Family:
Poaceae Barnhart

Phleum L.

This genus is accepted, and is found in Asia-Tropical, Europe, Africa, South Georgia, South America, North America and Asia-Temperate.

[GB]

nonem

Morphology General Habit
Annual (9), or perennial (6). Rhizomes absent (11), or short (2), or elongated (2). Culms erect (12), or geniculately ascending (9), or decumbent (1); 1-30.96-150 cm long; rooting from lower nodes (1/1). Lateral branches lacking (3/3), or sparse (1/3). Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades stiff (1), or firm (13), or flaccid (1).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence a panicle; subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (12), or an inflated leaf-sheath (5); exserted (14), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (1). Panicle spiciform. Spikelets spreading (1/1), or deflexed (1/1); solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels oblong (12/12).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (12), or with a barren rhachilla extension (3). Spikelets lanceolate (4), or elliptic (5), or oblong (8), or ovate (1), or obovate (1), or cuneate (2); laterally compressed; symmetrical (14), or gibbous (1); 1.5-3.229-5 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
Fertile
Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (12), or with a barren rhachilla extension (3). Spikelets lanceolate (4), or elliptic (5), or oblong (8), or ovate (1), or obovate (1), or cuneate (2); laterally compressed; symmetrical (14), or gibbous (1); 1.5-3.229-5 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
Glumes persistent; shorter than spikelet (1), or exceeding apex of florets (14); parallel to lemmas (12), or recurved at apex (2), or gaping (1). Lower glume elliptic (4), or oblong (10), or obovate (1), or cuneate (1); 0.7-0.9867-1 length of upper glume; membranous (13), or coriaceous (2); 1-keeled; wingless (14), or winged on keel (1); 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins without ribs (13), or ribbed (2). Lower glume surface smooth (11), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (3); glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (2), or pilose (1). Lower glume apex truncate (6), or obtuse (1), or acute (2), or acuminate (6); muticous (2), or mucronate (3), or awned (10). Upper glume elliptic (4), or oblong (10), or obovate (1), or cuneate (1); 0.8-1.848-4 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (13), or coriaceous (2); with undifferentiated margins (10), or hyaline margins (4), or membranous margins (1); 1-keeled; 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined. Upper glume primary vein eciliate (4), or ciliolate (1), or ciliate (8), or pectinately ciliate (3). Upper glume lateral veins without ribs (13), or ribbed (2). Upper glume surface smooth (11), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (3); glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (2), or pilose (1). Upper glume apex truncate (6), or obtuse (1), or acute (2), or acuminate (6); muticous (2), or mucronate (3), or awned (10); 1 -awned (10/10).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
Fertile lemma oblong (8), or ovate (7); membranous (14), or coriaceous (1); without keel (14), or keeled (1); 1 -veined (1), or 3-4 -veined (1), or 5 -veined (14), or 6-7 -veined (3). Lemma surface glabrous (3), or puberulous (7), or pubescent (6); hairy on back (11/13), or on veins (2/13); with simple hairs (10/13), or clavate hairs (3/13). Lemma apex truncate (4), or obtuse (10), or rostrate (1); muticous (14), or awned (1); 1 -awned (1/1). Palea 0.6-0.95-1 length of lemma. Palea surface glabrous (14), or pubescent (1).
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Lodicules 2; membranous. Anthers 2 (1), or 3 (14). Ovary glabrous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; ellipsoid (1/2), or ovoid (1/2); isodiametric (1/2), or dorsally compressed (1/2). Hilum punctiform.
Distribution
Europe (11), or Africa (4), or Temperate Asia (14), or Tropical Asia (4), or Australasia (3), or Pacific (1), or North America (2), or South America (2), or Antarctica (2).

Doubtfully present in:

Sinai

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Austria, Azores, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colorado, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Maine, Manchuria, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Newfoundland, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Québec, Romania, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Dakota, South European Russi, South Georgia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon

Introduced into:

Alabama, Amur, Antipodean Is., Arkansas, Bermuda, Brazil South, Chatham Is., Connecticut, Crozet Is., Delaware, District of Columbia, Egypt, Falkland Is., Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Kerguelen, Khabarovsk, Louisiana, Magadan, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Southwest, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Rhode I., Sakhalin, South Australia, South Carolina, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Wisconsin

Phleum L. appears in other Kew resources:

First published in Sp. Pl.: 59 (1753)

Accepted by

  • Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6 Scientific Data 8: 215.

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    Copyright applied to individual images