Meliaceae
Azadirachta

Azadirachta indica A.Juss.

First published in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 221 (1830 publ. 1831)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Assam to Indo-China. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food.

Descriptions

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61793521/61793525

Conservation
LC - least concern
[IUCN]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit
Evergreen tree usually less than 15 m high; crown rounded, spreading; bole straight; bark brown, rough and fissured
Morphology Leaves
Leaves up to 40 cm long; leaflets 8–18 pairs, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, strongly falcate, up to 9 x 3 cm, long-acuminate at the apex, very asymmetric at the base, with coarsely serrate margin, glabrous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence an axillary panicle up to 35 cm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx white
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla white
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Staminal tube pale cream flushed with purple
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit ellipsoid, 1.5–1.8 cm long, yellow.
Distribution
Commonly planted at least in C1, C2 and S2 native of India and Burma and widely planted in drier parts of Africa, Arabia and elsewhere, sometimes used in anti-desertification programmes.
Vernacular
Geed hindi, miri miri (Somali); neem (various).
[FSOM]

Distribution
Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Caribbean. Elevation range: 200–1300 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Atlántico, Caquetá, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Quindío, Sucre, Tolima.
Habit
Shrub, Small tree.
Conservation
IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, native grassland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
[UPFC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 200 - 1300 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Arbusto, arbolito
[CPLC]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
árbol de la vida, barbasco, barbato, min, neem, nim
[UNAL]

Uses

Use
A very useful plant. The wood is hard, red, durable and attractive, and is used for housebuilding, furniture and as a fuel. All parts of the plant have medicinal uses. A powerful insect-antifeedant, the limonoid azadirachtin occurs in this species and is used by man as an insecticide.
[FSOM]

Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Fuel
Used for fuels.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.
Use Social
Social uses.
[UPFC]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0