Phleum L.

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Morphology General Habit

Annual (9), or perennial (6). Rhizomes absent (11), or short (2), or elongated (2). Culms erect (12), or geniculately ascending (9), or decumbent (1); 1-30.96-150 cm long; rooting from lower nodes (1/1). Lateral branches lacking (3/3), or sparse (1/3). Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades stiff (1), or firm (13), or flaccid (1).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence a panicle; subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (12), or an inflated leaf-sheath (5); exserted (14), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (1). Panicle spiciform. Spikelets spreading (1/1), or deflexed (1/1); solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels oblong (12/12).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (12), or with a barren rhachilla extension (3). Spikelets lanceolate (4), or elliptic (5), or oblong (8), or ovate (1), or obovate (1), or cuneate (2); laterally compressed; symmetrical (14), or gibbous (1); 1.5-3.229-5 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.

Fertile

Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (12), or with a barren rhachilla extension (3). Spikelets lanceolate (4), or elliptic (5), or oblong (8), or ovate (1), or obovate (1), or cuneate (2); laterally compressed; symmetrical (14), or gibbous (1); 1.5-3.229-5 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume

Glumes persistent; shorter than spikelet (1), or exceeding apex of florets (14); parallel to lemmas (12), or recurved at apex (2), or gaping (1). Lower glume elliptic (4), or oblong (10), or obovate (1), or cuneate (1); 0.7-0.9867-1 length of upper glume; membranous (13), or coriaceous (2); 1-keeled; wingless (14), or winged on keel (1); 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins without ribs (13), or ribbed (2). Lower glume surface smooth (11), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (3); glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (2), or pilose (1). Lower glume apex truncate (6), or obtuse (1), or acute (2), or acuminate (6); muticous (2), or mucronate (3), or awned (10). Upper glume elliptic (4), or oblong (10), or obovate (1), or cuneate (1); 0.8-1.848-4 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (13), or coriaceous (2); with undifferentiated margins (10), or hyaline margins (4), or membranous margins (1); 1-keeled; 2 -veined (1), or 3 -veined. Upper glume primary vein eciliate (4), or ciliolate (1), or ciliate (8), or pectinately ciliate (3). Upper glume lateral veins without ribs (13), or ribbed (2). Upper glume surface smooth (11), or asperulous (1), or scabrous (3); glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (2), or pilose (1). Upper glume apex truncate (6), or obtuse (1), or acute (2), or acuminate (6); muticous (2), or mucronate (3), or awned (10); 1 -awned (10/10).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets

Fertile lemma oblong (8), or ovate (7); membranous (14), or coriaceous (1); without keel (14), or keeled (1); 1 -veined (1), or 3-4 -veined (1), or 5 -veined (14), or 6-7 -veined (3). Lemma surface glabrous (3), or puberulous (7), or pubescent (6); hairy on back (11/13), or on veins (2/13); with simple hairs (10/13), or clavate hairs (3/13). Lemma apex truncate (4), or obtuse (10), or rostrate (1); muticous (14), or awned (1); 1 -awned (1/1). Palea 0.6-0.95-1 length of lemma. Palea surface glabrous (14), or pubescent (1).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Lodicules 2; membranous. Anthers 2 (1), or 3 (14). Ovary glabrous.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; ellipsoid (1/2), or ovoid (1/2); isodiametric (1/2), or dorsally compressed (1/2). Hilum punctiform.

Distribution

Europe (11), or Africa (4), or Temperate Asia (14), or Tropical Asia (4), or Australasia (3), or Pacific (1), or North America (2), or South America (2), or Antarctica (2).