Cystopteris fragilis subsp. fragilis

This subspecies is accepted
The native range of this subspecies is N. & Central America, Eurasia to Africa, SE. Australia. It is a perennial or lithophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central European Russia, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colorado, Comoros, Connecticut, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Free State, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Gulf of Guinea Is., Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Madagascar, Magadan, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northern Provinces, Northwest European Russia, Northwest Territories, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, NW. Balkan Pen., Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Québec, Romania, Réunion, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South Dakota, Spain, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Tuva, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutiya, Yemen, Yukon

Introduced into:

Chatham Is.

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & Kandel, D.R. (2019). Ferns and Fern-Allies of Nepal 2: 1-446. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Department of Plant Resources.
  • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & Parris, B.S. (2020). Pteridophytes of Turkey - A revised check-list and their relationship to Europe and the West Himalaya. Indian Journal of Forestry 43: 263-284.
  • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Shah, S.N. & Ullah, A. (2023). Ferns of Swat Revisited: 1-260. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
  • Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) (2000). Flora of Siberia 1: 1-189. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
  • Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Barkalov, V.Y. (ed.) (1991). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 5: 1-388. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) (2000). Flora of Siberia 1: 1-189. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.

Sources

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images