Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha

Jatropha curcas L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 1006 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Mexico to Tropical America. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Chile North, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Republic, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Mozambique, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, South China Sea, Southwest Caribbean, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuelan Antilles, Wallis-Futuna Is., Yemen, Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Buragohain, S. & Sarma, G.C. (2009). The exotic weeds of Guwahati, Assam and their role in employment generation. Pleione 3(1): 45-49.
  • Caminho, J., Mutemba, L., Matusse, E., Osborne, J., Wursten, B., Burrows, J., Cianciullo, S., Malatesta, L. & Attorre, F. (2022). An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants. PhytoKeys 189: 61-80.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Chakrabarty, T. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2009). The family Euphorbiaceae in Sikkim state, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 483-539.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dehgan, B. (2012). Flora Neotropica, Monograph 110: 1-273.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Evenhuis, N.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (eds.) (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Florence, J. (1997). Flore de la Polynésie Française 1: 1-393. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.
  • Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Linares, J.L. (2003 publ. 2005). Lista comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador. Ceiba; a Scientific and Technical Journal Published by Zamorano 44: 105-268.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Vikraman, R.R., Pandurangan, A.G. & Thulasidas, G. (2008). A study on the garden escaped exotics of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 765-781.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Zanotti, C.A. & Moroni, P.D. (eds.) (2024). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 10: 1-251. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • van Welzen, P.C. & Chayamarit, K. (2007). Flora of Thailand 8(2): 305-592. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1006 (1753).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Berhaut Fl. Sén. 128, 143.
  • Chev. Bot. 569
  • Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euph. 1: 77, fig. 30
  • —F.T.A. 6, 1: 791

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Bernal, R., Galeano, G., Rodríguez, A., Sarmiento, H. & Gutiérrez, M. (2017). Nombres comunes de las plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew's Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Berhaut, J. (1975). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 3: 1-634. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 3: 1-89. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Buragohain, S. & Sarma, G.C. (2009). The exotic weeds of Guwahati, Assam and their role in employment generation. Pleione 3(1): 45-49.
  • Caminho, J., Mutemba, L., Matusse, E., Osborne, J., Wursten, B., Burrows, J., Cianciullo, S., Malatesta, L. & Attorre, F. (2022). An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants. PhytoKeys 189: 61-80.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Chakrabarty, T. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2009). The family Euphorbiaceae in Sikkim state, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 483-539.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dehgan, B. (2012). Flora Neotropica, Monograph 110: 1-273.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Evenhuis, N.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (eds.) (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jaramillo Díaz, P. & Guézou, A. (2017). CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galápagos http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/vascular-plants/.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Linares, J.L. (2003 publ. 2005). Lista comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador. Ceiba; a Scientific and Technical Journal Published by Zamorano 44: 105-268.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Turner, I.M., Xing, F. & Corlett, R.T. (2000). An annotated check-list of the vascular plants of the South China Sea and its shores. The Raffles bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. 8: 23-116.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Zanotti, C.A. & Moroni, P.D. (eds.) (2024). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 10: 1-251. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • van Welzen, P.C. & Chayamarit, K. (2007). Flora of Thailand 8(2): 305-592. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A. Engler & O. Drude, Die Vegetation Der Erde, IX, Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3(2): 118 (1921).
  • A.D.Q. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers p. 218 (1974).
  • Chiovenda, Fl. Somala 2: 394 (1932).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 206 (1961).
  • F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 200 (1962).
  • Hutch. in Flora of Tropical Africa 6(1): 791 (1912).
  • J. Léonard, Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 8(1): 90 (1962).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 216 (1949).
  • Keay in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1(1): 397 (1958).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 1006 (1753).
  • Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 1080 (1866).
  • Pax in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147(1): 77, t. 30 (1910).
  • Pax in Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete, Theile C: 240 (1895).
  • Troupin, Fl. Rwanda 2: 228 (1983).
  • Verdcourt & Trump, Common Poisonous Plants of East Africa: 56 (1969).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Garrido, A.M., Cámara-Leret, R., Madriñán, S. (2014). Nombres y usos de las plantas identificadas por los indígenas cubeo de Colombia (Tesis de pregrado). Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá.
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mar 1, 2005 Mendoza, M. [291] Bolivia K000716417 Yes
Nov 16, 2000 Hoare, A.; Balang, J. [195] Malaysia K:SPC-71313.000 No
Jan 1, 1992 Miller, O.O.; Johnston, J.O. [237] Venezuela K001501281 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 André, E.F. [439] Colombia K000822835 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Hinton, G.B.; et al. [10362] Mexico K000813209 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Arnoldo, Frater. [576] AN K000822828 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Plowman, T. [2453] Peru K000822838 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Williams, R.S. [435] Bolivia K000822829 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Lehmann. [B.T.906] Colombia K000822834 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Ratter, J.A. [3553] Brazil K001210018 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Lister, J.R.A.; Colchester, M.E.M. [22] Venezuela K000822827 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Langalseé, E. [s.n.] Mexico K000813210 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Hinton, G.B.; et al. [9106] Mexico K000813211 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Beck, S.G. [17309] Bolivia K000822831 Yes
Aug 1, 1960 Shantz, H., L. [708] Congo, Republic of the K000254656 Yes
Jun 7, 1933 Lei, C., L. [720] China K000254617 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [1755] Sudan K000776517 Yes
Bryan Jr., E.H. [1095] Guam K003984638 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [6292] Mexico K001034931 Yes
[W.K.] [[1143]] Ghana K003984687 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003984944 Yes
Warnecke [358] Togo K003984689 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Laos K003984514 Yes
Arevalo, E. [357] Peru K000822839 Yes
Ayres, P.B. (Dr) [s.n.] Mauritius K003984758 Yes
Matuda, E. [2618] Mexico K000813206 Yes
s.coll. [2907] Malaysia K003984496 Yes
Meyer, R. [s.n.] Philippines K003984586 Yes
Gilbert, G. [9005] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984706 Yes
Chin, S.C. [3582] Indonesia K003984544 Yes
Hartley, T.G. [TGH10581] Papua New Guinea K003984603 Yes
Grimes, J. [1042] Indonesia K003984545 Yes
Michael Fay, J.; Doka, J. [s.n.] Central African Republic K003984718 Yes
Barbon; Romero; Fernando [PPI1778] Philippines K003984593 Yes
Faueken, H. [2419] K000776820 Yes
Burchell [1508] Brazil K001210017 Yes
s.coll. [16262] New Caledonia K003984612 Yes
Rr. Roxburgh [s.n.] India K003984468 Yes
Bertoni [2470] Argentina K004445062 Yes
Powell, D. [XI1353] Christmas Island K003984552 Yes
Hoare, A.; Balang, J. [195] Malaysia K003984558 Yes
Baron Eggers [923] Dominica K003984951 Yes
Chipp, T.F. [427] Ghana K003984686 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [RSNH24264] Vanuatu K003984615 Yes
Merrill, E.D. [2957] Philippines K003984588 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K003984682 Yes
Ranis Kungkai [114] Malaysia K003984555 Yes
[Gallothi] [s.n.] Mexico K003984888 Yes
Dibata [203] Gabon K003984713 Yes
Winit, K. [281] Thailand K003984505 Yes
Yapp, R.H. [360] Malaysia K003984498 Yes
Ash, J. [1077 sheet 1/2] Ethiopia K000776522 Yes
O'Conner, S. (Mrs) [25] Madagascar K003984753 Yes
Horne, J.M. [304] Seychelles K003984748 Yes
Dubs, B. [1926] Brazil K001210014 Yes
Henry, A. [8266X] China K004154965 Yes
Newbould, J.; Jefford, T.G. [2631] K000776816 Yes
[M.K. Ledua] [11069] Fiji K003984624 Yes
s.coll. [2637] India K003984482 No
Dius Tadong [228] Malaysia K003984561 Yes
Trethowan, L. [1246] Indonesia K001574769 Yes
Aedo, C.; Barberá, P.; Cabezas, F.; de la Estrella, M.; Fero, M.; Velayos, M. [11513] Equatorial Guinea K001581672 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [38] Sudan K000776516 Yes
Hornby, H.E. [424] K000776812 Yes
Robinson, C.B. [333] K003984546 Yes
Gaumer, G.F.; & sons [746] Mexico K003984885 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [6957] Mexico K001034932 Yes
Linder, D.H. [936] Liberia K003984684 Yes
Amin; et al. [SAN114115] Malaysia K003984556 Yes
Evrard, M.; [P.P Rhai] [2562] China K003984513 Yes
Tanner, R.E.S. [584] Tanzania K:SPC-05257.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] India K003984474 Yes
Mueller-Dombois, D.; Wirawan, N.; Cooray, R.G.; Balakrishnan, N. [69042902] Sri Lanka K003984492 Yes
Harrison, S.G.; Persaud, R. [1620] Guyana K:SPC-15812.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K004445075 Yes
Triana, J. [3651] Colombia K000822832 Yes
[Grevi] [[289]] K003984745 Yes
Combs, R. [100] Cuba K003984950 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [136] Sierra Leone K003984677 Yes
Stanley Gardiner, J. [s.n.] Seychelles K003984757 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Central African Republic K003984717 Yes
Lundell, C.L. [3695] Guatemala K003984891 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K003984485 Yes
Fendler, A. [1205] Venezuela K000822825 Yes
Grierson, A.J.C.; Long, D.G. [1464] Bhutan K003984470 Yes
Soakai, E. [755] Tonga K003984632 Yes
Merrill, E.D. [2714] Philippines K003984592 Yes
Kanai, H.; Murata, G.; Togashi, M. [3018] Sri Lanka K003984490 Yes
[F. C. Edwards] [s.n.] India K003984479 Yes
Keay, R.W.J. [FHI22873] Nigeria K003984695 Yes
Dius Tadong [47] Malaysia K003984553 Yes
Hostmann [632] Suriname K004445025 Yes
Wilson, E., H. [9907] K000254618 Yes
Spruce [967] Brazil K001210022 Yes
s.coll. [DPM1] Guyana K004445024 Yes
Lewalle, J. [2815] Burundi K003984716 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001210019 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Taiwan K004445071 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [36508] New Caledonia K003984613 Yes
Rr. Roxburgh [s.n.] India K003984469 Yes
Ortega, R. [332] Mexico K000813208 Yes
Lorence Lugas [207] Malaysia K003984560 Yes
Du Puy, B.D.; Du Puy, D.; Cheek, M. [MB458] Madagascar K003984751 Yes
Langdale-Brown, I. [2612] Guinea K003984676 Yes
De Jong, W. [86] Peru K001890165 No
[T. F. B.] [238] India K003984483 Yes
Meyer, F.G. [7987] Ethiopia K000776524 Yes
Kirk, J. [s.n.] Mozambique K000776962 No
Thomas, N.W. [10339] Sierra Leone K003984680 Yes
Putman, P.T.L. [M17] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984703 Yes
Greenwood, W. [WG355] Fiji K003984623 Yes
Price, W.R. [487] Taiwan K004154966 Yes
Newman, J.L. [96] Tanzania K000776817 Yes
Pedersen, T.M. [5295] Argentina K004445063 Yes
Andrieux, G. [113] Mexico K003984886 Yes
Curtiss, A.H. [451] K003984948 Yes
s.coll. [672] K004154961 Yes
Friis, I. [1927] Ethiopia K000776523 Yes
Poore, M.E.D. [606] Malaysia K003984499 Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [7017] Philippines K003984587 Yes
Andrews, C.W. [s.n.] Christmas Island K003984551 Yes
Gilbert, G. [9673] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984707 Yes
Shiu Ying Hu [8375] Hong Kong K004154971 Yes
Robinson, C.B. [s.n.] K003984547 Yes
Lehase, N.L. [3328] Zimbabwe K000776976 Yes
Edwards, J.B. [347] Honduras K003984895 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [8930] Kenya K000776800 Yes
Evans, M. [2045] K003984635 Yes
Sintenis, P. [4789] K003984953 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [s.n.] Haiti K003984946 Yes
Hildebrandt, J.M. [3006] Madagascar K003984744 Yes
Coode, M.J.E.; Duffels, J.P. [6105] Indonesia K003984549 Yes
Chapman, J., D. [2877 / 46166] Nigeria K000254642 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [16232] India K003984478 Yes
Crosby, C.S. [159] Tonga K003984630 Yes
Reekmans, M. [3937] Burundi K003984715 Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs) [2711] Seychelles K003984755 Yes
s.coll. [[RA54]] Malaysia K003984562 Yes
Greenway P.J.; Handajega, T.L. [10254] K000776809 Yes
Powell, D.A. [43] Christmas Island K003984550 Yes
Lau, S.K. [162] China K004154967 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K003984472 Yes
André, E.F. [K1636] K000822824 Yes
Steinbach, J. [6636] Bolivia K000822826 Yes
Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F.A. [17] Cameroon K003984710 Yes
Ash, J. [1077 sheet 2] Ethiopia K000776526 No
Vaughan, J.H. [1423] K000776819 Yes
Lei, C.I. [537] China K004154968 Yes
Jibrin Sibil [196] Malaysia K003984554 Yes
Pocs, T.; Murphy, P. [89047] Tanzania K000776818 Yes
Starr, F.; Starr, K.; Ely, B. [Starr-120717-01] United States K003984640 Yes
Ralimanana, H.; Hoffmann, P.; Ali Sifari, B. [257] Mayotte K003984759 Yes
Hoffmann, P.; Ralimanana, H. [370] Mayotte K003984761 Yes
Zappi, D.C.; Taylor, N.P. [2267] Brazil K000652814 No
Smith, H.H. [1473] Colombia K000822833 Yes
Henry, A. [10713] China K004154963 Yes
Ratter, J.A. [3953] Brazil K001210015 Yes
Balée, W.L. [819] Brazil K001210021 Yes
Harley, R.M. [9474] K000776815 Yes
Guile, D.P.M. [4711] Hong Kong K004154973 Yes
Shiu Ying Hu [12912] Hong Kong K004154972 Yes
Thomerson, A.C.B. [601] Ethiopia K000776525 Yes
Lykke A.M.; et al. [20] Senegal K000388036 Yes
Cope, T.; Murtland, R. [65] Yemen K004154954 Yes
Trapuell, G. [1256] Zimbabwe K000776970 Yes
[Moreague] [837] Jamaica K003984945 Yes
Bourne [623] India K003984486 Yes
Balasubramaniam, S. [1] Sri Lanka K003984491 Yes
Clarkson, J.R. [5062] Australia K003984607 Yes
Buchanan [250] Malawi K000776966 Yes
Hammel, B.; Cano, C. [19591] Costa Rica K003984889 Yes
Langley Kitching [s.n.] Madagascar K003984747 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Dawson, R.F.; Youse, H.R. [5610] Honduras K003984897 Yes
Koroiveibau, D. [10735] Fiji K003984625 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guinea-Bissau K003984681 Yes
Phillipson, P. [1725] Madagascar K003984750 Yes
Barbon; Garcia; Alvarez [PPI5515] Philippines K003984594 Yes
Holton, I.F. [855] Colombia K000822836 Yes
Miller, A.G.; Long, D.G. [3264] Yemen K004154956 Yes
Barnett, L.; Dorr, L.J. [267] Madagascar K003984752 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [8506] Kenya K000776803 Yes
s.coll. [66] India K003984481 Yes
Rich, H.H. [B255] India K003984473 Yes
Samuels, J.A. [331] Suriname K004445027 Yes
Hutchinson, P.C.; Wright, J.K. [3368] Peru K000822840 Yes
Mavi, S. [1423] Zimbabwe K000845209 Yes
Zollingero [481] Indonesia K003984543 Yes
Hassler, E. (Dr.) [3650] Paraguay K004445029 Yes
Harvey, W.H. [s.n.] Fiji K003984622 Yes
Smith, J.D. [s.n.] Guatemala K003984890 Yes
D.B.F. [4063] Zimbabwe K000776974 Yes
Hassler, E. (Dr.) [3650] Paraguay K004445028 Yes
Chase, N.L. [7601] Zimbabwe K000776977 Yes
Henry, A. [7995] China K004154964 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [16232] India K003984477 Yes
s.coll. [SAN65116] Malaysia K003984564 Yes
Cuadra, A. [A231] Malaysia K003984559 Yes
Dorr, L.J.; Barnett, L.C. [3608] Madagascar K003984754 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [12912] Hong Kong K004154970 Yes
Thomas, G.; Law [283] India K003984480 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [21249] India K003984476 Yes
Collenette, I.S. [5470] Saudi Arabia K004154955 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003984548 Yes
Froment, D. [319] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984705 Yes
Cuming [s.n.] Philippines K003984589 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Dawson, R.F.; Youse, H.R. [5557] Honduras K003984896 Yes
Sequeira, V. [6] Sao Tome and Principe K003984712 Yes
Laurence, E. [205] K000776968 Yes
Cuming, H. [687] Philippines K003984591 Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [5664] Philippines K003984590 Yes
Mathias, M.E.; Taylor, D. [3626] Peru K000822837 Yes
Burchell [8238-2] Brazil K001210020 Yes
[Jaray] [185] Thailand K003984508 Yes
Balick, M.J.; Dickson, J.; Henderson, A.; Tabora, P. [s.n.] Honduras K003984894 Yes
Menyhart. [925] Mozambique K000776963 Yes
Longman, H.A. [s.n.] K003984606 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K004445074 Yes
Cummins, S.A. [s.n.] Ghana K003984685 Yes
Hostmann [632] Suriname K004445026 Yes
Thomas, N.W. (Mr) [121] Nigeria K003984694 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [3774] Mali K000386631 Yes
s.coll. [194] China K003984497 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [12645] Hong Kong K004154969 Yes
Bang, A.M. [1558] Bolivia K000822830 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Thailand K003984510 Yes
Collins, E.E. [76] Thailand K003984511 Yes
Cooke, B.K. [68] Sudan K000776520 Yes
Lane-Poole, C.E. [259] Sierra Leone K003984679 Yes
Bolliger, R.F. [RFB018] Madagascar K003984743 Yes
Friis, I; Vollesen, K. [1090] Sudan K000776521 Yes
Lowe, J.L. [3338] Cameroon K003984711 Yes
Tanner, R.E.S. [584] K000776810 Yes
Saldanha, C.J. [13706] India K003984475 Yes
s.coll. [7616] India K003984471 Yes
Staner [1617] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984701 Yes
Phiri, R. [124] Zambia K000776975 Yes
Lewis, G.P.; Pearson, H.P.N. [1156] Brazil K:SPC-55985.000 No
Barber, C.A. [870] India K004007733 Yes
Matthew, K.M.; Rajendren, N. [RHT44568] India K003984488 Yes
Matuda, E. [2618] Mexico K000813207 Yes
Lloyd, F.E. [525] Dominica K003984949 Yes
Green, E.M.C. [2295] Mozambique K000776965 Yes
Seuesei, S.R. [1059] K000776814 Yes
Mogg, A.O.D. [31698] Mozambique K000776964 Yes
Merrill [s.n.] Philippines K003984595 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [879] India K003984489 Yes
Johnston, H.H.; Lourie. C. [46] K000776967 Yes
M. le Dr Paul Couderg [s.n.] China K003984512 Yes
Rodin, R.J. [664] Guam K003984637 Yes
Sintenis, P. [2223] K003984952 Yes
White, F. [2981] Zimbabwe K000776971 Yes
Dibata [203] Gabon K003984714 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Koepper, J.M.; Wagner, K.A. [8200] Honduras K003984898 Yes
White, F. [3468] Zimbabwe K000776972 Yes
Taton, A. [1410] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984704 Yes
Tonduz, A. [13979] K003984892 Yes
Whistler, W.A. [W2361] Samoa K003984633 Yes
Lorence Lugas [2619] Malaysia K003984563 Yes
Smifesay, N.D. [7180] Sudan K000776519 Yes
Haniff, M.; Md. Nur [4378] Thailand K003984507 Yes
Thomas, N.W. (Mr) [324] Nigeria K003984693 Yes
Greve, M. [216] Madagascar K000254875 Yes
Zollingero [481] Indonesia K003984542 Yes
Jusimin Duaneh [304] Malaysia K003984557 Yes
Dent Young, J. [226] Nigeria K003984696 Yes
Lawrence, E. [205] Malawi K000776969 Yes
Glaziou, A. [8923] Brazil K001210016 Yes
s.coll. [[303]] Zimbabwe K003984741 Yes
Dale, I.R. [3435] Kenya K000776801 Yes
Christophersen, E. [227] Samoa K003984631 Yes
Barthelat, F.; Sifary, A.B. [241] Mayotte K003984760 Yes
Carvalho, M.F.; Fernandez Casas, J. [3136-1] Equatorial Guinea K003984709 Yes
Barber, C.A. [6907] India K003984484 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Thailand K003984509 Yes
Maun [169] Equatorial Guinea K003984708 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya K000776806 Yes
Tsang, Wai-Tak [23/15522] K000254619 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [1573] Kenya K000776802 Yes
Marcan, A. [529] Thailand K003984506 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004445076 Yes
Talbot, P.A. (Mr & Mrs) [s.n.] Nigeria K003984692 Yes
s.c. [182] Kenya K000776805 Yes
White, F. [3478] Zimbabwe K000776973 Yes
Herrera, G. [7200] Costa Rica K003984893 Yes
[H.E. G. Robinson] [305] K000676595 Yes
s.coll. [13979] New Caledonia K003984611 Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs) [2626] Seychelles K003984756 Yes
Koritscherien, H. [1690] K000776811 Yes
Persaud, R. [1620] Guyana K004445023 Yes
s.coll. [579] Madagascar K003984746 Yes
Staner [1617] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K003984702 Yes
Coode [6105] Indonesia K:SPC-55472.000 No
Curry, P. [721] Vanuatu K003984616 Yes
Bhargawa, N.; Nooteboom, H.P.; Kramer, K.U.; Nair, G.B. [BSIANC6455] India K003984467 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003984636 Yes
s.c. [2684] K000776813 Yes
Perumal, P. [RHT23532] India K003984487 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K003984678 Yes
Bullock, A.A. [3931] K000776808 Yes
André, E.F. [439] K000822835 Yes
Holton, I.F. [855] K000822836 Yes
n/a K001378558 Yes
n/a K001501280 Yes

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