Chionochloa Zotov

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Morphology General Habit

Perennial. Culms erect (23/24), or geniculately ascending (1/24), or rambling (1/24); robust (1/2), or slender (1/2); 15-69-200 cm long. Culm-internodes elliptical in section (1/1). Ligule a fringe of hairs. Leaf-blades persistent (13), or deciduous at the ligule (9), or deciduous with part of sheath attached (5); aciculate (1), or filiform (4), or linear (20); herbaceous (2), or coriaceous (23); stiff (23), or firm (2). Leaf-blade midrib evident (1/1). Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous (3/3). Leaf-blade apex muticous (21), or pungent (4).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Bisexual (24), or gynodioecious (male, in this context, indicating the bisexual state) (1). Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open (21), or contracted (5). Spikelets solitary, or in pairs (1). Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Male inflorescence similar to female (1/1).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets comprising 0-1 basal sterile florets (1/1); 2 fertile florets (1), or 3 fertile florets (6), or 4 fertile florets (12), or 5 fertile florets (14), or 6 fertile florets (19), or 7 fertile florets (13), or 8 fertile florets (8), or 9 fertile florets (2); with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 6-13.54-20 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Rhachilla internodes glabrous, or pubescent (2). Floret callus brief (1), or evident (1), or elongated (23); pilose (10), or bearded (15).

Fertile

Spikelets comprising 0-1 basal sterile florets (1/1); 2 fertile florets (1), or 3 fertile florets (6), or 4 fertile florets (12), or 5 fertile florets (14), or 6 fertile florets (19), or 7 fertile florets (13), or 8 fertile florets (8), or 9 fertile florets (2); with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; 6-13.54-20 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Rhachilla internodes glabrous, or pubescent (2). Floret callus brief (1), or evident (1), or elongated (23); pilose (10), or bearded (15).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume

Glumes persistent; shorter than spikelet (23), or reaching apex of florets (2); thinner than fertile lemma (1), or similar to fertile lemma in texture (24). Lower glume lanceolate; 0.4-0.865-1 length of upper glume; hyaline (1), or membranous (23), or chartaceous (1); without keels; 1 -veined (17), or 2 -veined (13), or 3 -veined (21), or 4-5 -veined (5). Lower glume lateral veins absent (16), or obscure (12), or distinct (9). Lower glume surface smooth (21), or scabrous (4). Lower glume apex entire, or erose (1), or dentate (2); 2 -fid (2/2); emarginate (1), or truncate (1), or acute (24), or acuminate (1), or attenuate (1), or setaceously attenuate (6); muticous (24), or mucronate (3), or awned (2). Upper glume lanceolate; 0.8-1.396-2 length of adjacent fertile lemma; hyaline (1), or membranous (23), or chartaceous (1); without keels; 1 -veined (3), or 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined (10), or 4 -veined (9), or 5 -veined (21), or 6 -veined (9), or 7 -veined (10), or 8-9 -veined (1). Upper glume surface smooth (21), or scabrous (4). Upper glume apex entire, or erose (1), or dentate (2); 2 -fid (2/2); emarginate (1), or obtuse (1), or acute (24), or acuminate (2), or attenuate (2), or setaceously attenuate (7); muticous (24), or mucronate (3), or awned (2); 1 -awned (1/1).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets

Basal sterile florets barren (1/1); with palea (1/1). Fertile florets bisexual (24), or female (1). Fertile lemma elliptic; membranous; without keel; 5-6 -veined (1/24), or 7 -veined (24/24). Lemma midvein eciliate (9), or ciliolate (4), or ciliate (13). Lemma surface smooth (22), or scabrous (3); glabrous (20), or pubescent (2), or pilose (11); hairy on back (7/13), or between veins (6/13). Lemma margins ciliate. Lemma apex entire (1), or dentate (1), or lobed (24); 2 -fid; incised 0.1-0.365-0.5 of lemma length; acute (2/2), or setaceously attenuate (2/2); awned; 1 -awned (15), or 2 -awned (1), or 3 -awned (20). Principal lemma awn apical (1), or from a sinus; straight (1), or curved (8), or geniculate (16). Lateral lemma awns shorter than principal (20/20). Palea 1 length of lemma. Palea keels smooth (24), or scabrous (1); ciliolate. Palea surface glabrous (1), or pilose (24). Palea apex muticous (24), or with excurrent keel veins (1). Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Lodicules 2; membranous (24/24); glabrous (1), or ciliate (24). Anthers 2-3 (1/2).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Caryopsis with adherent pericarp. Embryo 0.33 length of caryopsis. Hilum linear; 0.5-0.54-0.66 length of caryopsis.

sex Male

Male inflorescence similar to female (1/1).

Distribution

Australasia.