Asteraceae
Ambrosia

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 988 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Subarctic America to U.S.A. It is an annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has social uses, as a poison and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Amur, Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Egypt, France, Free State, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Madeira, Magadan, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Morocco, Netherlands, New South Wales, Newfoundland, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Queensland, Romania, Sakhalin, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Australia, Yugoslavia, Zambia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2013). https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/V38fC5Rg7SM7AW8CzfGZW. epublication.
  • (2022). https://doi.org/10.5209/mbot.73688. epublication.
  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Benedi, C. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora Iberica 16(III): 1453-2353. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Caminho, J., Mutemba, L., Matusse, E., Osborne, J., Wursten, B., Burrows, J., Cianciullo, S., Malatesta, L. & Attorre, F. (2022). An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants. PhytoKeys 189: 61-80.
  • Flora of China Editorial Committee (1988-2013). Checklist & Addendum. Flora of China Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Asteraceae. Flora of North America North of Mexico 21: 1-616. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1992). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 6: 1-428. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) (2007). Flora of Siberia 13: 1-499. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
  • Malyschev, L.I., Peshkova, G.A. & Baikov, K.S. (eds.) (2007). Flora of Siberia 14: 1-210. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 1: 1-366. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Ri͡abinina, Z.N. & Kni͡azev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
  • Singh, N.P. & al. (eds.) (2002). Flora of Mizoram 1: 1-845. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, ed. 2: 1-610. CNRS Publication.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Asteraceae. Flora of China 20-21: 1-992. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2013). https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/V38fC5Rg7SM7AW8CzfGZW. epublication.
  • (2020). http://botsad.ru/media/aux/bp/BP_2020_9_1_vinogradova.pdf. epublication.
  • (2022). https://doi.org/10.5209/mbot.73688. epublication.
  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Benedi, C. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora Iberica 16(III): 1453-2353. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Flora of China Editorial Committee (1988-2013). Checklist & Addendum. Flora of China Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Asteraceae. Flora of North America North of Mexico 21: 1-616. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1992). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 6: 1-428. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) (2007). Flora of Siberia 13: 1-499. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Malyschev, L.I., Peshkova, G.A. & Baikov, K.S. (eds.) (2007). Flora of Siberia 14: 1-210. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador https://newfoundland-labradorflora.ca/checklist/.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 1: 1-366. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Ri͡abinina, Z.N. & Kni͡azev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
  • Singh, N.P. & al. (eds.) (2002). Flora of Mizoram 1: 1-845. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, ed. 2: 1-610. CNRS Publication.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Germán Torres-Morales (Originador, Editor), Laura Nova (Originador), Jhon Estupián (Editor), Lina García (Contacto del recurso). Lista de especies de plantas y murciélagos de la cuenca del río Claro, Antioquia. 2746 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_rioclaro_faunaflora_201
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 1, 2012 Gardner, G. [5526] Brazil K000895502 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gouan [s.n.] K001031193 Yes
{Drummond} [s.n.] United States K002902811 Yes
Ward, C.J. [6854] South Africa K002902704 Yes
Drummond, T. [s.n.] Canada K002902781 Yes
Drummond, T.; Douglas, D. [312] Canada K002902780 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902406 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902400 Yes
Hooker [s.n.] Canada K002902784 Yes
Poeppig [s.n. ] Cuba K002903113 Yes
Hale, J. [s.n.] Canada K002902779 Yes
[Prater] [132] Jamaica K002903118 Yes
Hilliard, O.M. [4979] South Africa K002902699 Yes
Golopencza; Schneider, C.K. [1281] Hungary K002902427 Yes
Drummond, T. [s.n.] Canada K002902789 Yes
Dancer, T. [s.n.] Jamaica K002903119 Yes
Strey, R.G. [10029] South Africa K002902702 Yes
{Drummond} [160] United States K002902822 Yes
s.coll. [3074] United States K002902774 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United States K002902817 Yes
Hinds, R.B. [s.n.] K002903107 Yes
Hassler, E. [1259] Paraguay K002903168 Yes
Fijalkowski, D. [347] Poland K002902430 Yes
Rousseau, J. [35332] Canada K002902797 Yes
Warren, E.M. [s.n.] Canada K002902793 Yes
Wright [s.n.] Jamaica K002903117 Yes
Lindheimer, F.J. [858] United States K002902823 Yes
Lowe, C.W. [s.n.] Canada K002902796 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001058997 Yes
Spruce, R. [417] Brazil K001058998 Yes
[J. E. Harshy]; Woodhead, J.E.; Dandy, J.E.; Kent, D.H. [7490] United Kingdom K002902412 Yes
Collins, F.S. [299] Bermuda K002902829 Yes
Macoun, M.A. [669] Canada K002902798 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902399 Yes
Biedel [s.n.] Brazil K000895501 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bartlett, H.H. [1423] United States K002902806 Yes
Lubliner-Mianowska, K. [s.n.] Poland K002902431 Yes
Fredholm, A. [6341] United States K002902804 Yes
Harris, E.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902417 Yes
Grignon, I. [1152] Canada K002902786 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902420 Yes
Watt, B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902408 Yes
Schweinitz, L.D. [s.n. ] Canada K002902772 Yes
Tweedie [s.n.] Brazil K001031192 Yes
DeRuyoer [347] Belgium K002902421 Yes
McCallum-Webster, M. [2070] United Kingdom K002902409 Yes
Kramer, K.U. [577] Netherlands K002902429 Yes
[K. Pickmere] [A 4] New Zealand K002902604 Yes
Spalding [s.n.] United States K002902778 Yes
[Vomdevelde] [s.n.] Belgium K002902422 Yes
Hassler, E. [1594] Paraguay K002903167 Yes
Bell, C.R. [14110] United States K002902815 Yes
Burle [s.n.] Canada K002902771 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Lack, H.W. [20392] Hungary K002902426 Yes
Medlin, L.T. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902390 Yes
C.R.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902402 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902391 Yes
Scoggan, H.J. [4517] Canada K002902795 Yes
Fernald, M.L. [2898] United States K002902813 Yes
[B. S. Goodham] [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902411 Yes
Eastwood, A. [132] United States K002902794 Yes
Abb. Boullu [1739] France K002902423 Yes
Berlandier, J.L. [3039] Mexico K001306362 No
Kent, D.H. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902395 Yes
Geyer, C.A. [551] United States K002902764 Yes
Franks, M.; Medley Wood, J. [11660] South Africa K002902697 Yes
Schweinitz [s.n.] Canada K002902783 Yes
Brown, S.; Britton, N.L. [73] Bermuda K002902827 Yes
Huller, T. [3] Canada K002902792 Yes
Castellanos, A. [23474] Brazil K001031197 Yes
Ule, E. [5407] Brazil K001031190 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Canada K002902769 Yes
Sintenis, P. [1966] Puerto Rico K002903120 Yes
Strey, R.G. [9534] South Africa K002902705 Yes
Summers, L.A. [472] United States K002902802 Yes
Trail, J.W.H. [4780] Brazil K001031191 Yes
Fernald, M.L. [2897] United States K002902814 Yes
Brace [501] Bahamas, The K002903110 Yes
Barclay [s.n.] Canada K002902765 Yes
Glaziou [4031] Brazil K001031194 Yes
Gonan [s.n.] Canada K002902791 Yes
Trail, J.W.H. [478] Brazil K001058995 Yes
Bourgian [s.n.] Canada K002902801 Yes
Peter, R. [s.n.] United States K002902785 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [1448] United Kingdom K002902416 Yes
[suds] [92] United States K002902767 Yes
Lindheimer, F. [429] United States K002902825 Yes
Townsend, C.C.; Sandwith, N.Y. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902410 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Canada K002902773 Yes
Salisbury, E.J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902393 Yes
Allen, K.; Wise, R. [8362v97] United States K002902807 Yes
s.coll. [53] Bermuda K002902828 Yes
Hassler, E. [2664] Paraguay K002903165 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [19525] Canada K002902799 Yes
Volz [s.n.] United States K002902770 Yes
{Drummond} [152] United States K002902824 Yes
Harris [s.n.] Mexico K001306361 No
Sledge, W.A. [H2413 1933] United Kingdom K002902404 Yes
Hassler, E. [11518] Paraguay K002903164 Yes
Drummond, T. [s.n.] Canada K002902777 Yes
Short, C.W. [s.n. ] United States K002902808 Yes
Lindheimer, F.J. [859] United States K002902819 Yes
Roper, I.M. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902414 Yes
Browe, F.R. [143A] United States K002902818 Yes
Strey, R.G. [4563] South Africa K002902701 Yes
Clowes, B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902415 Yes
Baldwin, W.K.W. [5358] Canada K002902800 Yes
Short, C.W. [s.n.] Canada K002902776 Yes
Brace [509] Bahamas, The K002903109 Yes
Hassler, E. [5453] Paraguay K002903169 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Canada K002902768 Yes
Drummond, T. [160] Canada K002902788 Yes
Stearn, W.T. [[C 10]] United Kingdom K002902405 Yes
Green [H 1587 1928] United Kingdom K002902401 Yes
Schäffer, C. [s.n.] Sweden K002902432 Yes
Wilson, P. [8412] Bahamas, The K002903112 Yes
Anderson [s.n.] K002903108 Yes
Curtiss, A.H. [1404] United States K002902803 Yes
Douglas, D. [s.n.] Canada K002902782 Yes
Hoehne, W. [s.n.] Brazil K001031199 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002902790 Yes
s.coll. [205] Paraguay K002903166 Yes
Gay, J. [s.n.] K001031195 Yes
Hilliard, O.M. [5087] South Africa K002902695 Yes
Eiten, G. [7893] Brazil K001031200 Yes
Miers, J. [3711] Brazil K001031196 Yes
Acocks, J.P.H. [24194] South Africa K002902703 Yes
Vauthier [s.n.] Brazil K001031198 Yes
Scouler [s.n.] Canada K002902763 Yes
{Schweinitz} [s.n.] United States K002902821 Yes
Schweinitz, L.D. [s.n.] Canada K002902766 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001058996 Yes
Schuette, J.H. [s.n.] United States K002902826 Yes
Gordon-Gray, K.D. [s.n.] South Africa K002902696 Yes
Eggers [4395] Bahamas, The K002903111 Yes
Wells, M.J. [2073] South Africa K002902700 Yes
{Sartwell} [s.n.] United States K002902816 Yes
Taylor, P.G. [1167] United Kingdom K002902396 Yes
Pringle, C.G. [s.n.] Canada K002902787 Yes
Krüger, H. [4] Germany K002902425 Yes
{Drummond} [s.n.] United States K002902810 Yes
Horwood, A.R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902398 Yes
Pruski, J. [3964] United States K002902812 Yes
Heller, A.A. [s.n.] United States K002902820 Yes
[illegible] agency [3] New Zealand K002902605 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902413 Yes
Boros, A. [150] Hungary K002902428 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002902419 Yes
Gouan [s.n.] Haiti K001031420 Yes
Wilson, A.K. [H2252 1933 2] United Kingdom K002902403 Yes
Wm. Hildebrand [H22431935] United Kingdom K002902392 Yes
s.coll. [5688] United Kingdom K002902418 Yes
[Rurdie] [s.n.] Jamaica K002903116 Yes
Beckmann, K.L. [s.n.] Germany K002902424 Yes
Fredholm, A. [5476] United States K002902805 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Mexico K002903093 Yes
Drummond, T. [s.n.] Canada K002902775 Yes
Codd, L.E. [8240] South Africa K002902698 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [04/12] United Kingdom K002902397 Yes
Perkins, J.R. [1239] Jamaica Ambrosia monophylla K002903132 Yes
Zardini, E.M.; Tilleria, T. [35402] Paraguay Ambrosia elatior K002903170 Yes
Zardini, E.M.; Gamarra, R. [55464] Paraguay Ambrosia elatior K002903172 Yes
s.coll. [962] Ambrosia elatior K002902506 Yes
Geyer, C.A. [551] Ambrosia elatior K002902930 Yes
s.coll. [962] Ambrosia elatior K002902507 Yes
Woolston, A.L. [275] Paraguay Ambrosia elatior K002903173 Yes
Curtis, M.A. [s.n.] Ambrosia elatior K002902928 Yes
Hale, J. [s.n.] Ambrosia elatior K002902927 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Ambrosia elatior K002902929 Yes
Zardini, E.M.; Guerrero, L. [47675] Paraguay Ambrosia elatior K002903171 Yes
Schwein. [s.n.] Ambrosia elatior K002902931 Yes
Lindheimer, F. [430] United States Ambrosia glandulosa K001065903 Unknown Type Material Yes
Piper, C.V. [1837] United States Ambrosia diversifolia K002902900 Yes
s.coll. [784] Chile Ambrosia chilensis K000502182 Unknown Type Material Yes
Macrae [s.n.] Chile Ambrosia chilensis K000502181 Unknown Type Material Yes
Cuming, H. [784] Chile Ambrosia chilensis K000502180 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0