Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H.Wendl.
First published in Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 103 (1860)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is SE. Nicaragua to S. Tropical America. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food and a medicine and for fuel and food.
Distribution
Native to:
Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Synonyms
Homotypic Synonyms
- Iriartea exorrhiza Mart. in Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 36 (1824)
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Iriartea durissima Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1858: 30 (1859)
- Iriartea exorrhiza var. elegans (H.Karst.) Drude in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 3(2): 539 (1882)
- Iriartea exorrhiza var. orbignyana (Blume ex Mart.) Drude in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 3(2): 540 (1882)
- Iriartea orbignyana Blume ex Mart. in Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 189 (1838)
- Iriartea philonotia Barb.Rodr. in Enum. Palm. Nov.: 13 (1875)
- Socratea albolineata Steyerm. in Fieldiana, Bot. 28(1): 9 (1951)
- Socratea durissima (Oerst.) H.Wendl. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 103 (1860)
- Socratea elegans H.Karst. in Linnaea 28: 264 (1857)
- Socratea gracilis Burret in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 1 (1940)
- Socratea hoppii Burret in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 232 (1931)
- Socratea macrochlamys Burret in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 918 (1930)
- Socratea orbignyana (Blume ex Mart.) H.Karst. in Linnaea 28: 264 (1857)
- Socratea philonotia (Barb.Rodr.) Benth. & Hook.f. in Gen. Pl. 3: 900 (1883)
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
- Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
- Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
- Lorenzi, H., Noblick, L.R., Kahn, F. & Ferreira, E. (2010). Brazilian Flora Arecaceae (Palms): 1-268. Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora LTDA, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Palmweb - Palms of the World Online
- Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
- Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Lorenzi, H., Noblick, L.R., Kahn, F. & Ferreira, E. (2010). Brazilian Flora Arecaceae (Palms): 1-268. Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora LTDA, São Paulo, Brazil.
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- Bernal R. y Galeano G. (eds.). (2013). Cosechar sin destruir - Aprovechamiento sostenible de palmas colombianas. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. 244 p.
- Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
- Castañeda, R.R. (1991). Frutas silvestres de Colombia. Instituto Colombiano de Cultura Hispánica.
- Cárdenas, D., & Ramírez, J. G. (2004). Plantas útiles y su incorporación a los sistemas productivos del departamento del Guaviare (Amazonia Colombiana). Caldasia, 26(1), 95-110.
- Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
- Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
- FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
- GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
- GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
- Garrido, A.M., Cámara-Leret, R., Madriñán, S. (2014). Nombres y usos de las plantas identificadas por los indígenas cubeo de Colombia (Tesis de pregrado). Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá.
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
- Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
- Palmweb (2021). Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. http://palmweb.org/node/2
- Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
- Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oct 13, 2004 | Pennington, T.D. [17125], Peru | K000208494 | No | ||
Apr 23, 2001 | Lister [308], Venezuela | K000520353 | No | ||
Jan 1, 1986 | Jansen-Jacobs, M.J. [340], Guyana | K000209466 | No | ||
Stannard [544], Venezuela | K000667828 | No | |||
Pennington, R.T. [139], Bolivia | 29047.706 | No | |||
Milliken, W. [M.515], Brazil | 54103.000 | No | |||
Milliken, W. [1866], Brazil | 59731.000 | No | |||
Rusby, H.H. [415], Venezuela | K000462938 | isotype | Yes | ||
Trail, J.W.H. [1053], Brazil | K000209463 | Yes | |||
Trail, J.W.H. [s.n.], Brazil | K000520354 | No | |||
Thurn [6], Guyana | K000209464 | No | |||
Panama | Socratea durissima | 29047.308 | No |
Sources
-
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible
- ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
- Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
IUCN Categories
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images
-
Palmweb - Palms of the World Online
- Palmweb 2011. Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. Published on the internet http://www.palmweb.org. Accessed on 21/04/2013
- Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- ColPlantA database
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0