- Family:
- Poaceae Barnhart
Phleum L.

[GB]
nonem
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual (9), or perennial (6). Rhizomes absent (11), or short (2), or elongated (2). Culms erect (12), or geniculately ascending (9), or decumbent (1); 1-30.96-150 cm long; rooting from lower nodes (1/1). Lateral branches lacking (3/3), or sparse (1/3). Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades stiff (1), or firm (13), or flaccid (1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle; subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (12), or an inflated leaf-sheath (5); exserted (14), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (1). Panicle spiciform. Spikelets spreading (1/1), or deflexed (1/1); solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels oblong (12/12).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (12), or with a barren rhachilla extension (3). Spikelets lanceolate (4), or elliptic (5), or oblong (8), or ovate (1), or obovate (1), or cuneate (2); laterally compressed; symmetrical (14), or gibbous (1); 1.5-3.229-5 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (12), or with a barren rhachilla extension (3). Spikelets lanceolate (4), or elliptic (5), or oblong (8), or ovate (1), or obovate (1), or cuneate (2); laterally compressed; symmetrical (14), or gibbous (1); 1.5-3.229-5 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes persistent; shorter than spikelet (1), or exceeding apex of florets (14); parallel to lemmas (12), or recurved at apex (2), or gaping (1). Lower glume elliptic (4), or oblong (10), or obovate (1), or cuneate (1); 0.7-0.9867-1 length of upper glume; membranous (13), or coriaceous (2); 1-keeled; wingless (14), or winged on keel (1); 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins without ribs (13), or ribbed (2). Lower glume surface smooth (11), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (3); glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (2), or pilose (1). Lower glume apex truncate (6), or obtuse (1), or acute (2), or acuminate (6); muticous (2), or mucronate (3), or awned (10). Upper glume elliptic (4), or oblong (10), or obovate (1), or cuneate (1); 0.8-1.848-4 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (13), or coriaceous (2); with undifferentiated margins (10), or hyaline margins (4), or membranous margins (1); 1-keeled; 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined. Upper glume primary vein eciliate (4), or ciliolate (1), or ciliate (8), or pectinately ciliate (3). Upper glume lateral veins without ribs (13), or ribbed (2). Upper glume surface smooth (11), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (3); glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (2), or pilose (1). Upper glume apex truncate (6), or obtuse (1), or acute (2), or acuminate (6); muticous (2), or mucronate (3), or awned (10); 1 -awned (10/10).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Fertile lemma oblong (8), or ovate (7); membranous (14), or coriaceous (1); without keel (14), or keeled (1); 1 -veined (1), or 3-4 -veined (1), or 5 -veined (14), or 6-7 -veined (3). Lemma surface glabrous (3), or puberulous (7), or pubescent (6); hairy on back (11/13), or on veins (2/13); with simple hairs (10/13), or clavate hairs (3/13). Lemma apex truncate (4), or obtuse (10), or rostrate (1); muticous (14), or awned (1); 1 -awned (1/1). Palea 0.6-0.95-1 length of lemma. Palea surface glabrous (14), or pubescent (1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Lodicules 2; membranous. Anthers 2 (1), or 3 (14). Ovary glabrous.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; ellipsoid (1/2), or ovoid (1/2); isodiametric (1/2), or dorsally compressed (1/2). Hilum punctiform.
- Distribution
- Europe (11), or Africa (4), or Temperate Asia (14), or Tropical Asia (4), or Australasia (3), or Pacific (1), or North America (2), or South America (2), or Antarctica (2).
Doubtfully present in:
Sinai
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Austria, Azores, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colorado, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Maine, Manchuria, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Newfoundland, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Québec, Romania, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Dakota, South European Russi, South Georgia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon
Introduced into:
Alabama, Amur, Antipodean Is., Arkansas, Bermuda, Brazil South, Chatham Is., Connecticut, Crozet Is., Delaware, District of Columbia, Egypt, Falkland Is., Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Kerguelen, Khabarovsk, Louisiana, Magadan, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Southwest, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Rhode I., Sakhalin, South Australia, South Carolina, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Wisconsin
- Phleum alpinum L.
- Phleum arenarium L.
- Phleum bertolonii DC.
- Phleum boissieri Bornm.
- Phleum × brueggeri K.Richt.
- Phleum crypsoides (d'Urv.) Hack.
- Phleum echinatum Host
- Phleum exaratum Griseb.
- Phleum himalaicum Mez
- Phleum hirsutum Honck.
- Phleum iranicum Bornm. & Gauba
- Phleum montanum K.Koch
- Phleum paniculatum Huds.
- Phleum phleoides (L.) H.Karst.
- Phleum pratense L.
- Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn.
- Phleum × viniklarii Röhl.
Phleum L. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Sp. Pl.: 59 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6 Scientific Data 8: 215.
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GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Science Photographs
Copyright applied to individual images