Asteraceae
Cynara

Cynara cardunculus L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 827 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Medit. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Canary Is., France, Italy, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Portugal, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, California, Colombia, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Ethiopia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Ireland, Jawa, Juan Fernández Is., Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Marianas, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Myanmar, Netherlands, New South Wales, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Queensland, Romania, Réunion, Sardegna, South Australia, South European Russia, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Victoria, Vietnam, Western Australia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Flora of North America North of Mexico 19: 1-579. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of Iraq

  • L., Sp. Pl.: 827 (1753).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2013). https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/V38fC5Rg7SM7AW8CzfGZW. epublication.
  • Ali, S.I. & Qaiser, M. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Pakistan 223: 1-363. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Delipavlov, D. & Cheshmedzhiev, I. (eds.) (2011). Opredelitel na rasteniiata v Bulgariia: 1-590. Akad. Isd. Agrar. Univers. Plovdiv.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2011). Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase. The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Allen, D., Bilz, M., Leaman, D.J., Miller, R.M., Timoshyna, A., & Window, J. (2014). European Red List of medicinal plants. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 10:907382.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Dempewolf, H., Eastwood, R. J., Guarino, L., Khoury, C. K., Müller, J. V. & Toll, J. (2014). Adapting agriculture to climate change: a global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38, 369-377.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Garcia, H. (1992). Flora Medicinal de Colombia. Botánica Médica. Segunda Edición. Tercer Mundo Editores. Tomo III.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mtui [95] Tanzania K002015142 Yes
Kisena [204] Tanzania K002015143 Yes
Kisena [204] Tanzania K002015145 Yes
Bianor-Marie, F. [s.n.] Spain K002015055 Yes
Constable, E.F. [15872] Australia K002015138 Yes
Andrews, R.J. [9] Spain K001091189 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [27450] Spain K001091195 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Spain K002015057 Yes
Constable, E.F. [28606] Australia K002015137 Yes
Barclay, C. [3208] Greece K002015043 Yes
s.coll. [73] Portugal K002015134 Yes
s.coll. [P.32G] K001770461 Yes
Gillies [s.n.] K001790700 Yes
Atchley, S.C. [s.n.] Greece K002015042 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Malta K002015051 Yes
Burkin, P. [s.n.] Australia K002015136 Yes
Kisena [561] Tanzania K002015141 Yes
Garland, G.R. [33] Spain K001091190 Yes
Stefanini; Stefanini [s.n.] Italy K002015045 Yes
Sprague, T.A.; Hutchinson, J. [500] Spain K001091193 Yes
Sprague, T.A.; Hutchinson, J. [500] Spain K001091192 Yes
Bonnet, E. [s.n.] Spain K001091194 Yes
Gillies [s.n.] K002015060 Yes
Kisena [204] Tanzania K002015144 Yes
Vaccari, A. [s.n.] Italy K002015044 Yes
Huet du Pavillon, E.; Huet du Pavillon, A. [s.n.] Italy K002015049 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Hunt, D.R.; Leistner, O.A. [5042] Italy K002015046 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [461] Spain K001091191 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [s.n.] Portugal K002015054 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002015139 Yes
[Ponta B Lourenzo] [s.n.] Portugal K002015053 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K002015048 Yes
Gandoger, M. [s.n.] Italy K002015050 Yes
Bianor-Marie, F. [s.n.] Spain K002015058 Yes
Constable, E.F. [28606] Australia K002015135 Yes
Kralik, L. [671] France K002015041 Yes
Gabriel Strobl, P. [s.n.] Italy K002015047 Yes
Elias (Hno.) [3273] Spain K002015056 Yes
Kisena [561] Tanzania K002015140 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [381] Mexico K002015148 Yes
Donor [120] France K002015040 Yes
s.coll. [636] Malta K002015052 Yes
Andrews, S.; Santos, A.; Galvan, M.F. [475] Spain K001091188 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Iraq

    • Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. (Eds). (2013-2019). Flora of Iraq, Volumes 5.1, 5.2 and 6.0. Kew Publishing
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0