Boraginaceae
Lithospermum

Lithospermum officinale L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Europe to Siberia and Himalaya. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Altay, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, China North-Central, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang

Introduced into:

Argentina South, Colombia, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Vermont, Wisconsin

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Ali, S.I. & Nasir, Y.J. (1989). Flora of West Pakistan 191: 1-200.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Chukavina, A.P. (ed.) (1984). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 7: 1-562. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 1-825. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Malyschev, L.I. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 11: 1-310. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Medina, A.A. & Prina, A.O. (2013). Lithospermum officinale, nuevo registro de Boragibaceae para Argentina. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 48: 331-333.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 1: 1-366. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Schischkin, B.K. & al. (eds.) (1954). Flora Turkmenii 6: 1-402. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tamanyan, K.G. (2011). Checklist of Boraginaceae Juss. family in Armenia. Takhtajania 1: 60-69.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1961). Flora Uzbekistana 5: 1-667. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 4: 1-482. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Chukavina, A.P. (ed.) (1984). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 7: 1-562. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 1-825. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hadinec, J. & Lustyk, P. (2009). Additions to the flora of the Czech Republic. VIII.. Zprávy Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 44: 185-319.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Malyschev, L.I. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 11: 1-310. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2012). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 13. Taxon 61: 889-902.
  • Medina, A.A. & Prina, A.O. (2013). Lithospermum officinale, nuevo registro de Boragibaceae para Argentina. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 48: 331-333.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Riedl, H. (1967). Flora Iranica 48: 1-281. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Schischkin, B.K. & al. (eds.) (1954). Flora Turkmenii 6: 1-402. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Tamanyan, K.G. (2011). Checklist of Boraginaceae Juss. family in Armenia. Takhtajania 1: 60-69.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1972). Flora Europaea 3: 1-370. Cambridge University Press.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1961). Flora Uzbekistana 5: 1-667. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1995). Flora of China 16: 1-479. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 21, 2023 Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Kirby, K.; Leitch, I.; Márquez-Corro, J.I. [MC9574] United Kingdom K001527205 Yes
Oldham, R. [753] Japan K005006526 Yes
Albrecht [s.n.] Japan K005006551 Yes
Cavalerie, J. [7331] China K005006528 Yes
Regel, A. [s.n.] K005006517 Yes
Schrenk [s.n.] K005006514 Yes
Licent, É. (Abbé) [980] China K005006521 Yes
James, H.E.M. [s.n.] China K005006552 Yes
Maximowicz [s.n.] Japan K005006524 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [795] China K005006539 Yes
Carles, W.R. [140] K005006537 Yes
Mameev [399] Russia K005006516 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan K005006531 Yes
Peter, A. [52304] Tanzania K001560362 Yes
Peter, A. [52301] Tanzania K001560348 Yes
Szovits [s.n.] K005006513 Yes
Faurie, U.J. [4335] Japan K005006530 Yes
Licent, É. (Abbé) [8116] K005006549 Yes
Salmon, C.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001085983 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sintenis, G. [294] Türkiye K005006515 Yes
s.coll. [1585] China K005006544 Yes
Mills, R.G. [10] Korea, South K005006547 Yes
Hancock, W. [s.n.] China K005006554 Yes
Chiao, C.Y. [2660] China K005006556 Yes
Licent, É. (Abbé) [4127] China K005006532 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005007271 No
Weidemann [s.n.] Türkiye K005006510 Yes
Oldham, R. [692] Japan K005006535 Yes
Wright, C. [s.n.] Japan K005006523 Yes
Sintenis, P. [866] Turkmenistan K005006518 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Korea, South K005006543 Yes
s.coll. [43] China K005006545 Yes
Hancock, W. [s.n.] China K005006553 Yes
Gibler [[66]] K005006509 Yes
Hancock, W. [28] China K001085982 Unknown Type Material Yes
Faurie [2524] Japan K005006536 Yes
Parker (Mr); Cubett, M. (Miss) [s.n.] K005007272 No
s.coll. [171] China K005006538 Yes
Guo, C. [1502049] China K005006519 Yes
Weidemann [s.n.] K005006511 Yes
Togasi, M.; Mitsuhashi [305] Japan K005006540 Yes
Bredemann, G.; Nieser, O. [36] Germany K005007269 No
Rock, J.F. [12356] China K005006520 Yes
Maximowicz [s.n.] K005006525 Yes
Wilford, C. [1028] Japan K005006522 Yes
Licent, É. (Abbé) [7588] China K005006548 Yes
[Mr. Birnie] [s.n.] K005006542 Yes
Soulié, J.A. [615] China K005006527 Yes
Takeda, H. [s.n.] Japan K005006533 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [3391] China K005006550 Yes
Takeda, H. [s.n.] Japan K005006534 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005006512 Yes
von Handel-Mazzetti, H.F. [11919] China K005006546 Yes
Henry [1145] China K005006541 Yes
s.coll. [[699]] K005006529 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0