Araceae
Colocasia

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

First published in H.W.Schott & S.L.Endlicher, Melet. Bot.: 18 (1832)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is India to S. China and Sumatera. It is a tuberous geophyte and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand

Introduced into:

Alabama, Algeria, Andaman Is., Azores, Baleares, Benin, Bermuda, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Republic, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, Christmas I., Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, DR Congo, East Aegean Is., Easter Is., Ecuador, Florida, Galápagos, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kermadec Is., Korea, Laccadive Is., Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Maldives, Marquesas, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Morocco, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niue, Norfolk Is., NW. Balkan Pen., Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Sardegna, Senegal, Seychelles, Sicilia, Society Is., Socotra, Solomon Is., Spain, Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Sudan-South Sudan, Sulawesi, Texas, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Türkey, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Zambia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.11.68063. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Albano, P.-O. (2003). La Conaissance des Plantes Exotiques: 1-324. Édisud, Aix-en-Provence.
  • Ananda Rao, T. & Ellis, J.L. (1995). Flora of Lakshadweep islands off the Malabar coast, peninsular India, with emphasis on phytogeographical distribution of plants. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19: 235-250.
  • Ara, H. (2001). An Annotated Checklist of Aroids of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 8(2): 19-34.
  • Ara, H., & Abul Hassan, M. (2005). New records of three aroids from Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 12: 25-32.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Berhaut, J. (1988). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 9: 1-522. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Boyce, P.C., Sookchaloem, D., Hetterscheid, W.L.A., Gusman, G., Jacobsen, N., Idei, T. & Nguyen, V.D. (2012). Flora of Thailand 11(2): 101-325. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Brown, L.C. (1982). The Flora and Fauna of St Helena: 1-88. Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, England.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • Funez, L.A. & al. (2017). Fifty-five new records of vascular plants, and other discoveries for the flora of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 72: 221-275.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gogoi, R. & Borah, S. (2013). Two new species and a new record for Colocasia (Araceae: Colocasieae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 65: 27-37.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I. & Çimen, A.Ö. (eds.) (2018). Resimli Türkiye Florası (Illustrated Flora of Türkiye) 2: 1-1054. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit. Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Haigh, A. & Boyce, P.C. (2012). Flora Zambesiaca 12(1): 1-54. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Hernandez, J. (2007). In Hawaiian rainforests: exotic aroid ecologies. Aroideana 30: 91-97.
  • Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Kurniawan, A., Adjie, B. & Boyce, P.C. (2011). Studies on the Araceae of Sulawesi I: New taxa of Schismatoglottis and Homalomena, and a preliminary checklist and keys for Sulawesi. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 61: 40-50.
  • Mansor, M., Boyce, P.C., Othman, A.S. & Sulaiman, B. (2012). The Araceae of peninsular Malaysia: 1-146. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Moreira de Andrade, I. & al. (2013). The Araceae in Ceará, Brazil: humid forest plants in semi-arid region. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 64: 445-477.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Nguyễn Văn Du (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 16: 1-458. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
  • Schinini, A. (2006). Adenda a las Araceae de la flora del Paraguay. Rojasiana 7(2): 51-62.
  • Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Wilder, G. P. (1934). The flora of Makatea CNV. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 120: 1-49.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island. Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • A. F. Hill in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 7: 113(1939)
  • Morton, W. Afr. Lilies & Orch. fig. 60.
  • in Schott and Endl., Melet. 1: 18 (1832)

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Cadena-González, A.L. (2010). Study of knowledge on medicinal plants in Zetaquira and Campo Hermoso municipalities (Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia) using quantitative approaches. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Copenhagen.
  • Crop wild relative Inventory https://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/ in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • National Research Council (US). Panel on Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value, & United States. Agency for International Development. Office of Science. (1975). Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value: Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Commission on International Relations (Vol. 16). National Academies.

CATE Araceae

  • Hen(g) Li, Guang Hua Zhu, Boyce, P.C., Murata, J., Hetterscheid, W.L.A., Bogner, J. & Jacobsen, N. 2010. Araceae in Flora of China @ efloras.org.
  • Yuzammi & Hay, A. Colocasia in Araceae (Unpublished) Flora Malesiana.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.11.68063. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ananda Rao, T. & Ellis, J.L. (1995). Flora of Lakshadweep islands off the Malabar coast, peninsular India, with emphasis on phytogeographical distribution of plants. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19: 235-250.
  • Ara, H. (2001). An Annotated Checklist of Aroids of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 8(2): 19-34.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Berhaut, J. (1988). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 9: 1-522. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brown, L.C. (1982). The Flora and Fauna of St Helena: 1-88. Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, England.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Christopherson, E. (1935). Flowering Plants of Samoa. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 128: 1-221.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • Funez, L.A. & al. (2017). Fifty-five new records of vascular plants, and other discoveries for the flora of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 72: 221-275.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I. & Çimen, A.Ö. (eds.) (2018). Resimli Türkiye Florası (Illustrated Flora of Türkiye) 2: 1-1054. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit. Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Haigh, A. & Boyce, P.C. (2012). Flora Zambesiaca 12(1): 1-54. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Hernandez, J. (2007). In Hawaiian rainforests: exotic aroid ecologies. Aroideana 30: 91-97.
  • Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Kurniawan, A., Adjie, B. & Boyce, P.C. (2011). Studies on the Araceae of Sulawesi I: New taxa of Schismatoglottis and Homalomena, and a preliminary checklist and keys for Sulawesi. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 61: 40-50.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Moreira de Andrade, I. & al. (2013). The Araceae in Ceará, Brazil: humid forest plants in semi-arid region. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 64: 445-477.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Schinini, A. (2006). Adenda a las Araceae de la flora del Paraguay. Rojasiana 7(2): 51-62.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Wilder, G. P. (1934). The flora of Makatea CNV. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 120: 1-49.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.
  • Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island. Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Nicolson in Fl. Vitiensis Nov. 1: 456 (1979).
  • Schott, Bogner in Fl. Madag. 31: 30 (1975).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Dempewolf, H., Eastwood, R. J., Guarino, L., Khoury, C. K., Müller, J. V. & Toll, J. (2014). Adapting agriculture to climate change: a global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38, 369-377.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
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  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2005 Acevedo-Rdgz, P.; Acevedo, L.; Siaca, A. [14450] Puerto Rico K000731707 Yes
Jun 29, 2001 Utteridge, T.M.A. [411] Indonesia K:SPC-64566.000 No
Jun 20, 2000 Johns, R.J. [9247] K:SPC-62494.000 No
Christensen, H.; Apu, F.L. [238] Malaysia K002820467 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [976] Thailand K002820441 Yes
Prescott, T.A.K.; et al. [52] Papua New Guinea K002820506 Yes
Drège [s.n.] South Africa K002820548 Yes
Milliken, W. [1445] Indonesia K002820491 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Spain K002820295 Yes
Taylor, K.; Boyce, P. [KT03] Thailand K002820419 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [976] Thailand K002820440 Yes
Waterhouse, J.H.L. [486-B] Solomon Islands K002820515 Yes
Cook, C. [168] Indonesia K002820503 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820580 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820517 Yes
Marcan, A. [442] Thailand K002820431 Yes
Boos, H. [31308] Trinidad and Tobago K002820555 Yes
s.coll. [7732] K002820611 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [8132] Hong Kong K002820304 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [20532] Thailand K002820418 Yes
[T]. D. Maitland [145 [A B]] Uganda K002820531 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1716] Thailand K002820424 Yes
Sands, M.J.S.; Pattison, G.A.; Wood, J.J. [SANDS2183] Papua New Guinea K002820509 Yes
Dr. King's Collector [4698] Malaysia K002820397 Yes
Ayres, P.B. [s.n.] Mauritius K002820543 Yes
Maire, E.E. [586] China K002820310 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [658] Malaysia K002820388 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [7118] Seychelles K002820541 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [976] Thailand K002820439 Yes
Guile, D.P.M. [6113] Hong Kong K002820303 Yes
Hawke [5328] Peru K002820564 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820597 Yes
[H. L.]Put [4021] Thailand K002820417 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [15612] Malawi K002820538 Yes
s.coll. [475] Indonesia K002820462 Yes
Horsfield, T. [s.n.] Indonesia K002820463 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [10333] Cameroon K002820527 Yes
Pichi-Sermolli, R. [1751] K002820528 Yes
Cyprus K:SPC-80189.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820601 Yes
Dallachy [s.n.] Australia K002820511 Yes
Yapp [60] Malaysia K002820405 Yes
Ghani, F.; Saman, R. [061] Malaysia K002820402 Yes
s.coll. [4256 & 4257] K002820603 Yes
Albert [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago K002820554 Yes
s.coll. [7732] K002820614 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [976] Thailand K002820438 Yes
Willis, F.R. [284] Indonesia K:SPC-71459.000 No
Brunet; Warman [098] Seychelles K002820540 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820298 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820586 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [50] K002820621 Yes
Henry, A. [12379] China K002820312 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [57] K002820615 Yes
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [10069] Cameroon K002820526 Yes
Pratt, A.E. [427] China K002820308 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [658] Malaysia K002820389 Yes
K:SPC-70000.502 No
Zambia K:SPC-16893.000 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [742] Thailand K002820432 Yes
Paranjpye, H.P. [19] Iraq K002820293 Yes
{Md. Nur} [32687] Malaysia K002820393 Yes
Gibert [1316] Uruguay K002820570 Yes
Brown, N.E. [s.n.] K002820590 Yes
Ghani, F. [060] Malaysia K002820400 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [11185] Hong Kong K002820302 Yes
{Md. Nur} [SFN32687] Malaysia K002820394 Yes
Tsang, W.T. [196] China K002820301 Yes
Johnson, W. [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago K002820558 Yes
Cadet, T. [5148] Reunion K002820542 Yes
Hawkes [5328] Peru K002820565 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [26] K002820618 Yes
Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. [14454] Puerto Rico K002820560 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820585 Yes
Mavi, S. [900] Zimbabwe K002820537 Yes
Millar; Royen, V. [NGF15893] Papua New Guinea K002820496 Yes
Paranjpye, H.P. [19] Iraq K002820292 Yes
Pius, G.; et al. [SAN143466] Malaysia K002820464 Yes
Cook, C. [132] Indonesia K002820501 Yes
Drège [s.n.] South Africa K002820549 Yes
s.coll. [4258 & 4259] K002820600 Yes
Trapnell, C.G. [1634] Zambia K002820535 Yes
Brown, N.E. [s.n.] K002820589 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820592 Yes
Boden-Kloss, C. [s.n.] Indonesia K002820487 Yes
Schinini, A.; Cabral, E.; Caceres, S.; Ferrucci, S.; Vanni, R. [23572] Argentina K002820567 Yes
Bryan Jr., E.H. [1251] Guam K002820519 Yes
Schinini, A.; Cabral, E.; Caceres, S.; Ferrucci, S.; Vanni, R. [23572] Argentina K002820566 Yes
Schinini, A.; Cabral, E.; Caceres, S.; Ferrucci, S.; Vanni, R. [23572] Argentina K002820568 Yes
Drummond [s.n.] United States K002820550 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [742] Thailand K002820433 Yes
Sands, M.J.S.; Pattison, G.A.; Wood, J.J. [SANDS2183] Papua New Guinea K002820510 Yes
van Royen, P.; Sleumer, H. [6709] Indonesia K002820488 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [10165] Thailand K002820415 Yes
Quayle, E.H. [113] French Polynesia K002820523 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820612 Yes
Phuong, V.X.; Huyen, D.D.; Du, N.V.; Binh, N.Q.; Xuyen, D.T.; Kok, R.D.; Bramley, G.; Challen, G.; Vorontsova, M. [HNK127] Vietnam K002820445 Yes
Maximowicz [s.n.] Japan K002820315 Yes
Tsang, W.T. [29285] Vietnam K002820444 Yes
{Parnell; Pendry; Jebb; Pooma} [95-277] Thailand K002820442 Yes
Cook, C. [168] Indonesia K002820504 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guyana K002820562 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [80] K002820606 Yes
[E. R. N.] [6834] Kenya K002820533 Yes
Cook, C. [132] Indonesia K002820500 Yes
{El. Engler} [251] K002820593 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820604 Yes
St. John, H. [14661] French Polynesia K002820521 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Thailand K002820429 Yes
Ghani, F. [062] Malaysia K002820404 Yes
s.coll. [567] K002820582 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820587 Yes
Cook, C. [132] Indonesia K002820502 Yes
Parkinson, C.E. [15101] Burma K002820410 Yes
Henry [8830] China K002820309 Yes
Johnson, W. [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago K002820557 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K002820520 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [8132] Hong Kong K002820305 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820583 Yes
Caribbean K:SPC-80252.000 No
Versteeg [1482] Indonesia K002820484 Yes
Kerr, A. [10165] Thailand K002820416 Yes
Milliken, W. [980] Indonesia K002820471 Yes
Sweklie, J.M. [2166] Malaysia K002820392 Yes
Christensen, H.; Apu, F. [738] Malaysia K002820470 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [20532] Thailand K002820428 Yes
Ghani, F. [062] Malaysia K002820403 Yes
K:SPC-22436.000 No
s.coll. [1559] Malaysia K002820390 Yes
Ghani, F. [061] Malaysia K002820396 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [334] K002820290 Yes
Aké Assi, L. [7365] Cote d'Ivoire K002820524 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [502] Papua New Guinea K002820508 Yes
Collins, E.E. [s.n.] Thailand K002820437 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [50] K002820620 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820588 Yes
Christensen, H.; Apu, F.L. [238] Malaysia K002820468 Yes
Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. [14454] Puerto Rico K002820561 Yes
Lau, S.Y.; Woo, H.N. [20360] China K002820299 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1619] Thailand K002820425 Yes
Hyland, B.P.M. [03793] Australia K002820512 Yes
Johnson, W. [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago K002820556 Yes
Jamaica K:SPC-80247.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820595 Yes
Taylor, K.; Boyce, P. [KT03] Thailand K002820420 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1439] Papua New Guinea K002820499 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [6090] Hong Kong K002820306 Yes
Ghani, F. [061] Malaysia K002820399 Yes
Cyprus K:SPC-70000.386 No
[H. L.] Put [4021] Thailand K002820411 Yes
Kerr, A. [20532] Thailand K002820427 Yes
Mayar, U.W.; Thomas, S.; Sands, M.J.S.; Davis, A.P. [350B] Indonesia K002820493 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [43] K002820609 Yes
Baron, R. [5257] Madagascar K002820545 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [6490] Hong Kong K002820307 Yes
Jenang, K. [S58156] Malaysia K002820466 Yes
Collins, E.E.; Kerr, A.F.G. [10068] Thailand K002820413 Yes
Bogner [340] Madagascar K002820547 Yes
Marcan, A. [1433] Thailand K002820423 Yes
Schinini, A.; Cabral, E.; Caceres, S.; Ferrucci, S.; Vanni, R. [23572] K002820569 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [43] K002820608 Yes
Henry, A. [12510] China K002820311 Yes
s.coll. [1550] Malaysia K002820391 Yes
Dr. King's Collector [1646] Malaysia K002820395 Yes
Versteeg [1247] Indonesia K002820483 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [80] Singapore K002820607 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [26] K002820619 Yes
Thomson, T. [1415] K002820613 Yes
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [(1853) 1822] Israel K002820294 Yes
s.coll. [428] Spain K002820297 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [43] K002820610 Yes
Collins, E.E.; Kerr, A.F.G. [10068] Thailand K002820414 Yes
Christophersen, E. [3151] Samoa K002820522 Yes
[Hubret N. Smith]; [Geo. W. Smith] [1690] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K002820552 Yes
Hoogland, R.D.; Craven, L.A. [10089] Papua New Guinea K002820498 Yes
Waterhouse, J.H.L. [486-B] Papua New Guinea K002820516 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820598 Yes
Price, W.R. [921] Taiwan K002820313 Yes
Boyce, P.C. [976] Thailand K:SPC-60529.000 No
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [10069] Cameroon K002820525 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [E3804] Uganda K002820532 Yes
Versteeg [1762] Indonesia K002820485 Yes
[Md. Hanitt] [s.n.] K002820581 Yes
Powell, D.A.; Chey, H.K. [701] Christmas Island K002820472 Yes
Jones, B. [146] Malaysia K002820465 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [57] Malaysia K002820616 Yes
[Mr R. Muchler] [s.n.] Egypt K002820291 Yes
{Er. Smith} [345] Thailand K002820436 Yes
Pulle, A. [156] Indonesia K002820486 Yes
Richardson, W.D. [757] Trinidad and Tobago K002820553 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1654] Thailand K002820426 Yes
[Lindlay] [s.n.] Spain K002820296 Yes
s.coll. [7124] Guyana K002820563 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820584 Yes
[Sarrett] [1229] Thailand K002820412 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820596 Yes
Milliken, W. [1445] Indonesia K002820490 Yes
Ghani, F. [s.n.] Malaysia K002820401 Yes
Doore, L.A.; Earle, T.T.; Philson, P.J. [241] New Zealand K002820514 Yes
Johnson, W. [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago K002820559 Yes
Ghani, F. [061] Malaysia K002820398 Yes
Milliken, W. [1445] Indonesia K002820481 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820602 Yes
Ash, J. [1409] Ethiopia K002820529 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [44] K002820617 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820594 Yes
Baron, R.; F.L.S. [5257] Madagascar K002820546 Yes
Davis, A.P.; Sands, M.J.S.; Thomas, S.; Mayar, U.W.; Matumbongs, R.; Wally, E.; Sagisolo, M. [589] Indonesia K002820492 Yes
Christensen, H.; Apu, F.L. [238] Malaysia K002820469 Yes
K:SPC-70000.471 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [3261] Thailand K002820435 Yes
Hyland [03793] Australia K002820513 Yes
s.coll. [4260] K002820599 Yes
Thompson, S.A.; Nishida, J.H. [3036] United States K002820551 Yes
Merrill [21] Philippines K002820480 Yes
[Ventees] [1247] Indonesia K002820482 Yes
Cook, C. [s.n.] Indonesia K002820505 Yes
Nur, Mohd [7354] Indonesia K002820460 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [154612] Malawi K002820539 Yes
Marcan, A. [1433] Thailand K002820422 Yes
[T]. D. Maitland [145 [AB]] Uganda K002820530 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [7781] Thailand K002820430 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1569] Indonesia K002820489 Yes
Green, P.S. [2313] Australia K002820518 Yes
Hoogland, R.D.; Craven, L.A. [10089] Papua New Guinea K002820497 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [3241] Thailand K002820434 Yes
{Parnell; Pendry; Jebb; Pooma} [95- 277] Thailand K002820443 Yes
Shearer, S. [s.n.] China K002820314 Yes
Taylor, K.; Boyce, P. [KT03] Thailand K002820421 Yes
Baron, R. [[7043]] Madagascar K002820544 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [502] Papua New Guinea K002820507 Yes
Tsang, W. [561] China K002820300 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Cyprus K002820605 Yes
Wild, H. [5683] Zimbabwe K002820536 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002820591 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • CATE Araceae

    • Haigh, A., Clark, B., Reynolds, L., Mayo, S.J., Croat, T.B., Lay, L., Boyce, P.C., Mora, M., Bogner, J., Sellaro, M., Wong, S.Y., Kostelac, C., Grayum, M.H., Keating, R.C., Ruckert, G., Naylor, M.F. and Hay, A., CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/