Asteraceae
Bidens

Bidens tripartita L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 831 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Temp. Northern Hemisphere. It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Descriptions

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/168750/42337582

Conservation
LC - least concern
[IUCN]

Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. & Hind, D. J. N. (Eds). (2019). Flora of Iraq, Volume 6: Compositae.Kew Publishing

Morphology General Habit
Erect, branched, annual herb (30–)45–74(–100) cm tall, with ± multicellular hairy stems
Morphology Leaves
Leaves all cauline, lanceolate-ovate in outline, 2(–5)-lobed, up to (4–)8(–15) × 2 cm, segments lanceolate, dentate, or leaves consistently small (3 × 1 cm), petiolate, cuneate, acute, glabrescent above, sparsely multicellular-hairy  beneath,  with  minutely hispid, cartilaginous margins
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence solitary, pedunculate, terminal and axillary
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Capitulum
Capitula erect, 1–2 cm in diameter, subtended by about 6 foliaceous bracts; peduncle ± sparsely multicellular-hairy
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Involucre
Involucre 1–2 cm in diameter; outer phyllaries 10–40 × 2–10 mm, margins cartilaginous and hispid; inner phyllaries 9 × 3 mm, linear-lanceolate with narrow, scarious, entire margins
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Palea
Paleae linear-lanceolate, 8–9 mm long, striate with wide, scarious, minutely irregularly-toothed margins
Disc
Disc florets ± cylindrical, 4 mm long, lobes mm long; stamens included, anthers 1 mm long, sagittate; style slender
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Achenes 8 mm long excluding awns, 2 mm wide, margins retrorsely hairy; pappus of 2(–4) erect, retrorsely barbed awns 2 mm long.
Ecology
Usually near water by streams, ditches and river banks, in an irrigated Populus plantation; alt. 50–1150 m;
Phenology
flowering & fruiting: Jun.-Sept.
Distribution
Occasional (rather rare) in the lower forest zone, steppe and desert regions of Iraq. Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Iran, Caucasia, Afghanistan, Egypt, Arabia, India, China & Japan, throughout temperate Europe (including Macaronesia, Balearic Is. & Crimea), N Africa, SE Australia and N America.
Vernacular
The medicinal uses of this plant are described by Rawi & Chakravarty (1964); but the colloquial names QUNNAB MĀ (“water hemp”) and TÎL MĀ appear to be suggestions rather than records of names actually used in Iraq.
[FIQ]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Iraq

    • Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. (Eds). (2013-2019). Flora of Iraq, Volumes 5.1, 5.2 and 6.0. Kew Publishing
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images