Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl.

First published in Fl. Ital. 1: 461 (1850)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Medit. to Mongolia and Vietnam, Japan (Shikoku). It is a perennial or annual and grows primarily in the subtropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Baleares, Bulgaria, China North-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Greece, Gulf States, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Siberia, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

Extinct in:

Japan

Introduced into:

Arizona, Germany

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Al-Rawi, A. (1987). Flora of Kuwait 2: 1-455. Alden Press Ltd., U.K.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. I. Pteridophyta à Rosaceae. Candollea 47: 113-179.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Guinea, E. (1948). Catálogo razonado de las plantas del Sáhara Español. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 8: 357-429.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Camus, E.G. & Camus, A. in H. Lecomte (1922). Flore Générale de l'indo-Chine 1(3): 193-336.
  • Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Fedtschenko, B.A. & al. (1932). Flora Turkmenii 1: 1-340. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
  • Guinea, E. (1948). Catálogo razonado de las plantas del Sáhara Español. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 8: 357-429.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Roshevitz, R.J. & al. (eds.) (1950). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 2: 1-315. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  • Ryabinina, Z.N. & Knyazev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 1961 Hennipman, E.; et al. [1999] Türkiye K001562505 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [17041] Afghanistan K003904565 Yes
Virgo, K.J. [60] Bahrain K003904559 Yes
Aellen; [Solaif] [8020E] Iran K003904536 Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [605] Afghanistan K003904580 Yes
Bentham [43] France K003904159 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K003904165 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [1540] Iran K003904546 Yes
El-Oqlah, A.; Lahham, J.; Khudair, M. [9469] Jordan K000315628 Yes
Cowan, J.M.; Darlington, C.D. [1789] Iran K003904544 Yes
Tackholm, V.; El-Hadidi, M.N.; Lahham, J.; Boulos, L. [9078] Jordan K000315629 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] Pakistan K003904724 Yes
Sigee, D.C. [93] Maldives K003904731 Yes
Warren, R.C. [70] Iran K001562506 Yes
Zhudova, P.P. [s.n.] Russia K003904636 Yes
Pichler, T. [s.n.] Greece K003904184 Yes
Charif, G.; Aellen, P.; Aellen, Y. [1842] Iran K003904547 Yes
Jamin, P. [247] Egypt K000366621 Type Yes
Zuccarini [9] Greece K003904189 Yes
Meyer, F.N. [1000] China K003904656 Yes
Behboudi, E.; Aellen, P.; Aellen, Y. [1843] Iran K003904534 Yes
Fischer [s.n.] K000912434 Unknown Type Material Yes
Meyer, F.N. [610] K003904631 Yes
Porta; Rigo [393] Italy K003904169 Yes
Gandoger, M. [1438] K003904197 Yes
Sintenis, G. [59] Türkiye K003904502 Yes
Gibbons, R.B.; Gibbons, L. [574] Afghanistan K003904568 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Greece K003904185 Yes
s.coll. [848] K003904195 Yes
Ozwald, P.H. [125] Cyprus K003904507 Yes
Thomas [s.n.] K000912436 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000912430 Type Yes
Tedd, H.G. [607A] Greece K003904192 Yes
Services, H.T. [32] Iraq K003904520 No
Schrader [s.n.] France K000912443 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000912433 Unknown Type Material Yes
Furse, P. [7623] Afghanistan K003904572 Yes
Cosson, M. [s.n.] K000366625 Unknown Type Material Yes
Furse, P. [8353] Afghanistan K003904570 Yes
Zohary, M. [s.n.] West Bank K003904513 Yes
Gouan, A. [s.n.] K000912449 Type Yes
Davis [43850] Türkiye K003904501 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [5973] Spain K003904177 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003904194 Yes
Al-Eisawi, D. [4197] Jordan K003904516 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W1373] Iraq K003904521 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [1552] Iran K003904548 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [21] Jordan K000315635 Yes
de Heldreich [303] Greece K003904193 Yes
Gandoger, M. [1439] K003904196 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000912426 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gandoger, M. [s.n.] Algeria K003904617 Yes
Strauss, T. [1] Iran K003904551 Yes
Podlech, D. [19811] Afghanistan K003904585 Yes
Licent, A.E. [66] China K003904657 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K003904175 Yes
Rechinger, K.H.; Rechinger, F.; Aellen, P.; Esfandiari, E. [3949] Iran K003904554 Yes
Chevallier, L.P.D. [s.n.] Algeria K003904616 Yes
Guillon, A. [s.n.] France K003904157 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000912439 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hedge, I.; Wendelbo, P. [W4333] Afghanistan K003904576 Yes
Crookshank, H. [561] Pakistan K003904729 Yes
Rawi; Bharucha; Tikrity [29304] Iraq K003904528 Yes
Deyoe, C.F. [6] Afghanistan K003904575 Yes
Omar, S. [34485] Iraq K003904523 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [62] Jordan K000315634 Yes
Bornmuller, J. [4867] Iran K003904543 Yes
Heldreich; Grabmayr, V. [s.n.] Greece K003904186 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000912432 Unknown Type Material Yes
Appleton, H. [185] K003904634 Yes
Menoutcheri, A.; Aellen, P. [1844] Iran K003904531 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] West Bank K003904514 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [19787] K003904655 Yes
Figari [s.n.] Egypt K003904560 Yes
Manuchehri [8004] Iran K003904535 Yes
Wheeler Haines, R. [W376] Iraq K003904522 No
Hewer, T.F. [H3896] Iran K003904537 Yes
Rev. R. Iliff [14] Iran K003904538 Yes
Schrenk, A.G. [s.n.] K000912441 Unknown Type Material Yes
Karelin, G.S.; Kiriloff, I.P. [s.n.] K003904641 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [607] Greece K003904187 Yes
Sintenis, P. [1995] K003904650 Yes
Field, H.; Lazar, Y. [684] Syria K003904512 Yes
Fischer [s.n.] K000912437 Unknown Type Material Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rustan [763] Iraq K003904527 Yes
[illegible] [1281] K003904644 Yes
Hemsley, J. [1] Bahrain K003904558 Yes
Krassnow [s.n.] K003904643 Yes
Thiébaut [s.n.] France K003904163 Yes
Regel, A. [s.n.] K003904642 Yes
Soderstorm, T.R. [1483] Tunisia K003904619 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Al-Eisawi, D. [511] Jordan K000315627 Yes
s.coll. [6I57] Iran K003904530 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003904179 Yes
Aellen, P. [2038] Iran K003904550 Yes
Koie, M. [2179b] Afghanistan K003904574 Yes
de Heldreich [s.n.] Greece K003904191 Yes
Schrenk [s.n.] Kazakhstan K000912440 Unknown Type Material Yes
Collenette, J.S. [6201] Saudi Arabia K003904555 Yes
Hedge, I.; Wendelbo, P. [W3617] Afghanistan K003904581 Yes
s.coll. [6640] Afghanistan K003904577 Yes
Fleischer [s.n.] Türkiye K003904504 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [1029] Iran K003904545 Yes
[illegible] [1261] K003904651 Yes
Bunge, A.A. [s.n.] K000912404 Unknown Type Material Yes
Mandaville Jr, J.P. [515] Saudi Arabia K003904556 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Algeria K000366624 Type Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [27166] Iran K003904553 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000912444 Unknown Type Material Yes
Guest, E.R. [2438] Iraq K003904525 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [682] Iran K003904542 Yes
Aellen, P. [1859] Iran K003904540 Yes
Cope, T.A.; Al-Eisawi, D. [349] Jordan K003904517 Yes
Hemsley, J. [2] Bahrain K003904557 Yes
Koelz, W.N. [11472] Afghanistan K003904567 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K001089434 Unknown Type Material Yes
Blanc, A. [s.n.] France K003904162 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K003904172 Yes
Schrenk [s.n.] K000912438 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tedd, H.G. [607] Greece K003904190 Yes
Dinsmore, J.E. [11321] Syria K003904508 Yes
Karelin, G.S.; Kirilov, I.P. [2105] Kazakhstan K000912405 Unknown Type Material Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [17752] Afghanistan K003904561 Yes
Antonow, A. [s.n.] K003904649 Yes
Requien, E. [s.n.] France K000912445 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sintenis, P. [1281] K003904633 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003904154 Yes
Jacobs, M. [6805] Iran K003904539 Yes
Leresche, L. [s.n.] Spain K003904176 Yes
Strauss, T. [s.n.] Iran K003904549 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] K003904646 Yes
Aellen, P. [s.n.] France K003904166 Yes
s.coll. [6641] India K003904730 Yes
Rechinger, K.H.; Rechinger, F. [9672] Greece K003904183 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K000912406 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Iran K000912428 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000912442 Unknown Type Material Yes
Elliott, C.F. [s.n.] Pakistan K003904728 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [2790] Albania K003904182 Yes
Vasak, V. [s.n.] K003904638 Yes
Mabille, C. [298] France K003904160 Yes
Furse, P. [7764] Afghanistan K003904563 Yes
Hooker, J.D.; Hanbury, D. [s.n.] Syria K003904511 Yes
White, J.W.; Bucknall, C.; Salmon, C.E. [s.n.] France K003904156 Yes
Hedge, I.; Wendwlbo, P. [W5165] Afghanistan K003904573 Yes
Grey-Wilson, C.; Hewer, T.F. [1339] Afghanistan K003904569 Yes
Lowne, B.T. [s.n.] West Bank K003904515 Yes
Griffith [230] Afghanistan K003904562 No
Meyers, F.S.; Dinsmore, J.E. [5321] Jordan K003904518 Yes
Schmitt [197] K000366623 Type Yes
Cowan; Darlington [1769] Iran K003904532 Yes
Licent, A.E. [6479] China K003904658 Yes
Callier, A. [76r.] Türkiye K003904503 Yes
Ledebour, C.F. [s.n.] Russia K000912446 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dieterle, A. [1348] Afghanistan K003904583 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K003904167 Yes
Baldacci, A. [158] K003904181 Yes
Podlech, D. [18273] Afghanistan K003904584 Yes
s.coll. [6457] Uzbekistan K003904647 Yes
[illegible] [461] K003904648 Yes
Krascheninnikov, H. [5249] K003904654 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [36] Jordan K000315636 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [34244] Afghanistan K003904564 Yes
Rawi, A. [26918] Iraq K003904524 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15538] Jordan K000315630 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K003904171 Yes
[illegible] [769] K003904652 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003904153 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15535] Jordan K000315631 Yes
Bove, N. [9] Egypt K000912448 Unknown Type Material Yes
[illegible] [12] K003904645 Yes
[illegible] [769] K003904635 Yes
McNeill [303] Türkiye K003904500 Yes
Sommier, S. [s.n.] Italy K003904170 Yes
Sintenis, P. [1281] K003904628 Yes
s.coll. [54] France K000912447 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Western Asia K000912427 Unknown Type Material Yes
Huet, A. [s.n.] France K003904161 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [12633] K003904198 Yes
Sintenis, P. [315] K003904632 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003904152 Yes
Ellman, E.; Sandwith, N.Y. [1046] Spain K003904180 Yes
Groves, H. [s.n.] Italy K003904173 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Greece K003904188 Yes
Griffth [228] Afghanistan K003904582 Yes
{Kellner v. Koellenstein} [s.n.] Italy K003904174 Yes
B. [Npomononoba] [s.n.] K003904637 Yes
Bove, N. [s.n.] K000912435 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hennipman, E.; Nijhoff, P.; Swennen, C.; Tulp, A.S.; Vader, W.J.M. [1202] Turkmenistan K003904640 Yes
Charif, G.; Aellen, P.; Aellen, Y. [1830] Iran K003904533 Yes
s.coll. [5611] Iran K003904552 Yes
[C. Mabille] [298] France K003904164 Yes
de Bunge, A. [s.n.] Iran K003904541 Yes
Crookshank, H. [s.n.] Pakistan K003904723 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Algeria K003904614 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Turkmenistan K000912403 Unknown Type Material Yes
Furse, P. [7651] Afghanistan K003904571 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Algeria K000366622 Type Yes
Fernandez, C. [851058] K003904178 Yes
Guest, E. [2438] Iraq K003904526 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] Pakistan K003904725 Yes
s.coll. [150] Syria K003904509 Yes
Sintensis, P. [315] K003904629 Yes
Lowne, B.T. [s.n.] Syria K003904510 Yes
Gibbons, R.B.; Gibbons, L. [732] Afghanistan K003904566 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [346] Jordan K000315633 Yes
Istomina, G.G. [s.n.] K003904639 Yes
Aucher-Eloy, P.M.R. [5451] Azerbaijan K000912429 Unknown Type Material Yes
Crookshank, H. [164] Pakistan K003904726 Yes
Griffith [230] Afghanistan K001666698 No
Elman, E.; Sandwith, N.Y. [1046] Spain K003904168 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Algeria K003904613 Yes
Balansa, B. [s.n.] Algeria K003904615 Yes
Bharucha; Rawi; Tikrity [29305] Iraq K003904529 Yes
Enculescu, P. [s.n. ] Romania K003904155 Yes
Fleischer [s.n.] Türkiye K000912431 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nemsley, J. [s.n.] Jordan K000315632 Yes
Griffith [229] Afghanistan K003904578 Yes
Davis, P. [596] Morocco K003904618 Yes
Griffith, W. [231] Afghanistan Aeluropus korshinskyi K000912407 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

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    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images