Asteraceae
Carduus

Carduus pycnocephalus L.

First published in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 1151 (1763)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Europe to W. Himalaya and Arabian Peninsula, N. Africa. It is an annual or biennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corse, Cyprus, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Greece, Gulf States, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, NW. Balkan Pen., Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya

Introduced into:

Alabama, Arkansas, California, Chatham Is., Ethiopia, Germany, Great Britain, Hawaii, Idaho, Madeira, Mexico Northwest, Mississippi, New South Wales, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Queensland, South Australia, South Carolina, Sri Lanka, Tasmania, Texas, Uruguay, Victoria, Western Australia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Ali, S.I. & Qaiser, M. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Pakistan 223: 1-363. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Dar, G.H. & Govaerts, R.H.A. (2025). Flora of Kashmir Himalaya: Sind Valley 2: 607-1262. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. (2015). Flora of Oman 3: 1-386. National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Flora of Iraq

  • Abdulridha, Taha & Wedad, Ecol. & Fl. Basra: 199 (2016).
  • Blakelock in Kew Bull. 4: 45 (1949)
  • Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 520 (1875)
  • Bornmȕller in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 266 (1939)
  • Boulos & Hind in Fl. Egypt 3: 149 (2002)
  • Davis in Fl. Turkey 5: 435 (1978)
  • Franco in Fl. Europ. 4: 251 (1976)
  • Guest in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 27: 19 (1933)
  • Handel-Mazzetti in Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 27: 44 (1913)
  • Kazmi in Mitt. bot. Staatssamml München 5: 444 (1964)
  • L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1153 (1763)
  • Rawi, Dep. Agr. Iraq Tech. Bull. 14: 45 (1964)
  • Rechinger, Fl. Lowland Iraq: 644 (1964)
  • Täckholm, Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2: 534 (1974)
  • Zohary in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 31: 153 (1950)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2013). https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/V38fC5Rg7SM7AW8CzfGZW. epublication.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
McCallum-Webster, M. [5212] United Kingdom K002036810 No
Tardent [s.n.] Romania K002036881 No
[MEE] [35] Spain K002036889 No
[ge. zarlef] [W/2665] United Kingdom K002036806 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Croatia K002036820 No
[illegible] [W2838] Spain K002036885 No
[Maoc] [s.n.] Türkiye K002036895 No
{Adamovic} [s.n.] Greece K002036879 No
Stainton, J.D.A. [7205] Greece K002036840 No
Baldacci, A.; {Julin] [s.n.] Greece K002036849 No
{Huter} [s.n.] Croatia K002036824 No
Porta [s.n.] Italy K002036869 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K002036890 No
Gandoger, M. [8256] Greece K002036855 No
[alt Gashim] [868] Sri Lanka K002008685 No
Bourne [6446] India K002008684 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002036860 No
Tedd, H.G. [2217] Greece K002036846 No
Garthside, S. [s.n.] France K002036829 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002036876 No
Sintenis, P. [412] Greece K002036844 No
Jennings [H1130] United Kingdom K002036807 No
Turner, L.V. [294] Greece K002036847 No
Pedersen, T.M. [7241] Argentina K002018579 No
Hu, S.Y.; Paul [22814] Hong Kong K002008635 No
Jordan [s.n.] France K002036833 No
s.n. [882] Spain K002036794 No
[Embourd] [s.n.] France K002036835 No
s.coll. [329] Malta K002036880 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002018608 No
Haune, S.M. [322] United States K002018568 No
Hepper, F.N. [9948] France K002036831 No
Ellman, E.; Sandwith, N.Y. [730] Spain K002036884 No
{Adamovic} [s.n.] Greece K002036878 No
Kazmi [62] Italy K002036877 No
Bago, B. [s.n.] Spain K002036888 No
[Lojacono] [s.n.] Italy K002036872 No
Boullu, A. [2868] France K002036838 Yes
Savi, P. [2868ter] Italy K001623072 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [s.n.] France K002036830 No
s.coll. [7] Greece K002036845 No
Murray, R.P. [38] Spain K001091170 No
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B3757] Greece K002036842 No
Lesina [s.n.] Italy K002036859 No
s.coll. [42407] Iraq K002008124 No
Gandoger, M. [s.n.] Türkiye K002036896 No
Pichler [s.n.] Croatia K002036822 No
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [8758] K002018330 No
Gandoger, M. [2551] Greece K002036857 No
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B3757] Greece K002036843 No
S.H. [s.n.] Greece K002036850 No
Ozanon, C.; Schultz, F. [510] France K002036827 No
{Noë} [1859] Italy K002036873 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002036836 No
Garthside, S. [s.n.] France K002036828 No
Hamid, H. [39104] Iraq K002008125 No
Campbell, W. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002036809 No
Pichler [s.n.] Croatia K002036823 No
Fiori, Adr.; Béguinot, A. [2182] Italy K002036868 No
Prescott [s.n.] Spain K002036883 No
Gay, J. [s.n.] France K002036826 No
Savi, P.; Schultz, F. [510] Italy K002036866 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002036862 No
Ingoldby, C.M. [172] Türkiye K002036893 No
Fayed, A. [137-S] Saudi Arabia K002008127 No
Townsend, C.C. [69/67] Greece K002036839 No
Townsend, C.C. [71/21] Greece K002036853 No
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [1869] Albania K002036816 No
Rechinger, K.H. [13403] Greece K002036852 No
Durham, F.R. [17] Türkiye K002036894 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Libya K002008128 No
Brenan, J.P.M. [544] France K002036837 No
Bourgeau, E. [860] Spain K001091111 No
Brenan, J.P.M. [5677] K002036911 No
Hepper, F.N. [4839] K002036812 No
Untchj, K.; Reineck, E.M. [s.n.] Italy K002036818 No
Bourne, A.G.; Bourne, E.T.; Schulze, B. [6378] India K002008683 No
S.H. [s.n.] Greece K002036851 No
Stephenson, T.; Phillips, E.M. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002036808 No
Willkomm, H.M.; Reverchon, E. [492] Spain K002036887 No
Reverchon, E. [s.n.] Greece K002036854 No
Wilson, A.K. [H.1543] United Kingdom K002036815 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002036863 No
[Brumats] [s.n.] Italy K002036865 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002036841 No
Pichler, T. [s.n.] Croatia K002036821 No
Tommasini [680] Germany K002036871 No
Ayasse, E. [s.n.] Switzerland K002036892 No
Curtis [s.n.] K002036898 No
Eyerdam, W.J.; Beetle, A.A. [23083] Argentina K002018580 No
Boulos, L.; Ibrahim, I.M. [17599] Kuwait K002008126 No
Angelo; Alexander, L. [s.n.] Italy K002036864 No
{Déséglise} [s.n.] Spain K002036891 No
Melville, R. [395.5] United Kingdom K002036813 No
Brummitt, R.K.; Ernst, W.R. [6005] Spain K002036886 No
Mann G. [2478] Spain K001091110 No
Untchj, K. [s.n.] Croatia K002036819 No
Ozanon [1346] France K002036825 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002036832 No
Ozanon, C.; Schultz, F. [510] France K002036834 No
Barclay, C. [3612] Greece K002036856 No
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [949] Greece K002036848 No
Reverchon, E. [223] Italy K002036875 No
Melville, R. [395.3] United Kingdom K002036811 No
Hepper, F.N. [8845] Kuwait K002008123 No
Vandas, K. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K002036817 No
Reverchon, E. [223] Italy K002036874 No
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002036814 No
Porta, P.; Rigo, [88] Spain K002036882 No
Rigo [s.n.] Italy K002036870 No
Sandwith, N.Y.; Simpson, N.D. [2219] Libya K002008474 No
Davis [1575] Greece K002036858 No
Savi, P.; Schultz, F. [510] Italy K002036867 No
[Ferests] [s.n.] Italy K002036861 No
s.coll. [39] K002036897 No

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Iraq

    • Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. (Eds). (2013-2019). Flora of Iraq, Volumes 5.1, 5.2 and 6.0. Kew Publishing
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images