Arecaceae
Socratea

Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H.Wendl.

First published in Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 103 (1860)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is SE. Nicaragua to S. Tropical America. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food and a medicine and for fuel and food.

Descriptions

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 1150 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena, Orinoquia, Pacífico, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Árbol, palma solitaria
Conservation
Preocupación Menor
[CPLC]

Distribution
Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Guiana Shield, Orinoquia, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–1150 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Guainía, Guaviare, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Risaralda, Santander, Valle del Cauca, Vaupés, Vichada.
Conservation
National Red List of Colombia (2021): LC.
Habit
Tree, Solitary palm.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, shrubland, native grassland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
Vernacular
Anaku tsatsavó (Cofán), Araco (Achagua), Arra sĩi (Emberá), Bonbon (Siona), Chuapo (Achagua), Crespa (Achagua), Dorida (Uitoto), Ebáñi maihóbariño (Cubeo)
[UPFC]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/67557265/67557268

Conservation
LC - least concern
[IUCN]

Distribution
Widespread in Central America and South America. In Ecuador it occurs in moist forest on both sides of the Andes, and is often quite common.
General Description
Canopy palm. Stem solitary, 10-20 m tall and 10-20 cm in diameter, supported at base by a few, thick, brown stilt roots with numerous short, white root spines. Leaves 1.5-3.5 m long; pinnae 15-25 on each side, longitudinally split into 2-18 unequal segments, these 40-90 cm long. Inflorescence axis 30-60 cm long; branches 5-20, to 40 cm long. Male flowers ca. 1 cm long, with 17-65 stamens. Female flowers ca. 5 mm long. Fruit elongate, 1.5-2.5 cm long, smooth.
[PW]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
araco, araque, cachuda zancona, choapo, chonta, chonta pambil, chuapo, crespa, gualte macho, guasaina, jira, jira patona, jira zancona, macanilla, maquenque patudo, pachúa zancona, pachuba pequeña, pachuda zancona, palma araco, palma araña, palma choapo, palma mulata, palma patona, palma ralladora, palma zancona, patona, patuda, pona lisa, ponilla, raíza, rallador, ralladora, raspador, yaripa zancona, zanca de araña, zancona
[UNAL]

Vernacular
Chonta, Igaicu (Muinane), Iguaajiu (Miraña), Poo-ko (Andoque), Zancona
[UPFC]

Uses

Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Fuel
Used for fuels.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Social
Social uses.
[UPFC]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Palmweb - Palms of the World Online

    • Palmweb 2011. Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. Published on the internet http://www.palmweb.org. Accessed on 21/04/2013
    • Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0