Family:
Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.
Genus:
Phyla Lour.

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene

This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropics & Subtropics. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as a medicine and for food.

[FTEA]

Verbenaceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1992

Morphology General Habit
Prostrate creeping herb, with slender often purplish stems 20–45 cm. long covered with fine medifixed hairs; rootstock woody.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves often purplish, oblanceolate to obovate, 0.5–5 cm. long, 0.2–3 cm. wide, acute and sharply serrate at the apex, cuneate and entire at the base, glabrous or thinly pubescent with adpressed medifixed hairs.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Spikes purplish, cylindrical, 0.3–2.5 cm. long; bracts broadly obovate to oblate-cuspidate, 2–3 × 3–5 mm.; peduncles 1.3–8 cm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx dorsiventrally flattened, 1.4 mm. long, split almost to base abaxially and to about the middle adaxially.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla mauve, pink or white with yellow centre, often white and purple in one inflorescence, and sometimes purple in bud, white when open; tube ± 1.5 mm. long; lobes unequal, 0.6–0.8 mm. in diameter.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 4, didynamous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
Stigma obliquely capitate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit rounded obovoid, 1.2 × 1–1.2 mm., divided into 2 pyrenes.
Figures
Fig. 4.
Habitat
Sandy lake shores, shore mud, lava boulders by lakes, lakeside grassland, also roadsides and Avicennia salt marshes; 0–1170 m.
Distribution
K3 K5 K7 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T8 U1 U2 Z now widespread in tropics, subtropics and warmer temperate regionsthroughout tropical Africa from Senegal, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia to South Africa and also in North Africa.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 363 m.; Islas Caribeñas, Llanura del Caribe, Pacífico, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba
Conservation
Preocupación Menor

[UNAL]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
yerba’emaco

[FZ]

Flora Zambesiaca. Vol 8, Pt 7. Avicenniaceae, R. Fernandes. Nesogenaceae, M.A. Diniz. Verbenaceae, R. Fernandes. Lamiaceae, R. Fernandes. 2005.

Type
Type from N America (Virginia).
Ecology
Lake and dam shores, river banks, floodplains, pan margins, coastal dunes and swamp margins, in damp or seasonally inundated soils, sands and heavy black clays and in mud; 0–1300 m.
Note
Moldenke, in Fifth Summ. Verbenaceae: 252 (1971), has recorded Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (H.B. & K.) Moldenke for Moçambique.  However, we have not been able to confirm this record.
Distribution
Widespread in the tropics, subtropics and warmer temperate regions; throughout tropical Africa from Senegal, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia to South Africa. Caprivi Strip
Morphology General Habit
Prostrate perennial herb with long trailing stems radiating from a woody taproot. Prostrate perennial herb with long trailing stems radiating from a woody taproot
Morphology Stem
Stems up to 2(3) m long, decumbent, terete and somewhat fleshy, drying ± angular and sulcate, rooting at the nodes; internodes 0.7–9 cm long; nodes somewhat thickened; branches 1–2 at each node, from leaf axils, up to 30 cm long, erect or the longer branches ± decumbent and sometimes rooting at the nodes. Stems up to 2(3) m long, decumbent, terete and somewhat fleshy, drying ± angular and sulcate, rooting at the nodes; internodes 0.7–9 cm long; nodes somewhat thickened; branches 1–2 at each node, from leaf axils, up to 30 cm long, erect or the longer branches ± decumbent and sometimes rooting at the nodes
Morphology General Indumentum
Indumentum of short appressed medifixed sharply pointed white hairs, sparse on old parts, ± dense on younger parts, mainly on leaves and floral bracts. Indumentum of short appressed medifixed sharply pointed white hairs, sparse on old parts, ± dense on younger parts, mainly on leaves and floral bracts
Morphology Leaves
Leaves somewhat fleshy, opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate, 0.8–7.2 × 0.4–2.5 cm, spathulate, oblanceolate or obovate, obtuse to rounded or subacute at the apex and sharply coarsely serrate at the upper part, cuneate and entire at the lower part; petiole up to 8 mm long. Leaves somewhat fleshy, opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate, 0.8–7.2 × 0.4–2.5 cm, spathulate, oblanceolate or obovate, obtuse to rounded or subacute at the apex and sharply coarsely serrate at the upper part, cuneate and entire at the lower part; petiole up to 8 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Spikes short, dense, subglobose or shortly-ovoid at flowering time, and up to 1–2.5(3) cm × 5–9 mm at maturity, cylindric; peduncles (0.5)1–11.5 cm long; bracts closely imbricate, up to c. 2.5 × 2 mm, broadly obovate to oblate-cuspidate, persistent and ± accrescent. Spikes short, dense, subglobose or shortly-ovoid at flowering time, and up to 1–2.5(3) cm × 5–9 mm at maturity, cylindric; peduncles (0.5)1–11.5 cm long; bracts closely imbricate, up to c. 2.5 × 2 mm, broadly obovate to oblate-cuspidate, persistent and ± accrescent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx compressed, membranous, deeply split almost to the base abaxially and to about the middle adaxially, persistent but hardly accrescent; lobes 1.5–2 mm long, hyaline or dark purple, shortly toothed on the keels. Calyx compressed, membranous, deeply split almost to the base abaxially and to about the middle adaxially, persistent but hardly accrescent; lobes 1.5–2 mm long, hyaline or dark purple, shortly toothed on the keels
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla mauve-pink or white with a yellow throat, often white and purple in the same inflorescence, sometimes purple in bud, white when open, c. 2.5 mm long; tube 1.5–2 mm long and 1–1.5 mm broad at the mouth; limb 2–2.5 mm in diameter with the upper lip 2-lobed and erect, the lower lip larger, 3-lobed with the median lobe oblong. Corolla mauve-pink or white with a yellow throat, often white and purple in the same inflorescence, sometimes purple in bud, white when open, c. 2.5 mm long; tube 1.5–2 mm long and 1–1.5 mm broad at the mouth; limb 2–2.5 mm in diameter with the upper lip 2-lobed and erect, the lower lip larger, 3-lobed with the median lobe oblong
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Mericarps 1.5–2 mm long, sub-hemispherical, flattened at the commissural face, obtuse or rounded at the apex, glabrous, enclosed within the persistent calyx. Mericarps 1.5–2 mm long, sub-hemispherical, flattened at the commissural face, obtuse or rounded at the apex, glabrous, enclosed within the persistent calyx.

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–900 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, La Guajira, Magdalena, San Andrés y Providencia, Santander, Valle del Cauca.
Habit
Herb.
Conservation
IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC. National Red List of Colombia (2021): Potential LC.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.

[FWTA]

Verbenaceae, H. Huber, F. N. Hepper & R. D. Meikle. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2. 1963

Morphology General Habit
A prostrate creeping herb
Ecology
Of moist places
Morphology Leaves
Leaves often tinged purple
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts
Bracts often tinged purple
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers mauve or pink.

[FSOM]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology Stem
Stems 10–50 cm long, covered by fine appressed hairs
Morphology Leaves
Leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 0.5–5 x 0.2–3 cm, serrate in apical part, cuneate and entire in basal part, glabrous or appressed pubescent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Spikes purplish, cylindrical, 0.3–2.5 cm long; bracts broadly obovate to oblate-cuspidate, 2–3 x 3–5 mm; peduncles 0.5–8 cm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx c. 1.4 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla mauve, pink or white with yellow centre; tube c. 1.5 mm long; lobes 0.6–0.8 mm in diam. Fruit rounded obovoid, 1.2 x 1–1.2 mm.
Distribution
N1–3; C2; S1–3; throughout tropical Africa and also in many other tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas.
Ecology
Altitude range 0–1800 m.

[UPFC]
Vernacular
Yerba’emaco

[UPFC]
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Social
Social uses.

Native to:

Alabama, Albania, Aldabra, Algeria, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Assam, Bahamas, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, California, Cambodia, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Repu, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, Chile Central, Chile North, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Florida, Free State, Galápagos, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf States, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Marianas, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Guinea, New Mexico, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oklahoma, Oman, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Solomon Is., Somalia, South Carolina, South China Sea, Southwest Caribbean, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Swaziland, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey-in-Europe, Turks-Caicos Is., Uganda, Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Canary Is., Cocos (Keeling) Is., East Aegean Is., France, Great Britain, Hawaii, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Portugal, Sardegna, South Australia, St.Helena, Victoria

English
Daisy lawn, Fog grass

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
Meikle, R.D. [1361], Nigeria 11719.000
Bourgeau, E. [1641], Spain K000215598
Reverchon, E. [440], Spain K000215599
Ward, C.J. [44], Angola K001009799
Welwitsch [5638], Angola K001009806
Pearson, H.H.W. [2177], Angola K001009807
Baum, H. [582], Angola K001009800
Pearson, H.H.W. [2177], Angola K001009808
Gossweiler, J. [s.n.], Angola K001009802
Tackholm, V. [8977], Jordan K000318313
Menezes, A. [3794], Angola K001009804
Curror [s.n.], Angola K001009803
Welwitsch [5694], Angola K001009805
Gossweiler, J. [s.n.], Angola K001009801
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1824] Zappania nodiflora K001114305
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1824] Zappania nodiflora K001114307
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1824] Zappania nodiflora K001114306
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1824], India Zappania nodiflora K001114304
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1824] Zappania nodiflora K001114308
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1824], India Zappania nodiflora K001114310
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1824] Zappania nodiflora K001114309
Mar 1, 2013 Glaziou, A.F.M. [13065], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925067
Sellow [s.n.], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925066
Ribas, O.S. [1846], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925069
Sello [2420], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925070
Hatschbach, G.G. [50069], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925065
Sellow, F. [1451], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925068
Glaziou, A.F.M. [13066], Brazil Lippia nodiflora K000925064

First published in Pittonia 4: 46 (1899)

Accepted by

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  • Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae) Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fernandes, R.B. (2006). Contribução para o conhecimento das Avicenniaceae e Verbenaceae da Flora de Angola Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17(2): 5-68.
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  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
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  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
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  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Raffaelli, M., Mosti, S. & Tardelli, M. (2006). Boswellia sacra Flueck. (Burseraceae) in the Hasik area (Eastern Dhofar, Oman) and a list of surrounding flora Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 61: 245-251.
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Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

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Kew Backbone Distributions

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  • Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • O'Leary, N. & Múlgura, M.E. (2011). A taxonomic revision of the genus Phyla (Verbenaceae) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 98: 578-596.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Quézel, P. (1958). Mission Botanique au Tibesti: 1-357. Université d'Alger.
  • Raffaelli, M., Mosti, S. & Tardelli, M. (2006). Boswellia sacra Flueck. (Burseraceae) in the Hasik area (Eastern Dhofar, Oman) and a list of surrounding flora Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 61: 245-251.
  • Shaheen, H., Qureshi, R., Akram, A., Gulfraz, M. & Potter, D. (2014). A preliminary floristic checklist of Thal desert Punjab, Pakistan Pakistan Journal of Botany 46: 13-18.
  • Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. (2007). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon: 1-609. CNRS Publication.
  • Turner, I.M., Xing, F. & Corlett, R.T. (2000). An annotated check-list of the vascular plants of the South China Sea and its shores The Raffles bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. 8: 23-116.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A.D.Q. Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Flowers p. 613 (1974).
  • Brenan in Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 37 (1954).
  • Greene in Pittonia 4: 46 (1899).
  • Jafri & Ghafoor in Fl. W. Pakistan 77: 11, fig. 2/C–E (1974).
  • Meikle in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 437 (1963).
  • Meikle, Fl. Cyprus 2: 1249 (1985).
  • Townsend in Fl. Turkey 7: 32 (1982).
  • Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 82 (1980).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    Flora Zambesiaca
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  • Flora of Somalia

    Flora of Somalia
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  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
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  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    Flora of West Tropical Africa
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  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew K000925068
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew K001009808

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
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  • Kew Science Photographs

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  • Plants and People Africa

    Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    ColPlantA database
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  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

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