Philodendron anisotomum Schott

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation

Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident

CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011. araceae.e-monocot.org

Phenology

Flowering in Philodendron anisotomum appears to be restricted to the rainy season in Central America. One collection was seen in May in flower but most are from the months of July through December (the latter month is sometimes the beginning of the dry season in parts of Middle America). Immature fruits were collected from December through July with mature fruits known only from March, April, and July.

Distribution

Mexico to Costa Rica. In Mexico, the species ranges from Nayarit to Oaxaca and Chiapas mostly along the Pacific coast but also occurs in Puebla (Ajenjibre) and Morelos (Cuernavaca). One collection, Moore & Bunting 8874, from near Córdoba in Veracruz state appears out of range for the species. Collections from Guatemala are few, but all are from the Pacific slope except one collection from Baja Verapaz between El Chol and Rabinal ( Croat & Hannon 63670). In Honduras and Costa Rica, the species is nearly restricted to the Pacific slope.

Habitat

In Costa Rica the species occurs in Premontane moist forest.

General Description

Usually a hemiepiphytic vine or sometimes on rocks; stem appressed-climbing, green as juvenile, graying with maturity, minutely and densely striate, sap watery, unscented, leaf scars conspicuous, 8--10 mm long, 7--9 mm wide; internodes smooth, semiglossy, to 2.5 cm long, 4--10 mm diam., usually longer than broad, medium green to olive-green, epidermis thin, tan, peeling; roots olive green, smooth, few per node; cataphylls thin, semispongy, to 10 cm long, unribbed, bluntly or sharply 1-ribbed, green, drying pale yellow-green, deciduous. LEAVES erect to spreading; petioles 21--57 cm long, (2)3--9 mm diam., terete, moderately spongy, whitish toward apex, slightly flattened toward apex adaxially, surface dark green striate at base; blades triangular in outline, deeply 3-lobed, subcoriaceous, moderately bicolorous, long-acuminate at apex (the acumen apiculate, to 3 mm long), hastate at base, 20--35 cm long, 20--42 cm wide (0.8--1 times longer than wide), (0.6--1 times the petiole length), upper surface dark green, semiglossy to glossy, drying dark brown to dark gray-green, lower surface semiglossy, paler, drying yellow-brown to yellow-green; anterior lobe oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate, almost elliptic, 16--30 cm long, 7--15 cm wide (1--1.3(1.5)) times longer than lateral lobes); lateral lobes broadly confluent 1--3(8) cm with medial lobe, 10--25 cm long, 3--8.7 cm wide, directed outward (90º angle from midrib), acute to bluntly acute; sinus arcuate; midrib more or less flat to sunken, paler than surface above, broadly convex below; basal veins 4--7 per side, sometimes with last vein free to base, most veins coalesced 1.5--13 cm, 2 veins coalesced to 17 cm, drying reddish brown to yellowish brown; posterior rib naked; primary lateral veins 4--5 per side, departing midrib at a 50--60º angle, narrowly sunken above, convex below; interprimary veins weakly sunken and concolorous above, weakly raised and darker than surface below; tertiary veins visible, darker than surface below; minor veins fine, close, weakly visible to distinct below, arising from both the midrib and primary lateral veins but mostly from the midrib. INFLORESCENCES erect-spreading, 1 per axil; peduncle 5.5--19.5 cm long, 3--8 mm diam.; spathe 7.4--16.6 cm long, (0.8--1.4(1.7) times longer than peduncle); spathe blade green to greenish white to creamy yellow, tinged with violet-purple outside, tinged with violet purple, at least sometimes with yellowish resin canals visible inside; spathe tube green outside, 4--6 cm long, 2--3.5 cm diam., dark violet-purple inside; spadix sessile; white, drying golden-yellow throughout, tapered, more or less rounded at apex, 7.5--10.8 cm long, broadest near the base; pistillate portion pale green (post-anthesis), ellipsoid, 3.6 cm long, 1.3 cm diam. at apex, 1.2 cm diam. at middle, 6 mm wide at base; staminate portion to 8.4 cm long; fertile staminate portion white, ellipsoid, tapered at apex, 8 mm diam. at base, 5 mm diam. at middle, 5 mm diam. ca. 1 cm from apex, broadest at base, much narrower than the pistillate portion; sterile staminate portion tannish, 8 mm diam.; pistils (1.5)2.9--4.4 mm long, 1.7--2.3 mm diam., ovary (6)7--8-locular, (1)2.2--3.2 mm long, ovule sac 0.7 mm long, with sub-basal placentation; ovules 3 per locule, contained within translucent, gelatinous ovule sac, ca. 0.4 mm long, longer than funicle; funicle 0.2--0.3 mm long, (can be pulled free to base), style similar to style type B; style apex flat; stigma discoid, 5--6 mm diam., 0.1 mm high, covering center of style apex; the androecium more or less prismatic, margins irregularly 4--6-sided, 0.7-1.1 mm long; thecae oblong, 0.3 mm wide, more or less divaricate; sterile staminate flowers irregularly 5--6-sided, 1 mm wide. INFRUCTESCENCE 9.5-16 cm long, peduncle to 14 cm long; spadix to 5.3 cm long, to 3 cm wide; berries orange, rhomboid; seeds 1--2(3) per locule, (16)21--22(29) per berry, light brown, 1.5--2 mm long, 0.5 mm diam., with weak constriction (nipple) opposite funicular end of seed.

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 100 - 1700 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Pacífico.

Morphology General Habit

Hierba, trepadora

Conservation

No Evaluada

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation

Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 1700 m.; Andes.

Morphology General Habit

Hierba

Conservation

No Evaluada

CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011. araceae.e-monocot.org

Distribution

Ranges from Honduras (Gracias a Dios) and from Nicaragua (Río San Juan, Zelaya, Jinotega and Matagalpa) to Panama (Bocas del Toro, Veraguas, and Coclé), principally on the Atlantic slope.

Phenology

Flowering in Philodendron rothschuhianum occurs during the dry season and early rainy season. Most collections have been made in March but, flowering occurs as late as August. Post-anthesis collections have been made from January through November (except October), but are particularly abundant from March through May. Immature fruiting collections have been made from April through September (also December), but mature fruits are known from only August.

Habitat

It occurs in Premontane wet forest, Tropical wet forest, and less frequently in wetter parts of Tropical wet forest and Premontane rain forest life zones.

General Description

Hemiepiphytic to epiphytic or rarely terrestrial; stem appressed-climbing, creeping, sap watery, leaf scars conspicuous, 2 cm long, 2.5 cm wide; internodes short, semiglossy, 1.8--3 cm long, 1.5--3 cm diam., about as long as broad, gray-green, epidermis fissured; roots scurfy, few per node; cataphylls fleshy, soft, 16--23 cm long, unribbed then sharply 2-ribbed at apex, or bluntly 2-ribbed throughout or weakly 1-ribbed throughout, green, short dark striate, semiglossy, deciduous, emarginate with subapical apiculum at union of ribs at apex. LEAVES erect-spreading to spreading; petioles 33--71 cm long, 3--13(20) mm diam., subterete, moderately spongy, medium green, obtusely 1-ribbed near apex adaxially, surface weakly glossy, densely green striate; sheath inconspicuous; blades deeply 3-lobed, subcoriaceous, weakly bicolorous, gradually acuminate, long to very long acuminate at apax (the acumen inrolled, 1--2.5 mm long), more or less hastate at base, 22--42 cm long, 25--57 cm wide (0.6--1 times longer than wide), (0.5--1 times the petiole length), about two-thirds as long as petiole, upper surface semiglossy, lower surface weakly glossy, slightly paler; sinus hippocrepiform; median lobes 16--39.5 cm long, 7--20 cm wide; lateral lobes narrowly ovate, 14--28 cm long, 5--17 cm wide, directed toward apex, broadly confluent 2--5 cm with medial lobe, the margins undulate; midrib sunken to narrowly concave, paler than surface above, almost round-raised, paler than surface below; basal veins 10--15 per side, the remainder arranged in a more or less regular manner in the posterior lobe, coalesced in part throughout much of their length into a central rib; posterior rib usually not naked, sometimes naked for 1 cm, rarely to 2.5 cm; primary lateral veins 5--12 per side, departing midrib at a 50--65º angle, narrowly sunken, concolorous above, convex below; interprimary veins sunken and concolorous above, raised, almost as conspicuous as primary lateral veins below; minor veins darker than surface below, arising from both the midrib and primary lateral veins. INFLORESCENCES erect, 2--3(9) per axil; peduncle 5.2--21 cm long, 5--10 mm diam., medium green, densely lineate; spathe (6.5)8--14(16) cm long, (0.6--2.2 times longer than peduncle), markedly constricted above the tube; spathe blade pale green to greenish white to yellowish green outside, to ca. 5 cm wide when open, ca. 2.4 cm diam. at constriction, greenish white to creamy white inside; spathe tube ellipsoid, 4--7 cm long, pale green to yellowish green outside, greenish to greenish white to creamy white inside; spadix very short stipitate; somewhat protruding forward at anthesis, 10.5 cm long, constricted at base of fertile staminate portion; pistillate portion pale lime-green, 3.7 cm long in front, 2.5 cm long in back, 1--1.3 cm diam. at apex, 1.2--1.4 cm diam. at middle, 1.2 cm wide at base; staminate portion 6.4--9.3 cm long; fertile staminate portion creamy white, clavate, 1 cm diam. at base, 1.3 cm diam. at middle, 1 cm diam. ca. 1 cm from apex, usually broader than the pistillate portion; sterile staminate portion broader than fertile portion or pistillate portion, creamy white, 1.6--1.9 cm diam. at base, 1.3--1.4 cm. diam. at apex; pistils 1.6--2.6 cm long, 1.2 mm diam.; ovary 5--7-locular, 0.8 mm long, 1.1 mm diam., with sub-basal placentation; locules 0.8 mm long, 0.3--0.4 mm diam.; ovule sac 0.6 mm long; ovules 1 per locule, contained within translucent, gelatinous ovule sac, 0.3--0.5 mm long, longer than funicle; funicle 0.1--0.3 mm long, (can be pulled free to base), style 0.6 mm long, 1.2 mm diam., similar to style type B; style apex sloping to rounded; stigma brush-like, hemispheroid, 0.7--1 mm diam., 0.3--0.6 mm high, covering entire style apex; apex drying button-like, with or without radial ridges from center; the androecium truncate, oblong, more or less prismatic, margins irregularly 4--6-sided, 1--1.6 mm long, 1.5--1.9 mm diam. at apex; thecae oblong, 0.4 mm wide, more or less parallel to one another, nearly contiguous; sterile staminate flowers blunt, sometimes clavate or prismatic or irregularly 5--6-sided or 3--6-sided, 1.7--2.3 mm long, 1.6 mm wide. INFRUCTESCENCES: Berries pale green or pale yellow-green to greenish white, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm diam.; seeds 1--3, medium green, (1.2)2.1--2.3 mm long, 0.6--0.8 mm diam., within thin envelope. JUVENILE plants with petioles sheathed to about midway; blades with posterior lobes hastate, acuminate at apex, promptly auriculate on posterior margin, broadly confluent with anterior margin on anterior margin.

Distribution

Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 1700–1700 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Nariño.

Habit

Herb.