brazil K000294366 Yes
Mar 5, 1983 Schomburgk [159] Guyana K000321874 Type Yes
Mar 1, 1983 Bourgeau, M. [95] Mexico K000321718 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1972 Irwin, H.S.; Harley, R.M.; Smith, G.L. [32408] Brazil K000294360 Yes
May 1, 1966 Luetzelburg, P.von [307] Brazil K000294367 Yes
Jul 1, 1922 Luetzelburg [12232] Brazil K000976178 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Dawson, R.F.; Youse, H.R. [5808] Honduras K002272684 Yes
Moldenke, H. [538] United States K002272535 Yes
Edwards, P.J. [s.n.] Ecuador K002273632 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K002272599 Yes
Andrieux, G. [56] Mexico K002272669 Yes
[Pesibre] [213] Mexico K002272675 Yes
[A. Miguel Bang Lectæ] [107] Bolivia K002273642 Yes
Lewis, G.P.; Mello Silva, R.; Pirani, J.R.; Furlan, A.; Harley, R.M. [CFCR7501] Brazil K000294365 Yes
von Sneidern, K. [2070] Colombia K002273625 Yes
s.coll. [875] Ecuador K002273633 Yes
Palmer, E. [183] Mexico K002272671 Yes
Hale, J. [s.n.] United States K002272546 Yes
Kitching, L. [s.n.] United States K002272540 Yes
{Cooke} [3/78] United States K002272537 Yes
[Clarenu Elliott] [193] Chile K002273963 Yes
Coulter, T. [1578] Mexico K002272670 Yes
{Lindheimer} [1202] United States K002272550 Yes
Paula, J.E.; Mendonça, R.C. [1233] Brazil K000294361 Yes
[N. Muev] [[4/79]] K001736603 Yes
Santesson, R. [919] Chile K002273962 Yes
Iltis, H.H.; Iltis, C.M.; Ugent, D.; Ugent, V. [s.n.] Peru K002273638 Yes
Silam, A.P.; Gaumer, G.F. [663] Mexico K002272686 Yes
Combs, R. [343] Cuba K002272974 Yes
Boon, E. [363] United States K002272549 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [3126] Brazil K000976177 Yes
André, E. [1860] K002273645 Yes
Bond, F.E.; Gillin, T.S.; Brown, S. [199] Venezuela K002273628 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [2355] Brazil K000976180 Yes
Kalloo, M.B. [1667] Trinidad and Tobago K002272965 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; [con Huallya, H [22548] Bolivia K002273641 No
Kerber, E. [262] Mexico K002272678 Yes
[W. Audy] [1860] K002273648 Yes
Cascante, A.; Ruiz, A.; Gómez, H. [513] Costa Rica K002272687 Yes
Little, E.L. [6691] Ecuador K002273630 Yes
Holm-Nielsen, L. [16677] Ecuador K002273629 Yes
Spruce, R. [5436] Ecuador K000201634 Yes
Fredholm, A. [5231] United States K002272536 Yes
{Lindheimer} [1203] United States K002272551 Yes
Panfet, C. [71798] Cuba K002272972 Yes
Miguel Bang Leciæ, A. [107] Bolivia K002273646 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [2355] Brazil K000976181 Yes
Matthews [652] Mexico K002272668 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [1348] Brazil K000976179 Yes
Mattos Silva, L.A.; Hage, J.L.; Santos, E.B. [2319] Brazil K000294364 Yes
Wynter, L. [3095dup] Jamaica K002272978 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H 5107] Haiti K002272969 Yes
Bilimek [424] Mexico K002272673 Yes
Lorentz, P.G. [s.n.] Argentina K002273957 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [4884] Cuba K002272975 Yes
Heller, A.A.; Halbach, E.G. [513] Puerto Rico K002272968 Yes
Maling [12] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K002272981 Yes
Matthews, V.D. [s.n.] United States K002272543 Yes
Foster, M.B.; Smith, L.B.; Smith, D.L. [s.n.] United States K002272534 Yes
Juarez, A.; Trujillo, D.; Ayasta, J.; Mejia, O. [670] Peru K002273634 Yes
von Türckheim, H. [3062] Dominican Republic K002272980 Yes
Peck, C. [s.n.] United States K002272545 Yes
Hancock, W. [s.n.] Guatemala K002272682 Yes
Hooker [s.n.] K002273960 Yes
Juarez, A.; Trujillo, D.; Ayasta, J.; Mejia, O. [670] Peru K002273635 Yes
Lossen, W. [4281] Argentina K002273959 Yes
Nash, G.V. [s.n.] United States K002272539 Yes
Buchtien, O. [s.n.] Bolivia K002273643 Yes
Cuming, H. [646] Chile K002273961 Yes
von Türckheim, H. [325] Guatemala K002272681 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; [Con Huaylla, [23281] Bolivia K002273639 Yes
Iltis, H.H.; Iltis, C.M.; Ugent, D.; Ugent, V. [540] Peru K002273637 Yes
Spruce, R. [5435] Ecuador K000201633 Yes
[Mils Clay] [s.n.] K002272547 Yes
[E. Robusta Morr] [1002] Mexico K002272676 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002274002 Yes
Alexander Prior, R.C. [s.n.] Jamaica K002272977 Yes
s.coll. [463] Brazil K002272667 Yes
Bussmann, R.W.; Zambrana, N.P.; Ocaña, C.V.; Téllez, C. [18485] Peru K002273636 Yes
Boldingh, I. [3416] Saint Martin K002272971 Yes
Field, A. [125] Venezuela K002273626 Yes
Curtiss, A.H. [2850] United States K002272538 Yes
[illegible] [K325] K002273644 Yes
Sano, P.T.; Atkins, S.; Sakuragui, C.M.; Harley, R.M.; Souza, V.C. [CFCR14494] Brazil K000294362 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002273647 Yes
Valeur, E.J. [788] Dominican Republic K002272979 Yes
Owens, R.J.; Gaffee, K.A. [149] Venezuela K002273627 Yes
Pedersen, T.M. [11996] Argentina K002273958 Yes
Asplund, E. [s.n.] Ecuador K001736609 Yes
Fernald, M.L.; Long, B.H. [4841] United States K002272548 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Mexico K002272674 Yes
Villacorta, R.; et al. [1034] El Salvador K002272685 Yes
Chapman, A.W.; Olney, S.T.; Metcalf, J. [[4]8] United States K002272542 Yes
André, É. [552] K002273650 Yes
Rothschild, B.; Phillips, B.L. [043] Mexico K002272680 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Koepper, J.M.; Wagner, K.A. [8176] Honduras K002272683 Yes
Fendler, A. [831] Trinidad and Tobago K002272976 Yes
[F. Arsine] [s.n.] Mexico K002272672 Yes
Urtiaga [s.n.] Cuba K002272973 Yes
Moldenke, H. [538] United States K002272541 Yes
Edwards, P.J. [s.n.] Ecuador K002273631 Yes
Graham [s.n.] Mexico K002272666 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [1856] Trinidad and Tobago K002272966 Yes
Carnevali, G.; Tapia, J.L.; May-Pat, F. [5151] Mexico K002272679 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K000976182 Yes
Regnell, A.F. [s.n.] Brazil K000976176 Yes
Fendler, A. [813] Trinidad and Tobago K002272967 Yes
[Wem Harvey] [2850] United States K002272544 Yes
Isabelle, M. [526] Brazil K002272677 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; [con Huallya, H [22548] Bolivia K002273640 Yes
Dawe, M.T. [602] Colombia K002273624 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Neotropikey

    • Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/